MATE Journals (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences)
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Fokhagymát fertőző Potyvirus és Carlavirus fajokkal végzett mesterséges fertőzési kísérletek
No full textIn our survey, garlic and leek plants were tested by artificial inoculation of Potyvirus and Carlavirus isolates. Our aim was to investigate the infectional conditions, studying host plant preference for Potyviruses and the possibility of mixed infection of Carlavirus species. In total, 36 garlic plants were infected, then the results were evaluated. Transmission of potyviruses was low on leeks and high on garlic. The simultaneous presence of the two carlaviruses could not be detected in the inoculated plants.Munkánk során fokhagyma és póréhagyma növények mesterséges fertőzését, inokulálását végeztük Potyvirus és Carlavirus izolátumokkal. Célunk a fertőzési viszonyok vizsgálata volt, a potyvírusok esetében gazdanövény preferenciát, míg a carlavírusok esetében a nemzetségbe tartozó vírusfajok kevert fertőzésének lehetőségét vizsgáltuk. A kísérletek során összesen 36 fokhagymanövény fertőzését végeztük el és értékeltük. A potyvírusok átvitele póréhagymán kis mértékben, míg fokhagymán nagymértékben sikeres volt. A két carlavírus egyidejű jelenlétét nem tudtuk kimutatni az inokulált növényekben
Pollen-spóra interakció vizsgálata Botrytis cinerea kórokozón: egy új megközelítés előzetes eredményei
No full textThere is little attention on the spore-pollen interaction, especially their background mechanisms, which microbial communications might partially explain. In this pilot study in Botrytis cinerea, we will show some first primary results, such as methodological validation and the role of some influencing factors. The preliminary results suggested valid methodological background to measure the initial growth of conidia development. Furthermore, we obtained a significant difference for the type of extract, which has a detectable time- and concentration-dependent effect. Summarizing, these results may indicate that the development of the pathogenic conidia of B. cinerea is influenced by certain regulatory molecules, which may have an analogous biological effect on the stimulatory compounds found in plant pollens.A pollen-spóra interakciót meghatározó háttérmechanizmusokra eddig kevés figyelem irányult. Ezeket a hatásokat részben a mikrobiális kémiai kommunikáció jelensége magyarázhatja. Jelen munka részletesebb, feltáró kutatásunk legfontosabb kezdeti lépéseit kívánja bemutatni. Elővizsgálatunk legfőbb célkitűzése volt, hogy validáljuk az alkalmazott módszertant, illetve teszteljük a konídiumok csírázását befolyásoló legfontosabb tényezőket. A vizsgálat során modellszervezetként a Botrytis cinerea növénypatogén gombát választottuk. Kezdeti eredményeink arra utalnak, hogy az alkalmazott módszertan alkalmas a konídiumok kezdeti fejlődésének nyomon követésére. Jelentős különbséget figyeltünk meg a kivonatok típusával kapcsolatban, aminek számottevő idő- és koncentrációfüggő hatása van. Mindez arra utalhat, hogy a Botrytis cinerea kórokozó konídiumainak fejlődését olyan szabályozó molekulák befolyásolják, amelyek analóg hatásúak lehetnek a növényi pollenekben található stimulátor vegyületekkel
Ökológiai növényvédelem kihívásai a nanotechnológiával készült Bisteppel szőlő- és gyümölcskultúrában
No full textIn the course of our work, we examined the effect of the Bistep plant conditioning nanopreparation in the ecological plant protection technology of grape and fruit cultures. The biologically pure preparation is made with nano technology. During the treatments, the areas treated with integrated plant protection technology were transformed into ecological plantations. The biggest plant protection challenge in ecological control was the control of Erwinia amylovora in apple orchards, Erysiphe necator and Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz in grapes, which has been infecting several wine regions of our country in recent years. Based on our results, the average yield showed an average increase of 20-40% in the first year when using the Bistep technology. We experienced a definite improvement in the health of the gardens, and we were able to harvest food-quality produce from the treated areas. Based on our observations, we summarized the practical experience of the last 10 years regarding the quality and quantity of the crop.Munkánk során a Bistep növénykondicionáló nanokészítmény hatását vizsgáltuk szőlő – és gyümölcskultúrák ökológiai növényvédelmi technológiájában. A biológiailag tiszta készítmény nano technológiával készült. A kezelések során az integrált növényvédelmi technológiával kezelt területeket ökológiai ültetvénnyé állítottuk át. A legnagyobb növényvédelmi kihívás ökológiai védekezésben, almatermésű ültetvényekben az Erwinia amylovora, még szőlőben a lisztharmat (Erysiphe necator) illetve az elmúlt években hazánk több borvidékén fertőző feketerothadás (Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz) betegségek visszaszorítása volt. Eredményeink alapján a termésátlag, a Bistep technológiában való alkalmazása során, már az első évben átlagosan 20-40%-os növekedést mutatott. A kertek egészségi állapotában pedig határozott javulást tapasztaltunk, a kezelt területekről étkezési minőségű termést tudtunk betakarítani. Megfigyeléseink alapján, az elmúlt 10 év gyakorlati tapasztalatait foglaltuk össze a termés minőségére és mennyiségére vonatkozóan
