MATE Journals (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences)
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Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial attitudes among rural Tunisian women
No full textEntrepreneurship is strongly affected by the intentions and attitude of an entrepreneur. Women entrepreneurs are the most important elements of success in all communities, but they are most often neglected by society which leads to a different attitude and intention of women towards entrepreneurship as compared to men. Both societal and familial factors are responsible for the development of the entrepreneurial attitude and intentions of an individual. Tunisian society is more rigid towards women’s entrepreneurship due to the presence of patriarchal nature which causes a lower interest of women in business activities. This review provides insight into the factors responsible for the attenuation of entrepreneurial attitude (EA) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among rural women of Tunisia. We reviewed previous literature for this cause and tried to identify the most prominent effects of societal, cultural and familial factors affecting the EA and EI of women residing in rural Tunisia. Results from the data yield some factors which had a direct or indirect influence on the EA and EI of rural Tunisian women which included social capital, family support (Husband and parents), entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial training, regional context (Culture), self-efficacy, pull factor, an emotional factor, lack of managerial skills, risk-taking, role model (Parental and organizational) and reference groups.Entrepreneurship is strongly affected by the intentions and attitude of an entrepreneur. Women entrepreneurs are the most important elements of success in all communities, but they are most often neglected by society which leads to a different attitude and intention of women towards entrepreneurship as compared to men. Both societal and familial factors are responsible for the development of the entrepreneurial attitude and intentions of an individual. Tunisian society is more rigid towards women’s entrepreneurship due to the presence of patriarchal nature which causes a lower interest of women in business activities. This review provides insight into the factors responsible for the attenuation of entrepreneurial attitude (EA) and entrepreneurial intentions (EI) among rural women of Tunisia. We reviewed previous literature for this cause and tried to identify the most prominent effects of societal, cultural and familial factors affecting the EA and EI of women residing in rural Tunisia. Results from the data yield some factors which had a direct or indirect influence on the EA and EI of rural Tunisian women which included social capital, family support (Husband and parents), entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial training, regional context (Culture), self-efficacy, pull factor, an emotional factor, lack of managerial skills, risk-taking, role model (Parental and organizational) and reference groups
Recent Trends In Renewable Energy Sector Of EU
No full textThe energy efficiency issue attracts everybody’s attention all over the world. It is strongly linked with the climate change problem, and a series of solutions and recommendations are offered and prepared to meet these challenges. Recent energy policies are aimed to achieve a gradual and successful transition from conventional energy sources to alternative ones. The main intention is to achieve energy efficiency alongside decreasing the impact of production on the environment. However, historical trends suggest that usually similar policies have been ostensible, as they have only caused an increase in the amount of total energy consumption, rather than to achieve the aforementioned aim. On the other hand, EU countries have addressed a number of approaches to grow renewable energy installations at the national level as well as addressing issues that have arisen during the deployment of renewable energy infrastructures in various nations
A duális képzés és felnőttképzés az agrárszakképzésben: Az agrárszakképzés és a hozzá kapcsolódó felnőttképzés és duális képzés kialakulása Magyarországon
No full textThe legal and legislative background dealing with vocational training and adult education has undergone several changes over the past almost sixty years. In addition to social policy and national economic effects, the changes were also strongly influenced by the vocational training policies of the countries around us. Through these changes, I would like to show how today\u27s dual education system developed in agricultural vocational training, and what place adult education have been given in this model. It can be seen in the Hungarian VET culture that cooperation with dual internships is managed by the VET based on legal compliance and is mainly based on the documentation system. The international outlook shows a market-based cooperation model.
