MATE Journals (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences)
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Unleashing the Power of Psychological Capital: A Catalyst for Enhanced Work Performance in the Post-COVID Landscape via Job Satisfaction Mediation
No full textIn the post-pandemic landscape of Indonesia\u27s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector, our study delves into the intricate dynamics of employee work performance. We focus on Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and its impact on Individual Work Performance (IWP), comprising Task Performance (TP), Contextual Performance (CP), and Counter-Productive Work Behavior (CPWB), with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of Job Satisfaction (JS). We conducted our research with a diverse sample of 345 participants drawn from various SME sectors, providing a comprehensive insight into employees\u27 behavior across industries. Our analysis utilized the AMOS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results illuminated a positive correlation between PsyCap and IWP in terms of Task Performance (TP) and Job Satisfaction (JS). However, no significant relationship was found between PsyCap and Contextual Performance (CP) or Counterproductive Work Behavior (CPWB). Furthermore, our study unveiled the mediation role of Job Satisfaction (JS) in these relationships. JS was found to partially mediate the connection between PsyCap and IWP-TP, while it fully mediated the link between PsyCap and IWP-CP. However, Job Satisfaction (JS) did not mediate the relationship between PsyCap and IWP-CPWB. These findings underscore the significance of nurturing Psychological Capital (PsyCap) to enhance Task Performance, Contextual Performance, and Job Satisfaction among employees. We recommend future investigations to explore PsyCap development further, considering variables like demographics and social capital, as they could hold the key to optimizing employee performance in SMEs.In the post-pandemic landscape of Indonesia\u27s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector, our study delves into the intricate dynamics of employee work performance. We focus on Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and its impact on Individual Work Performance (IWP), comprising Task Performance (TP), Contextual Performance (CP), and Counter-Productive Work Behavior (CPWB), with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of Job Satisfaction (JS). We conducted our research with a diverse sample of 345 participants drawn from various SME sectors, providing a comprehensive insight into employees\u27 behavior across industries. Our analysis utilized the AMOS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results illuminated a positive correlation between PsyCap and IWP in terms of Task Performance (TP) and Job Satisfaction (JS). However, no significant relationship was found between PsyCap and Contextual Performance (CP) or Counterproductive Work Behavior (CPWB). Furthermore, our study unveiled the mediation role of Job Satisfaction (JS) in these relationships. JS was found to partially mediate the connection between PsyCap and IWP-TP, while it fully mediated the link between PsyCap and IWP-CP. However, Job Satisfaction (JS) did not mediate the relationship between PsyCap and IWP-CPWB. These findings underscore the significance of nurturing Psychological Capital (PsyCap) to enhance Task Performance, Contextual Performance, and Job Satisfaction among employees. We recommend future investigations to explore PsyCap development further, considering variables like demographics and social capital, as they could hold the key to optimizing employee performance in SMEs
Financial Performance of Tourism Companies in Romania
No full textThe study presents and analyses the performance of NACE 5510 (Hotels and other accommodation services) for the period of 2018-2022. Due to the specificities of the sector, the measurement can be done from several perspectives, in this research we will first look at the sector-specific indicators, followed by the financial analysis. In real terms, the sector will have caught up with 2018 in terms of turnover by 2022, but will not have yet reached 2019 levels, as can be forecasted on the basis of the number of overnight stays. This result is due to the importance of domestic tourism.
Due to the inhomogeneity identified in the basic statistical analysis, the companies’ financial analysis is discussed at cluster level, using the EMIS database (N=791). Clusters are based on five-year averages of ROA, ROE, ROS profitability ratios. The results distinguish seven clusters that are statistically significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis test), which can be classified into three groups based on pairwise comparisons (Dunn test) as good, medium and relatively poor performers.The study presents and analyses the performance of NACE 5510 (Hotels and other accommodation services) for the period of 2018-2022. Due to the specificities of the sector, the measurement can be done from several perspectives, in this research we will first look at the sector-specific indicators, followed by the financial analysis. In real terms, the sector will have caught up with 2018 in terms of turnover by 2022, but will not have yet reached 2019 levels, as can be forecasted on the basis of the number of overnight stays. This result is due to the importance of domestic tourism.