Az ózon hatása a Fuzárium fertőzöttség alakulására
No full textWe investigated the effect of ozone gas on Fusarium spp. infection of seeds, and we also evaluated the Fusarium infection data of the last 5 years at the Plant and Soil Protection Department of the Vas County Government Office. We did not establish any correlation between the Fusarium infection and precipitation. In the case of monocot pre-crops, we experienced a higher infection rate. Our results shows the importance of pre-crop and crop rotation. As a result of the ozone treatment, we observed a reduction in Fusarium infection. The difference compared to the control group was not significant. Ozone had no negative effect on germination.A Vas Megyei Kormányhivatal Agrárügyi Főosztályának Növény- és Talajvédelmi Osztályán az ózon gáz hatását vizsgáltuk a búzaszemeken található Fusarium spp. fertőzöttségre, továbbá értékeltük az elmúlt 5 év fuzárium fertőzöttségi adatait. A meteorológiai tényezők közül csak a csapadék mennyiséget vizsgálva a Fusarium fertőzöttség tekintetében nem állapítottunk meg összefüggést. Az egyszikű elővetemények esetében magasabb fertőzöttséget tapasztaltunk. Eredményünk alátámasztja az elővetemény, valamint a vetésforgó fontosságát a fuzárium fertőzések leküzdésében. Az ózon kezelés hatásárára a Fusarium fertőzöttség csökkenését tapasztaltuk, amely esetében a különbség a kontroll csoporthoz képest nem volt szignifikáns. Az ózon a csírázásra negatív hatást nem gyakorolt
Különböző szójafajták növénykórtani értékelése
No full textA szerzők a szója levélzetének és szárának károsításában szerepet játszó kórokozó gombák növénykórtani értékelését végezték el 11 eltérő éréscsoportú szójafajta esetében. A vizsgálatokat földrajzilag négy különböző helyszínen, gombaölő szeres kezelésben nem részesített nagyparcellás területen elemezték. Az értékelések során a levélfertőzöttségben a Peronospora manshurica, Septoria glycines, Cercospora kikuchii gombafajok fertőzésének mértékét és gyakoriságát határozták meg. A szárfertőzést előidéző Phomopsis phaseoli, Colletotrichum glycines, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum és Macrophomina phaseolina kórokozók esetében a fajták között tapasztalt fertőzési különbségekre is szolgáltatnak adatokat. Vizsgálataikban egy adott évjárat különböző mikroökológiai tulajdonságokkal rendelkező helyszínein állapították meg a szója fontosabb betegségeinek dominancia viszonyait, előzetes információkat szolgáltatva a nemesítőházaknak.The authors studied different soybean leaf and stem diseases for 11 soybean varieties in different maturity group. The tests were analyzed in untreated large-plot of fungicides in four geographically locations. The infection rates were determined in leaf infection caused by Peronospora manshurica, Septoria glycines, and Cercospora kikuchii. In the case of the soybean stem pathogens Phomopsis phaseoli, Colletotrichum glycines, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina are also provided on the differences in infection between the varieties. In their studies, they determined the dominance conditions of the most important soybean diseases in different microecological characteristics of this vintage, providing preliminary information to the seed production and breeding
Burgonya-fajtajelöltek fitoftóra (Phytophthora infestans) ellenállóságának vizsgálata provokációs kísérletben, 2022
No full textA burgonyavész (kórokozó:(Phytophthora infestans) a kedvelt szántóföldi kultúra legnagyobb gazdasági veszteséget okozó betegsége világszerte. Az ellene alkalmazott integrált védelemben a rezisztens burgonyafajtáknak kiemelt jelentősége van. Magyarországon az állami elismeréshez szükséges fajtakísérleteket és -vizsgálatokat a Nemzeti Élelmiszerlánc-biztonsági Hivatal (Nébih) végzi. Jelen dolgozatban a gazdaságiérték-vizsgálatok részét képező rezisztenciatesztek közül a fajtajelöltek fitoftórás lombellenállóságának legújabb eredményeit közöljük. 2022-ben 4 hazai nemesítésű burgonya-fajtajelölt (Red River, Hunor, Balatoni sárga, Golden River), 2 standard fajta (Désirée, Agria) és 2 kontroll fajta (Cleopatra, White Lady) szerepelt a vizsgálatban. Egésznövény-fertőzési módszerrel végeztük az inokulációt a fóliasátor alatti kétismétléses, véletlenblokk-elrendezésű, mikroparcellás kísérletben, a Nébih Fajtakitermesztő Állomásán, Monorierdőn. Fertőző anyagként egy lengyel P. infestans izolátumot használtunk (MP 1548), amely komplex virulencia-spektrumú (1.3.4.6.7.8.10.11). A mesterséges fertőzést 20-25.000 sporangium/ml töménységű vizes szuszpenzió lombra permetezésével végeztük el a növények 10-14 leveles korában (30 ml/parcella). A lombtertőzöttség mértélét 1-10-es skálájú bonitálással állapítottuk meg, megbecsülve a megbetegedett levélfelület nagyságát az összes lombfelülethez képest (fertőzött lombfelület %). A vizsgált genotípusok közül a Balatoni sárga és a Golden River fajtajelöltek rezisztensnek bizonyultak lombjukon hiperszenzitív reakcióval (HR), léziók kialakulása nélkül, hasonlóan a rezisztens kontroll White Lady fajtához. Ugyanakkor a nagyon fogékony kontroll fajtán (Cleopatra) 65%-os fertőzöttséget regisztráltunk, erőteljes sporulációval. A Red River fajtajelölt közepes fogékonyságot mutatott (fertőzött lombfelület % (ff%) 22,5)). A két regisztrált fajta (Désirée, Agria), valamint a Hunor fajtajelölt fogékony genotípusként viselkedett, 32,5, 35,0 és 42,5%-os fertőzöttséggel. Mivel a 2009/128 EK irányelv a növényvédőszer-felhasználás jelentős csökkentését írja elő, a rezisztens genotípusok, állami elismerésük esetén, fontos szerepet játszhatnak a burgonya integrált védelmében.Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most devastating disease worldwide. Blight-resistant cultivars may potentially play an important role in the IPM of potatoes. In Hungary, the official VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) trials aiming the variety registration are carried out by the National Food Chain Safety Office (Nébih) including resistance tests against the major potato diseases. This paper provides the latest results on the foliar resistance of potato candidate varieties to late blight agent. In 2022 four domestic candidate varieties (Red River, Hunor, Balatoni sárga, Golden River), two registered cultivars (Désirée, Agria), and two check cultivars (the highly susceptible Cleopatra and the resistant White Lady) were assessed using a whole-plant inoculation technique under walk-in plastic tunnel, in a microplot trial with two replications. As an inoculum, a Polish P. infestans isolate (MP 1548) with complex race character (1.3.4.6.7.8.10.11) was applied spraying a suspension of 20-25.000 sporangia/ml on the foliage of genotypes at the 12-14-leaf stage. Disease severity was tested on a 1-10 scale of increasing susceptibility estimating the infected leaf area compared with the entire foliage surface (infected leaf area %). Of the genotypes tested Balatoni sárga and Golden River candidate varieties proved to be resistant showing hypersensitive reaction (HR) and no lesions while infection rate of the highly susceptible check cv Cleopatra was 65 % producing intensive sporulation. Candidate variety Red River performed as a mid-susceptible genotype (inf.rate: 22,5%). Additionally, infection rate of the genotypes Désirée, Agria and Hunor were 32,5, 35,0 and 42,5 %, respectively rendering them susceptible varieties. Based on the 2009/128 EK directive aiming a 50 % reduction of pesticide use by 2030, the above-mentioned resistant cultivars, in case of registration, may play an important role in the IPM of potato
Brit cigány és traveller mesék és felhasználásuk a nyelvoktatásban
No full textIntegrating authentic folk tales into the curriculum has long been a popular method in language teaching. The motivational power, vocabulary, and context of folk tales contribute to the process of natural language acquisition already in the early phase of language learning – even if we only use traditional oral storytelling as a tool, or else if the stories are processed and dramatized by the students, perhaps if we develop “ready-to-use” curriculum from its rich linguistic content. The cultural content of fairy tales is useful spiritual food for all ages and is the basic element of a holistic approach. The essay summarizes the position of the literature on the possibilities of using folk tales in foreign language learning, looks into the history of the British Traveller and Roma communities, their relationship to storytelling, and the typology of folk tales. We randomly selected a few stories from famous British folklorists’ collections to see if they can be used in language classes.Integrating authentic folk tales into the curriculum has long been a popular method in language teaching. The motivational power, vocabulary, and context of folk tales contribute to the process of natural language acquisition already in the early phase of language learning – even if we only use traditional oral storytelling as a tool, or else if the stories are processed and dramatized by the students, perhaps if we develop “ready-to-use” curriculum from its rich linguistic content. The cultural content of fairy tales is useful spiritual food for all ages and is the basic element of a holistic approach. The essay summarizes the position of the literature on the possibilities of using folk tales in foreign language learning, looks into the history of the British Traveller and Roma communities, their relationship to storytelling, and the typology of folk tales. We randomly selected a few stories from famous British folklorists’ collections to see if they can be used in language classes
A kiszámoló az élet fontos dolga