A szakképzéssel és a felnőttképzéssel foglalkozó törvényi és jogszabályi háttér az elmúlt majdnem hatvan évben többször esett át változáson. A szociálpolitikai és nemzetgazdasági hatásokon túl a változásokat a körülöttünk lévő országok szakképzési politikája is erősen befolyásolta. Ezeken a változásokon keresztül szeretném bemutatni, hogyan alakult ki az agrárszakképzésben a mai duális oktatási rendszer és a felnőttképzés illetve felnőttoktatás milyen helyet kapott ebben a modellben. A magyarországi szakképzési kultúrában látható, hogy a duális gyakorlati helyekkel való együttműködést a szakképző irányítja a törvényi megfelelősségek alapján és főként a dokumentációs rendre épül. A nemzetközi kitekintésben egy piaci alapokon nyugvó együttműködési modell látható.
Plant Protection Practises and Their Impact on Environment
No full textThe world population is increasing by 81 million every year and people need more agricultural production to avoid hunger. Despite modern farming methods, where advanced technologies and new production systems such as soilless agriculture are applied, production seems far from meeting the nutritional needs of people today or in the future. Although phytopathogens, insects and weeds, which cause significant yield and quality losses in agricultural products, are struggled today, it is estimated that the total loss of crops is 36.5% in the world every year due to these pests. Plant protection practices (cultural measures, physical control, legal measures, biological control, chemical control, alternative control) are carried out against pests in order to prevent product yield and quality losses in agriculture. Among these applications, chemical control is the most effective control method against pests, the results of which can be seen in a short time. However, especially in conventional agriculture, irregular and intensive pesticide applications made to protect yield and quality with economic concerns cause environmental pollution and deterioration in soil, water resources and troposphere ecosystems. In this review, the effects of plant protection practices on non-target organisms in different ecosystems are presented
Növénykondícionálók élettani hatásának vizsgálata őszi búza nagyparcellás kísérletben
No full textOur study aimed at to test the effects of two different plant conditioners on some morphological parameters, yield and grain quality of winter wheat (Babona) in a field experiment with medium plots, and to investigate some physiological parameters closely related to yield quantity and quality at the beginning of ear emergence by in vivo field measurements. At the beginning of ear emergence we determined the relative chlorophyll content of leaves (SPAD value), moreover leaf reflectance was measured with a portable spectroradiometer to produce spectral vegetation indices that can be used to evaluate the effects of treatments on chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and water content of leaves, and to infer photochemical efficiency and stress sensitivity. The results were strongly influenced by the unfavourable rainfall distribution during the growing season. Precipitation deficit in spring significantly reduced the development of the crop stand (yield was below the national and county levels), and its effect was also observable in quality parameters (low raw protein and gluten content), but the positive effect of treatment 1 was detectable: higher yield and quality, higher plant height and ear length compared to the control. At the beginning of ear emergence, some spectral vegetation indices indicated the positive effect of treatment 1 despite the drought: chlorophyll content and photochemical activity of leaves were higher, and higher stress sensitivity and protective pigment concentration in the control.Vizsgálatunk célja az volt, hogy teszteljük két különböző növénykondícionáló készítmény hatását mezoparcellás kísérletben az őszi búza (Babona) egyes morfológiai paramétereire, termésátlagára és termésminőségére, in vivo terepi mérési módszerekkel a kalászolás kezdetén egyes élettani paramétereire, melyek szoros kapcsolatban vannak a termés mennyiségével és minőségével. Kalászolás kezdetén mértük a levelek relatív klorofill-tartalmát (SPAD-érték), illetve hordozható spektroradiometerrel mértük a levelek reflektanciáját, melyekből olyan a spektrális vegetációs indexek állíthatók elő, melyek segítségével értékelhető a kezelések hatása a levelek klorofill, karotinoid, antocián és víztartalmára, következtethetünk belőle a fotokémiai hatékonyságra és a stresszérzékenységre. Az eredményeket a vegetációs időszakra jellemző kedvezőtlen csapadékeloszlás nagymértékben befolyásolta. A tavaszi csapadékhiány jelentősen visszavetette az állomány fejlődését (a termésátlag az országos és a megyei szint alatt maradt), hatása érzékelhető volt a minőségi paraméterekben is (alacsony nyersfehérje és sikértartalom), de az 1. kezelés pozitív hatása kimutatható volt: nagyobb termésátlagot, jobb minőséget, nagyobb növénymagasságot és kalászhosszt mértünk a kontrollhoz képest. A kalászolás kezdetén egyes spektrális vegetációs indexek a szárazság ellenére is jelezték az 1. kezelés pozitív hatását: magasabb volt a levelek klorofill tartalma, illetve fotokémiai aktivitása, a kontroll esetében pedig a stresszérzékenység és a védő pigmentek mennyisége volt magasabb