Due to the inhomogeneity identified in the basic statistical analysis, the companies’ financial analysis is discussed at cluster level, using the EMIS database (N=791). Clusters are based on five-year averages of ROA, ROE, ROS profitability ratios. The results distinguish seven clusters that are statistically significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis test), which can be classified into three groups based on pairwise comparisons (Dunn test) as good, medium and relatively poor performers
The Economics of Dairy Production
No full textFarm profitability is influenced by financial, real estate, macroeconomic variables, and industry-specific factors. Gross profit in dairy farming, determined by marketed milk and variable costs, reflects the difference between milk revenue and production costs. Effective management requires continuous assessment of each animal\u27s performance to improve herd productivity and economic efficiency. Benchmarks are essential for decision-making and project management, significantly impacting profitability. Farmers can increase profitability by reducing costs or boosting milk production, requiring thorough economic analysis. Effective strategies include cost minimization, asset utilization, milk marketing, and production expansion. Larger farms benefit from economies of scale, while small farmers must innovate to remain competitive. Net profit, or profit per cow, is a key profitability metric. Effective feeding management and constant awareness of feed and milk prices are crucial. Tracking gross milk income and feed costs provides a more accurate measure of profitability. Various metrics like accounting profit, net farm income, and return on assets (ROA) offer insights into farm financial success, with ROA being useful for comparing different-sized farms. Dairy farm profitability relies on a multifaceted approach, including animal performance monitoring, cost management, and market responsiveness. Leveraging technological advancements and efficient management practices enhances profitability and ensures sustainability.Farm profitability is influenced by financial, real estate, macroeconomic variables, and industry-specific factors. Gross profit in dairy farming, determined by marketed milk and variable costs, reflects the difference between milk revenue and production costs. Effective management requires continuous assessment of each animal\u27s performance to improve herd productivity and economic efficiency. Benchmarks are essential for decision-making and project management, significantly impacting profitability. Farmers can increase profitability by reducing costs or boosting milk production, requiring thorough economic analysis. Effective strategies include cost minimization, asset utilization, milk marketing, and production expansion. Larger farms benefit from economies of scale, while small farmers must innovate to remain competitive. Net profit, or profit per cow, is a key profitability metric. Effective feeding management and constant awareness of feed and milk prices are crucial. Tracking gross milk income and feed costs provides a more accurate measure of profitability. Various metrics like accounting profit, net farm income, and return on assets (ROA) offer insights into farm financial success, with ROA being useful for comparing different-sized farms. Dairy farm profitability relies on a multifaceted approach, including animal performance monitoring, cost management, and market responsiveness. Leveraging technological advancements and efficient management practices enhances profitability and ensures sustainability
Bibliometric Analysis of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in European Rural Communities
No full textClimate change presents significant challenges for European rural communities, necessitating robust adaptation strategies to enhance resilience and support sustainable development. This study employs a bibliometric analysis to map the academic landscape surrounding climate change adaptation strategies in European rural areas, identifying key research trends, influential studies, and thematic shifts over time. Using tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, the study analyses a dataset comprising 291 documents from 158 sources published between 2005 and 2025. The findings reveal key research clusters, country-wise production, total citation per country, prominent journals, and major contributing