No full textIf we do not prefer to be isolated and act in roles not chosen by ourselves in the world outside games, neither shall we inside. This is exactly why counting-out rhymes were created. They clearly state who is to take the unpleasant role in the game, who is ‘IT’. No longer do they decide who should live or die like their ancestor, the decimation, but, similarly, they leave the decision to fate. Structurally, a counting rhyme is a bridge to the game, functionally, it is a problem-solving device. A part of the game scenario, which will disappear when the actual game starts. This study was written with the goal to analyse what is behind the counting rhyme. Is there anything behind it at all? Half a minute long mechanical activity or human relationship? Is it a mere declaration, a role assignment or a social event? Do its structure and thematic need understanding? Is its rhythm a form of gesticulation or control? Is its linguistic content only a pile of raw material or a string of transubstantiated words? A counting rhyme is not elevated, or a liar, or beautiful, or ugly, neither is it a moral guide. Sometimes it is not longer than two lines, but, like the greatest literary works, it is a form of text and activity which has dramaturgy, tension, humour. Sometimes it is unspeakably nonsensical, but ready to be used for a preschool child as the language of their archaic self-identity.If we do not prefer to be isolated and act in roles not chosen by ourselves in the world outside games, neither shall we inside. This is exactly why counting-out rhymes were created. They clearly state who is to take the unpleasant role in the game, who is ‘IT’. No longer do they decide who should live or die like their ancestor, the decimation, but, similarly, they leave the decision to fate. Structurally, a counting rhyme is a bridge to the game, functionally, it is a problem-solving device. A part of the game scenario, which will disappear when the actual game starts. This study was written with the goal to analyse what is behind the counting rhyme. Is there anything behind it at all? Half a minute long mechanical activity or human relationship? Is it a mere declaration, a role assignment or a social event? Do its structure and thematic need understanding? Is its rhythm a form of gesticulation or control? Is its linguistic content only a pile of raw material or a string of transubstantiated words? A counting rhyme is not elevated, or a liar, or beautiful, or ugly, neither is it a moral guide. Sometimes it is not longer than two lines, but, like the greatest literary works, it is a form of text and activity which has dramaturgy, tension, humour. Sometimes it is unspeakably nonsensical, but ready to be used for a preschool child as the language of their archaic self-identity.If we do not prefer to be isolated and act in roles not chosen by ourselves in the world outside games, neither shall we inside. This is exactly why counting-out rhymes were created. They clearly state who is to take the unpleasant role in the game, who is ‘IT’. No longer do they decide who should live or die like their ancestor, the decimation, but, similarly, they leave the decision to fate. Structurally, a counting rhyme is a bridge to the game, functionally, it is a problem-solving device. A part of the game scenario, which will disappear when the actual game starts. This study was written with the goal to analyse what is behind the counting rhyme. Is there anything behind it at all? Half a minute long mechanical activity or human relationship? Is it a mere declaration, a role assignment or a social event? Do its structure and thematic need understanding? Is its rhythm a form of gesticulation or control? Is its linguistic content only a pile of raw material or a string of transubstantiated words? A counting rhyme is not elevated, or a liar, or beautiful, or ugly, neither is it a moral guide. Sometimes it is not longer than two lines, but, like the greatest literary works, it is a form of text and activity which has dramaturgy, tension, humour. Sometimes it is unspeakably nonsensical, but ready to be used for a preschool child as the language of their archaic self-identity.If we do not prefer to be isolated and act in roles not chosen by ourselves in the world outside games, neither shall we inside. This is exactly why counting-out rhymes were created. They clearly state who is to take the unpleasant role in the game, who is ‘IT’. No longer do they decide who should live or die like their ancestor, the decimation, but, similarly, they leave the decision to fate. Structurally, a counting rhyme is a bridge to the game, functionally, it is a problem-solving device. A part of the game scenario, which will disappear when the actual game starts. This study was written with the goal to analyse what is behind the counting rhyme. Is there anything behind it at all? Half a minute long mechanical activity or human relationship? Is it a mere declaration, a role assignment or a social event? Do its structure and thematic need understanding? Is its rhythm a form of gesticulation or control? Is its linguistic content only a pile of raw material or a string of transubstantiated words? A counting rhyme is not elevated, or a liar, or beautiful, or ugly, neither is it a moral guide. Sometimes it is not longer than two lines, but, like the greatest literary works, it is a form of text and activity which has dramaturgy, tension, humour. Sometimes it is unspeakably nonsensical, but ready to be used for a preschool child as the language of their archaic