Sentinel 2 műholdra alapozott felszínborítási térképezési módszertan és a városi területek vízmérlegének kiszámításában történő értékelése
No full textThis study investigates how a land cover map is produced using Sentinel 2 satellite images and how the resulting map is integrated with the calculation of hydrological parameters. Due to its capacity to deliver high-resolution spatial data, satellite imagery is increasingly being used for land cover mapping (1). The process involves several stages, including pre-processing of the Sentinel 2 imagery, image classification using machine learning algorithms, and post-processing of the classified image to generate a land cover map. The resulting land cover map is then integrated with hydrological parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil characteristics to calculate various hydrological parameters. Debrecen, north-east Hungary is the study area. This study\u27s method is suitable for usage in other cities. Understanding the relationship between land cover and water availability requires the integration of the land cover map with hydrological parameters (2). The study demonstrates the potential of using remote sensing data for hydrological studies and highlights the importance of integrating various data sources for accurate estimation of hydrological parameters. The results show that the land cover classes have a significant impact on the water balance of urban sites. This study outlines the key steps involved in creating a land cover map using Sentinel 2 satellite imagery and integrating it with hydrological parameters calculation. The application of this strategy supports sustainable water management techniques and offers insightful information about a region\u27s hydrological processes.
Ez a tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy a Sentinel 2 műholdfelvételek felhasználásával hogyan készíthető felszínborítási térkép, és ez hogyan integrálható egyes hidrológiai paraméterek kiszámításába. Mivel a műholdképek megfelelő felbontású térbeli adatokat képesek szolgáltatni, egyre gyakrabban használják őket a felszín feltérképezésére (1). A kutatás során végzett osztályozási folyamat a Sentinel 2 kép előfeldolgozásával indult, majd, a kép gépi tanulási algoritmusok segítségével történő osztályozását, valamint az osztályozott felszínborítottsági kép utófeldolgozását végeztük el. Az így kapott felszínborítottsági térképet ezután integráltuk az olyan hidrológiai paraméterekkel, mint a csapadék, a párolgás és a talaj jellemzői, a különböző hidrológiai paraméterek kiszámításához. A vizsgált terület az Magyarország észak-keleti térségében elhelyezkedő Debrecen városa volt, reprezentálva egy közepes nagyságú város példáját, amely alapján a kidolgozott módszertan más hasionló városokra is kiterjeszthetővé válhat. A felszínborítottság és a vízkészletek közötti kapcsolat megértéséhez a felszínborítottsági térkép és a hidrológiai paraméterek integrálása szükséges (2). A tanulmány bemutatja a távérzékelési adatok hidrológiai vizsgálatokban való felhasználásának lehetőségeit, és rávilágít a különböző adatforrások integrálásának fontosságára a hidrológiai paraméterek pontos becslése érdekében. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a felszínborítottság jelentős hatással van a városi területek vízháztartására. Ez a tanulmány felvázolja a Sentinel 2 műholdképek felhasználásával készült felszínborítottsági térkép kialakításának és a hidrológiai paraméterek számításával való integrálásának legfontosabb lépéseit. A kidolgozott módszertan tanulságos információkat nyújt egy városi régió hidrológiai folyamatairól és hozzájárul a fenntartható vízgazdálkodási tevékenységekhez
Investigating and ranking the factors affecting the failure of entrepreneurship development in the tourism industry
No full textThe aim of this study is to investigate and prioritize the factors that contribute to the failure of entrepreneurship development in the tourism industry in Shiraz, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The first step involved reviewing the scientific literature and consulting with experts to identify 20 factors that affect entrepreneurship development in the tourism industry, which were then grouped into five main factors. A hierarchical decision tree was created to guide the research process. The opinions of 22 experts and specialists were obtained through a paired comparison questionnaire designed specifically for the AHP method. Factors were then weighted and ranked using the AHP technique and Choice Expert software.