institutions, highlighting the increasing academic focus on adaptation strategies. The study also examines co-occurrence patterns of keywords, shedding light on dominant themes such as community-based adaptation, resilience, governance, and policy frameworks. Furthermore, it identifies critical research gaps and underscores the importance of integrating policy measures with localized, participatory solutions. By bridging scientific insights with practical applications, this research provides valuable contributions to policymakers, practitioners, and scholars engaged in rural sustainability and climate adaptation efforts.Climate change presents significant challenges for European rural communities, necessitating robust adaptation strategies to enhance resilience and support sustainable development. This study employs a bibliometric analysis to map the academic landscape surrounding climate change adaptation strategies in European rural areas, identifying key research trends, influential studies, and thematic shifts over time. Using tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, the study analyses a dataset comprising 291 documents from 158 sources published between 2005 and 2025. The findings reveal key research clusters, country-wise production, total citation per country, prominent journals, and major contributing institutions, highlighting the increasing academic focus on adaptation strategies. The study also examines co-occurrence patterns of keywords, shedding light on dominant themes such as community-based adaptation, resilience, governance, and policy frameworks. Furthermore, it identifies critical research gaps and underscores the importance of integrating policy measures with localized, participatory solutions. By bridging scientific insights with practical applications, this research provides valuable contributions to policymakers, practitioners, and scholars engaged in rural sustainability and climate adaptation efforts
Smooth muscle electromyographic measurements with pigs in a stress model
No full textStress adversely affects physiological processes in animals, including gastrointestinal motility, potentially reducing digestion efficiency. Electromyography (EMG) is a suitable method for monitoring smooth muscle activity, allowing separate measurements of the heart and digestive organs (stomach, small intestine, large intestine). This study aimed to investigate whether stress alters the smooth muscle activity of the digestive tract using electromyographic measurements. We conducted the experiment on Topigs x Duroc barrows (n = 4), weighing 30 kg. Stress induction was performed with a single intravenous ACTH injection (10 µg/kg), which dose corresponds to a mild stress effect. Electromyographic signals were continuously recorded for 8 hours both in control and stress conditions. The measurements were divided into 30-minute intervals, and the smooth muscle electric potential (mV) was determined for each organ. Statistical comparisons between control and stress-induced states were made using paired Student\u27s t-test. The results revealed a post-stress reduction in smooth muscle activity across all organs. The decrease was statistically significant in the small and large intestine, while in the stomach, reduced activity was observed 5 hours after stress induction. In conclusion, even mild stress decreases the smooth muscle activity of digestive organs, reducing gastrointestinal motility and potentially impairing digestion efficiency.Stress adversely affects physiological processes in animals, including gastrointestinal motility, potentially reducing digestion efficiency. Electromyography (EMG) is a suitable method for monitoring smooth muscle activity, allowing separate measurements of the heart and digestive organs (stomach, small intestine, large intestine). This study aimed to investigate whether stress alters the smooth muscle activity of the digestive tract using electromyographic measurements. We conducted the experiment on Topigs x Duroc barrows (n = 4), weighing 30 kg. Stress induction was performed with a single intravenous ACTH injection (10 µg/kg), which dose corresponds to a mild stress effect. Electromyographic signals were continuously recorded for 8 hours both in control and stress conditions. The measurements were divided into 30-minute intervals, and the smooth muscle electric potential (mV) was determined for each organ. Statistical comparisons between control and stress-induced states were made using paired Student\u27s t-test. The results revealed a post-stress reduction in smooth muscle activity across all organs. The decrease was statistically significant in the small and large intestine, while in the stomach, reduced activity was observed 5 hours after stress induction. In conclusion, even mild stress decreases the smooth muscle activity of digestive organs, reducing gastrointestinal motility and potentially impairing digestion efficiency
