Journals at the University of Arizona
Not a member yet
18839 research outputs found
Sort by
MICROSURGICAL LYMPHATIC VASCULAR GRAFTING AND SECONDARY LIPOSUCTION: RESULTS OF COMBINATION TREATMENT IN SECONDARY LYMPHEDEMA
No full textSurgical treatment of lymphedema with liposuction typically requires subsequent compression therapy. Here we describe an approach where secondary arm lymphedemas are initially treated by autologous lymphatic grafting to bypass the axilla and restore lymphatic flow. In the presence of excess adipose tissue, liposuction is then performed in a second procedure. To assess outcomes, the authors evaluated 28 consecutive adult patients who had undergone secondary liposuction following lymphatic grafting. Arm volumes were measured prior to lymphatic grafting and after the secondary liposuction. The necessity for additional treatment by compression garment and manual lymphatic drainage was assessed prior to lymphatic grafting and after the secondary liposuction following the direct postoperative regimen. The mean arm volumes were reduced significantly (p0.001) from a mean of 3417±171 (SEM) cm[cubed] prior to lymphatic grafting to 3020±125 cm[cubed] after reconstruction of the lymphatic vascular system and finally to 2516±104 cm[cubed] after the secondary liposuction (SLS). All 28 adult patients underwent continuous compression and manual lymph-drainage (MLD) prior to the reconstructive surgery. All 28 patients were evaluated regarding necessity of any additional therapy more than 6 months after SLS with a median follow up period of 37 months (range, 7-160 months). 18 of 28 patients did not require any supportive therapy beyond 6 months after SLS to maintain the results. Three patients continued to utilize manual lymphatic drainage, 4 used a combination of MLD and compression therapy and 3 used elastic compression therapy (one patient only while at work). These results indicate that microsurgical restoration of lymphatic outflow followed by SLS eliminates the need for additional treatment in more than two thirds of patients
Review of Giorgos Kallis. 2019. Limits: why Malthus was wrong and why environmentalists should care
No full textGeopolitical ecology of solar geoengineering: from a 'logic of multilateralism' to logics of militarization
No full textSolar geoengineering technologies intended to slow climate change by injecting sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere are gaining traction in climate policy. Solar geoengineering is considered "fast, cheap, and imperfect" in that it could rapidly reduce planetary temperatures with low cost technology, but potentially generate catastrophic consequences for climate, weather, and biodiversity. Governance has therefore been central to solar geoengineering debates, particularly the question of unilateral deployment, whereby a state or group of states could deploy the technology against the wishes of the international community. In this context, recent, influential scenarios posit that – given technological and political complexities – solar geoengineering deployment will likely be guided by a "logic of multilateralism." I challenge this assertion by arguing that solar geoengineering is defined by equally compelling 'logics of militarization.' I detail recent involvement in solar geoengineering development on the part of U.S. defense, intelligence, and foreign policy institutions, geoengineering scenarios that adopt militarized logics and expertise, and Realist international relations theories that undergird leading governance scenarios. I then demonstrate that the U.S. military has a strategic interest in solar geoengineering, as U.S. hegemony is predicated on expanding fossil fuels, but the military deems climate change a threat to national security. The unique spatio-temporal qualities of solar geoengineering can bridge the gap between these contradictory positions. In examining the militarization of solar geoengineering, I aim to ground recent conceptions of "planetary sovereignty" in the emergent field of "geopolitical ecology" through the latter's more granular approach to the world-making powers of key geopolitical-ecological actors. Key Words: solar geoengineering, geopolitical ecology, militarization, U.S. hegemony, climate interventio
Sacrifice zones and the construction of urban energy landscapes in Concepción, Chile
No full textThis article examines how national energy policies in Chile constitute urban energy landscapes characterized by environmental and spatial inequalities. The concept of urban energy landscapes is deployed to explain the spatial patterns resulting from energy governance and energy conflicts in the metropolitan area of Concepción, a metropolitan region of strategic importance in the configuration of national energy policy. These urban energy landscapes result from the constitution of 'sacrifice zones' that reflect an extractivist model of energy production. The combination of qualitative interviews and transect walks reveals different aspects of a dual arrangement of energy infrastructure and urbanization. The city's fragmented landscapes emerge from the coexistence of energy infrastructure and associated industries, with daily activities of communities that have little to do with these industries but live in their shadow. Conflicts in these urban energy landscapes are intense, with every inch of space contested by competing modes of 'being urban.' The urban energy landscape in Concepción is an expression of a clash of social and economic power with local priorities.Keywords: urban energy landscapes, industrial landscapes, sacrifice zones, energy conflicts, coal energy, Chil
Political ecology, privation and sustainable livelihoods in northern Thailand's national parks