The findings indicate that the primary factors contributing to the lack of progress in entrepreneurial development within the tourism industry of Shiraz City can be categorized as follows: services-related factors hold the highest significance, personal and psychological factors follow closely in second place, social and cultural factors, economic policies, government laws, and financial and economic factors hold the subsequent importance levels, Furthermore, the sub-factors within each main category were assessed and ranked, leading to the formulation of practical recommendations based on these priorities.
The aim of this study is to investigate and prioritize the factors that contribute to the failure of entrepreneurship development in the tourism industry in Shiraz, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The first step involved reviewing the scientific literature and consulting with experts to identify 20 factors that affect entrepreneurship development in the tourism industry, which were then grouped into five main factors. A hierarchical decision tree was created to guide the research process. The opinions of 22 experts and specialists were obtained through a paired comparison questionnaire designed specifically for the AHP method. Factors were then weighted and ranked using the AHP technique and Choice Expert software.
The findings indicate that the primary factors contributing to the lack of progress in entrepreneurial development within the tourism industry of Shiraz City can be categorized as follows: services-related factors hold the highest significance, personal and psychological factors follow closely in second place, social and cultural factors, economic policies, government laws, and financial and economic factors hold the subsequent importance levels, Furthermore, the sub-factors within each main category were assessed and ranked, leading to the formulation of practical recommendations based on these priorities.
Investigation of local product consumption habits and their impact in the Kecskemét sub-region
No full textThe promotion of local product production and consumption is at the heart of both the European Union and Hungarian rural development agendas. In the effort to bolster the reach of small-scale producers, significant subsidies are allocated. Yet, the question of consumer preference for locally produced goods remains open.
This paper presents a primary research study aimed at deciphering consumer habits within the Kecskemét microregion. It scrutinizes the channels through which consumers acquire their everyday food products and evaluates the proportion obtained from local sources. The study also probes the degree to which various factors - price, quality, eco-friendly packaging, and production locale and methods - influence consumer buying behavior.
The central goal of this research is to provide an incisive snapshot of current purchasing trends in the Kecskemét area, thereby gauging the prevailing landscape for small-scale producers and short supply chains
A vármegyei átlagos termőföldárak eltérésének okai
No full textCurrently, there are significant differences between the average per hectare agricultural land prices of Hungarian counties. In this study, I endeavour to identify the causes of the price differentials by using a regression model. The data employed in the analysis relate to the years 2013, 2016 and 2020, and cover all of the 19 counties. The average yields of the main arable crops and the per capita GDP values of counties have a vigorous positive effect on land prices. Much like in numerous pieces of earlier research, it is demonstrated that larger average farm size also increases the price of agricultural land. Land prices are considerably higher in lowland areas with a smaller density of settlements than in otherwise similar but hilly or montainous regions, where there are more settlements. During the 2010s, agricultural land prices in Hungary grew dynamically. The rise of per capita GDP, average farm size and farm output per unit area played an important part in this, but perhaps the most consequential factor was the rise of the yields of the chief arable crops. The spectacular growth trend of average yields is attributable, above all, to the advance of agrotechnology. Since the fall of communism, Hungarian agriculture has shifted more and more towards intensive cereal production. Apparently, technological development has enhanced the profitability of cereal production relative to the other branches of agriculture, and it has thus raised the values of plots located in areas most suitable