Integration of duckweed (Lemna minor) as a biological filter in the larval rearing technology of hybrid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus x Heterobranchus longifilis)
No full textAz emberiség állati-fehérje szükségletének kielégítésére az akvakultúrás termelés adhat megoldást. A Clarias gariepinus és a Heterobranchus longifilis harcsafajok keresztezésével előállított Heteroclarias jó növekedési eréllyel, magas technológiai és környezeti tűrőképességgel rendelkező fajhibrid. A hibridben rejlő genetikai potenciál kihasználásának érdekében intenzív takarmányozást igényel, így nevelése nagy környezeti terhelést jelenthet. Kísérletünk célja ezért az volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk, milyen hatással van az apró békalencse (Lemna minor), mint biológiai szűrő integrálása egy intenzív haltermelő rendszer vízminőségi paramétereire. Kísérletünkben két turnusban állítottunk elő Heteroclarias ivadékot félüzemi körülmények között 15 köbméteres víztérfogatú recirkulációs rendszerben (RAS). Az első turnus volt a kontroll (K), a második turnusban pedig a rendszerbe biológiai szűrőként integráltuk a Lemna minor békalencse fajt (BL). A békalencse biofilterként történő alkalmazása nem befolyásolta a halak termelési paramétereit. A vízminőségi paraméterek vizsgálata ugyanakkor azt mutatta, hogy a békalencse alkalmazása csökkentette a rendszervíz átlagos ammónia ((K) 1,26 mg/l és (BL) 0,29 mg/l) és nitrit ((K) 1,81 mg/l; (BL) 0,17 mg/l) koncentrációját a kontroll csoporthoz képest. Ennek eredményeként jelentősen csökkent a megfelelő vízminőség fenntartása érdekében végrehajtott vízcserék száma, amely nemcsak gazdasági előnyt jelent, de fenntarthatóbbá is teszi az ivadéknevelés folyamatát is.Aquaculture can provide the solution to meet humanity\u27s animal protein needs. Heteroclarias, produced by crossing the catfish species Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus longifilis, is a hybrid species with good growth parameters and high technological and environmental tolerance. To exploit the genetic potential of the hybrid, intensive feeding is required, therefore rearing can have a negative impact on the environment. The aim of our experiment was to investigate the impact of the integration of Lemna minor as a biological filter on the water quality parameters of an intensive fish production system. In our experiments, we produced Heteroclarias fry in two cycles under semi-farm conditions in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with a water volume of 15 m3 in the first cycle as control (K), and in the second cycle, we integrated Lemna minor (BL) as a biofilter. The use of the duckweed as a biofilter did not affect the production parameters of the fish. However, the analysis of water quality parameters showed that the use of duckweed reduced the average ammonia ((K) 1.26 ± 0.64 mg/l and (BL) 0.29 ± 0.29 mg/l) and nitrite ((K) 1.81 ± 1.39 mg/l; (BL) 0.17 ± 0.22 mg/l) concentrations in the system water compared to the control group. As a result, the number of water exchanges to maintain good water quality was significantly reduced, providing an economic benefit and making the rearing process more sustainable
A zöld infrastruktúra fejlődése a városi metabolizmus szemszögéből: Nyugat-európai megújítási projektek összehasonlítása