self-identity.If we do not prefer to be isolated and act in roles not chosen by ourselves in the world outside games, neither shall we inside. This is exactly why counting-out rhymes were created. They clearly state who is to take the unpleasant role in the game, who is ‘IT’. No longer do they decide who should live or die like their ancestor, the decimation, but, similarly, they leave the decision to fate. Structurally, a counting rhyme is a bridge to the game, functionally, it is a problem-solving device. A part of the game scenario, which will disappear when the actual game starts. This study was written with the goal to analyse what is behind the counting rhyme. Is there anything behind it at all? Half a minute long mechanical activity or human relationship? Is it a mere declaration, a role assignment or a social event? Do its structure and thematic need understanding? Is its rhythm a form of gesticulation or control? Is its linguistic content only a pile of raw material or a string of transubstantiated words? A counting rhyme is not elevated, or a liar, or beautiful, or ugly, neither is it a moral guide. Sometimes it is not longer than two lines, but, like the greatest literary works, it is a form of text and activity which has dramaturgy, tension, humour. Sometimes it is unspeakably nonsensical, but ready to be used for a preschool child as the language of their archaic self-identity.If we do not prefer to be isolated and act in roles not chosen by ourselves in the world outside games, neither shall we inside. This is exactly why counting-out rhymes were created. They clearly state who is to take the unpleasant role in the game, who is ‘IT’. No longer do they decide who should live or die like their ancestor, the decimation, but, similarly, they leave the decision to fate. Structurally, a counting rhyme is a bridge to the game, functionally, it is a problem-solving device. A part of the game scenario, which will disappear when the actual game starts. This study was written with the goal to analyse what is behind the counting rhyme. Is there anything behind it at all? Half a minute long mechanical activity or human relationship? Is it a mere declaration, a role assignment or a social event? Do its structure and thematic need understanding? Is its rhythm a form of gesticulation or control? Is its linguistic content only a pile of raw material or a string of transubstantiated words? A counting rhyme is not elevated, or a liar, or beautiful, or ugly, neither is it a moral guide. Sometimes it is not longer than two lines, but, like the greatest literary works, it is a form of text and activity which has dramaturgy, tension, humour. Sometimes it is unspeakably nonsensical, but ready to be used for a preschool child as the language of their archaic self-identity
Current Scenarios of Circular Economy in Brazil and Ecuador: Review Article
No full textThe circular economy offers alternatives to provide concrete solutions to productive, environmental, and social challenges worldwide, especially for developing countries such as in Latin America and the Caribbean region, where the economic models are heavily dependent on natural resource exports. The literature review briefly describes the current scenarios of the circular economy in two Latin American countries (Brazil and Ecuador). The paper describes the importance of the Circular Economy (CE), the public policies implemented in these countries during recent times, and the main challenges they face to achieve a transition from the traditional economic model to a more sustainable one. At the global level, there are various mechanisms and policies that drive the transition from a linear to a circular economy. However, developing countries such as Brazil and Ecuador do not yet have specific policy frameworks that encourage the circular economy as a governmental policy. The outstanding challenges and actions for achieving CE in the case of the countries considered remain large and require the joint effort of all actors involved at the public, private, academic and public care levels in general
Eximination of Leisure Spending Habits Broken Down by Weekdays and Weekends
No full textIn today\u27s modern world, recreation plays an increasingly important role, as one of its most important goals is to maintain health and increase our ability to work. The past few years have been defined by the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, many areas of life have changed, such as health, the economy, education, entertainment and travel. After the introduction of restrictions, we spent more time at home, so activities in our free time also changed. It is important to make good use of the extra time available to us in addition to work.The aim of the study was to observe how busy the participants spend their days and how much time they spend on each activity. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire in which 343 people participated. In terms of gender distribution, women accounted for 72% and men for 28%. The survey covered active and passive actions. The questions covered separate weekdays and weekends, thus providing a comprehensive picture of leisure habits