for arable farming.Napjainkban jelentős különbségek mutatkoznak a vármegyék átlagos hektáronkénti termőföldárai között. Ebben a tanulmányban egy regressziós modellel próbálom azonosítani az áreltérések okait. Az elemzéshez felhasznált adatok 2013-ból, 2016-ból és 2020-ból származnak, és mind a 19 vármegyét lefedik. A fontosabb szántóföldi növények termésátlagai és a vármegyei egy főre jutó GDP értékek erősen pozitívan hatnak a földárra. Több korábbi kutatáshoz hasonlóan itt is kimutatható, hogy a nagyobb átlagos gazdaságméret szintén növeli a termőföldárakat. Az alacsonyabb településsűrűségű, alföldi tájakon számottevően magasabbak a földárak, mint az egyéb szempontokból hasonló, de dombos vagy hegyvidéki területeken, ahol több település található. A 2010-es években Magyarországon dinamikusan emelkedtek a termőföldárak. Ebben fontos szerepe volt az egy főre jutó GDP, az átlagos gazdaságméret és a gazdaságok területegységre vetített kibocsátása növekedésének, de leginkább talán a főbb szántóföldi növények termésátlagainak emelkedése volt meghatározó. A termésátlagok látványos növekedési trendje mindenekelőtt az agrotechnika fejlődésének tulajdonítható. A rendszerváltást követően a hazai mezőgazdaság egyre inkább az intenzív gabonatermesztés irányába tolódott. A technológia fejlődése láthatólag megnövelte a gabonatermesztés jövedelmezőségét a mezőgazdaság egyéb ágaihoz képest, és ezáltal megemelte a szántóföldi termesztésre legalkalmasabb térségek földjeinek értékét
Efficiency analysis of apple and grape producers: A case study of Hungarian SMEs’ producing apples and grapes in 2021
No full textIn recent years, the world has experienced unforeseen events that have greatly affected the population and the economy. It is important to analyze how the agricultural sector has responded to these events and assess its effectiveness as its performance is always vital, in peaceful periods but even more during the highly uncertain period we have been facing these last years. In Hungary, the most significant fruit production is the cultivation of apples. The specificity of apples, compared to other fruits, is that they can be stored and consumed in their original form all year round. Over the years, however, the final use of apple production has changed, as today most of it is intended for industrial processing in Hungary. The grapes are also consumed as a fruit during a short period of the year. However, a minimal proportion of the grapes are consumed freshly, and most of it is used instead to make the products of the winery. Overall, the country\u27s apple and grape fields have been steadily decreasing over the years. The yield is fluctuating for both apples and grapes, however, the grape yield has been steadily decreasing over the past 5 years. How do these two sectors operate in 2021, one year after the start of Covid-19? This research aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the apple and grape growing sector and then to specifically analyze the financial efficiency of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises operating in those two sectors in 2021.In recent years, the world has experienced unforeseen events that have greatly affected the population and the economy. It is important to analyze how the agricultural sector has responded to these events and assess its effectiveness as its performance is always vital, in peaceful periods but even more during the highly uncertain period we have been facing these last years. In Hungary, the most significant fruit production is the cultivation of apples. The specificity of apples, compared to other fruits, is that they can be stored and consumed in their original form all year round. Over the years, however, the final use of apple production has changed, as today most of it is intended for industrial processing in Hungary. The grapes are also consumed as a fruit during a short period of the year. However, a minimal proportion of the grapes are consumed freshly, and most of it is used instead to make the products of the winery. Overall, the country\u27s apple and grape fields have been steadily decreasing over the years. The yield is fluctuating for both apples and grapes, however, the grape yield has been steadily decreasing over the past 5 years. How do these two sectors operate in 2021, one year after the start of Covid-19? This research aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the apple and grape growing sector and then to specifically analyze the financial efficiency of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises operating in those two sectors in 2021