No full textExploring the Evolution of Green Infrastructure from an Urban Metabolic Perspective: Af Comparative Study within Western Europe. With the Gasometer in Vienna and De Ceuvel in Amsterdam as case studies, this research investigates the transformative potential of green infrastructure in adaptive reuse urban projects separated by 15 to 20 years. Employing a flow analysis methodology, this study examines the utilization and impact of green infrastructure elements, such as green roofs, farming, aquaponics, and phytoremediation techniques, on urban metabolic flows. The findings reveal a significant evolution in sustainable practices, characterized by a shift towards utilizing existing resources to enhance soil quality and minimize waste generation. Through strategic integration of green infrastructure, these projects demonstrate a holistic approach to urban development, emphasizing circularity and resource efficiency. The comparative analysis underscores the importance of learning from past endeavors to inform future sustainable urban initiatives, highlighting the role of green infrastructure in fostering resilient and regenerative urban ecosystems.A tanulmány a zöld infrastruktúra adaptív újrahasznosításának fejlődését vizsgálja városi metabolikus szemléletmódból, nyomon követve a zöld infrastruktúra transzformatív gyakorlatait a közelmúlt jelentős adaptív újrahasznosítási projektjeiben. A 20. század végétől napjainkig terjedő projektek sorának elemzésével a kutatás feltárja a zöld infrastruktúra elemek – mint például a bióta, az energia- és a vízáramlások – integrációjában bekövetkező változásokat. Rámutat a korai fenntartható gyakorlatoktól a körforgásos gazdasági modellek felé történő elmozdulásra, amelyek a városi metabolizmus keretrendszeréhez kötődnek, ahogyan azt a közelmúltbeli projektek, például a De Ceuvel és a Schoonschip is példázzák. A projektek elemzésével a tanulmány értékeli ezeknek az elemeknek a városi metabolikus áramlásokra gyakorolt számszerűsíthető hatását, olyan indikátorok bemutatásával, mint a biodiverzitás, az energia- és vízhatékonyság. Az eredmények kiemelik az adaptív újrahasznosítás általános fenntarthatósági céloktól a komplex városi metabolikus stratégiák felé történő felgyorsult elmozdulását, hangsúlyozva a körforgásosság, az erőforrás-hatékonyság és a közösségi részvétel szerepét a közelmúlt projektjeiben. Ez a fejlődés a városi reziliencia kifinomultabb megközelítését jelzi, bemutatva, hogy a robusztus városi metabolizmus modellek milyen mértékben növelhetik az adaptív újrahasznosítás-projektek alkalmazkodóképességét és ökológiai értékét
A termőhely földrajzi paramétereinek meghatározó szerepe szántóföldi növényfajok aszályindexének alakulásában Magyarországon
No full textGrowth and development of field crops is highly influenced by the water availability of the crop site. In an assessment study at the MATE University, the magnitude of aridity in relation with the geographic location of the crop site has been evaluated. Six field crop species (Sugar beet Beta vulgaris, winter barley Hordeum vulgare, winter wheat Triticum aestivum, maize Zea mays, potato Solanum tuberosum, and alfalfa Medicago sativa) were involved in the research. Data bases of twelve meteorological stations (Békéscsaba, Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Mosonmagyaróvár, Nagykanizsa, Nyíregyháza, Pécs, Siófok, Szeged, Szolnok, Szombathely) representing major geographic areas of Hungary were used in the evaluation. PAI indices of the stations involved were combined with vulnerability indices of the field crops studied. Upon the results of the study cereals proved to be the most tolerant, while potato and maize were highly influenced by aridity x vulnerability interactions. Considerable impact could be seen in the case of alfalfa and sugar beet. The geographic altitude of the crop site was in negative correlation with the magnitude of drought indices.A szántóföldi növények növekedésében és fejlődésében döntő szerepe van a termőhely vízellátottságának. A MATE növénytermesztési kutatásaiban vizsgálták a termesztett növényfajok és a termőhely földrajzi paraméterei által meghatározott ariditási értékek összefüggését. Hat növényfaj (cukorrépa Beta vulgaris, őszi árpa Hordeum vulgare, őszi búza Triticum aestivum, kukorica Zea mays, burgonya Solanum tuberosum, és lucerna Medicago sativa) termesztési paramétereit elemezték tizenkét termőhely (Békéscsaba, Budapest, Debrecen, Miskolc, Mosonmagyaróvár, Nagykanizsa, Nyíregyháza, Pécs, Siófok, Szeged, Szolnok, Szombathely) meteorológiai állomásainak adatbázisán. A vizsgálat során az aszályindexek (PAI), illetve a sérülékenységi indexek (VI) kölcsönhatásait tanulmányozták. A kapott eredmények alapján igazolható volt, hogy a kalászos gabonák aszálytűró képessége volt a legnagyobb, a kukoricáé és a burgonyáé pedig a legkisebb. A lucerna és a cukorrépa vízellátottsági kitettsége is jelentős volt. A termőhely földrajzi paraméterei közül a tengerszint feletti magasság az aszályindexekkel negatív korrelációt mutatott
A növényi védekezőképesség fokozása egy természetes eredetű vegyülettel