No full textNational parks provide a wide range of ecological, social and economic benefits. However, in some cases the establishment of national parks has also lead to the displacement of indigenous people, the disruption of their livelihoods, and ongoing social conflict. Northern Thailand's national parks are home to approximately one million indigenous people. Balancing the interests and needs of national park authorities with those of indigenous communities within and adjacent to these parks poses significant challenges. This article employs qualitative research methods to assess the livelihood strategies of six indigenous hill tribe communities residing within three national parks in Northern Thailand. Due to the criminalization of the traditional farming systems and restrictions imposed on land use, these communities have had to adapt their livelihood practices to survive. Our findings suggest that communities remain in a state of flux and are continually adapting to changing circumstances. It is argued that greater community empowerment and participation in collaborative decision making is crucial to strengthen both sustainable livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts within Northern Thailand's national parks.Keywords: Sustainable livelihoods, co-management, Northern Thailand, national parks, social justic
Cloves, Slaves, and British Imperialism: The Rise and Fall of Omani Plantation Slavery in Nineteenth Century Zanzibar
No full textStarting in the 1820s, plantation slavery designed for clove production erupted throughout Zanzibar, an Omani-controlled archipelago in East Africa. But by 1890, Zanzibar’s independence, as well as its slavery, waned as it became a British protectorate. Slavery on Zanzibar represented a blend of traditional Omani slavery with new plantation-style slavery which developed during a period of heightened abolitionist movements and British imperialism in the Indian Ocean. Attempts by the British to end the slave trade in the western Indian Ocean and slave labor in Zanzibar reveals how Europeans conceptualized slavery in the 1800s by privileging the abolition of economic over domestic slavery. In this essay, I analyze plantation slavery in Zanzibar from two different, yet related angles. First, I will examine how this slave system developed and collapsed in such a relatively short amount of time. Second, I seek to understand how this new form of economic slavery coexisted with older forms of Omani slavery, specifically domestic slavery. In doing so, we see how this slave system combined elements of both domestic and economic slavery which further enhances our ability to understand the two as connected and intersecting categories of slavery. Further, this case demonstrates how, in the nineteenth century, slavery on a small archipelago of islands both effected and was affected by global economic and political shifts
The Virocene Epoch: the vulnerability nexus of viruses, capitalism and racism
No full textCOVID-19 has ushered in a new planetary epoch—the Virocene. In doing so, it has laid bare the limits of humanity's power over nature, exposing the vulnerability of 'normal' ways of living and their moral and pragmatic bankruptcy in coping with those vulnerabilities. 'Normal' is powerless against the virus and has not worked for a majority of the world's human and non-human population. Whatever new normal humanity fashions depends on the socio-ecological change set in motion by mutations between human and non-human species. The outcomes of society's responses to the pandemic depend on how human agency, as an embodiment of social, ecological, and metaphysical relations, transforms the relations now shaped by capitalism and racism—the two mutually reinforcing processes at the root of the Virocene's social and ecological vulnerabilities. A deeper understanding of vulnerabilities is necessary to avoid recreating a 'new normal' that normalizes the current oppressive and vulnerable social order, while inhibiting our ability to transform the world. At the same time, the sweeping possibilities of alternative ways of organizing humanity's mutual wellbeing and nature lie at our fingertips. The emancipatory political consciousness, rationalities, and strategies inherent in such intuitively sensible and counter-hegemonic approaches, first and foremost, are matters of justice, embodied in the power that shapes human-nature metabolism. The Virocene is thus a battleground for social and ecological justice. To be effective partners in these struggles for justice, political ecology needs a universal perspective of social and ecological justice that functions both as a form of critical inquiry—that is, as a way to understand how social and ecological inequalities and justices arise and function—and as a form of critical praxis—that is, as a way to reclaim and transform capitalism and racism's power in valuing and organizing social and ecological wellbeing.Key Words: Virocene; political economy of health; capitalism; racism, vulnerability, pandemi
EDITORIAL: Reflections on Open Access
No full textAt the most basic level, open access refers to profit versus non-profit academic publishing processes and procedures. This means that in an open access system, there are no fees paid to the publishers to either publish or view a scholarly work. Today many universities value open access journals as much as they value subscription-based journal publications. Issues and Trends in Learning Technologies is particularly interested in supporting graduate students and young scholars who are new in the publishing process. Please keep those papers coming in.DOI:10.2458/azu_itlt_v8i1_czerkawski