No full textTrópusi eredetéből kifolyólag, a kukorica különösen érzékeny a hidegstressz által okozott károsodásra, amely képes csökkenteni a terméshozamot. Természetes eredetű vegyületek használata növelheti a hideggel és más stresszorokkal szembeni toleranciát. Ilyen fontos stresszvédő vegyületek az S-metilmetionin (SMM) és a szalicilsav (SA). A két hatóanyagot kombináltuk 1:1 arányban, remélve, hogy az új vegyület, az S-metilmetionin-szalicilát (MMS) ötvözi a kiindulási komponensek tulajdonságait. Az MMS hatását hidegstressznek kitett kukorica csíranövényeken vizsgáltuk. A változásokat több szinten detektáltuk: fiziológiai szinten a PSII kvantumhatékonyságát és antioxidáns enzimek aktivitását; génexpressziós szinten a fenilpropanoid útvonalon jelenlévő enzimek kifejeződését; metabolit szinten a fenilpropanoid útvonalon keletkező, stresszvédelemben jelentős szerepet betöltő fenoloidok és antociánok mennyiségét.Maize, due to its tropical origin, is sensitive to cold temperatures. Chilling stress can damage metabolic processes and limit the productivity. Naturally occurring compounds are able to increase the tolerance against cold and other stresses. Such important stress protective compounds are S-methylmethionine (SMM) and salicylic acid (SA). We combined the active agents in 1:1 ratio, hoping the new compound; the S-methylmethionine-salicylate (MMS) is even more effective. We examined the protective effect of MMS in cold-stressed maize. We detected the changes at multiple levels: at physiological level we monitored the PSII functionality and activity of antioxidant enzymes; at the level of gene expression we followed the changes in gene expression of the enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathway; at metabolic level we measured the amount of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins
Transforming from 2D to 3D: A Review of Urban Green Space Visualization and Analysis Methods at Different Scales
No full textWith the development of city information modeling, digital twins, and smart cities, traditional 2D-based urban planning progress is now being transformed into 3D panoramic spatial planning. Current urban green space modeling and analysis methods largely rely on 2D landscape patterns and indicators, which cannot express the vertical characteristics of green spaces. This study reviews the commonly used methods for modeling green spaces in 3D environments and analyzes their applicability. Three case studies at different scales – regional, community, and site – are discussed, and an automated modeling and analysis process for each case study based on deep learning and parametric modeling tools is then constructed. The three case studies include the estimation of national-scale 3Dvegetation volume using GEDI for different cities in China, the construction of voxel models for green spaces in a middle school campus based on LiDAR point cloud data, and the application of L-system generative algorithms for simulating and predicting tree growth in the dormitory area. The proposed 3D green space modeling and analysis methods could support green space’s 3D modeling and analysis needs at different scales.A városi információs modellezés, valamint az intelligensvárosok fejlődésével a hagyományos 2D-alapú városterve-zési folyamat napjainkban 3D-s panorámás, térbeli terve-zéssé alakul át. A jelenlegi városi zöldterületek modelle-zési és elemzési módszerei nagyrészt 2D-s tájmintákra ésmutatókra támaszkodnak, amelyek nem képesek kifejeznia zöldterületek vertikális jellemzőit. Jelen tanulmány átte-kinti a zöldterületek 3D környezetben történő modellezé-sére általánosan használt módszereket, és elemzi alkal-mazhatóságukat. Három különböző léptékű – térségi, tele-pülési és objektum szintű - esettanulmányt tárgyal, majdmélytanuláson és parametrikus modellezési eszközökönalapuló automatizált modellezési és elemzési eljárást építfel mindegyikhez. A három esettanulmány a következőmódszereket veszi sorra: országos léptékű 3D vegetációstérfogat becslése a GEDI segítségével Kína különbözővárosaira, voxel-modellek építése LiDAR pontfelhőadatokalapján egy középiskolai campus zöldfelületeire, vala-mint L-rendszer generatív algoritmusok alkalmazása a fáknövekedésének szimulálására és előrejelzésére egy kol-légiumi területen. A javasolt 3D zöldterületi modellezésiés elemzési módszerek támogathatják a zöldterületek észöldfelületek 3D modellezési és elemzési igényeit külön-böző léptékekben