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AKTUALIZACIJA UČNEGA E-OKOLJA SLOVENŠČINA NA DLANI
No full textPoročilo o aktualizaciji učnega e-okolja Slovenščina na dlani
Navigating Criminal Liability in an Era Of AI-Assisted Medicine
Full text linkThis paper explores the interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) and criminal liability within the healthcare sector, particularly in the context of medical malpractice. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, the study evaluates current legal frameworks and their adequacy in addressing liability for errors involving AI-driven medical systems. Through an analysis of legal theory, case studies, and technological integration, the research highlights the complexities of assigning liability when errors arise from AI-assisted medical decision-making. The methodology includes a comparative legal analysis and a detailed examination of a real-world case involving AI-related treatment errors. Findings reveal that while existing legal frameworks are sufficient for holding humans accountable under the standard of care, they struggle with the unique challenges posed by AI\u27s "black-box" nature. The study argues that further refinement of liability models is necessary, especially as AI systems gain greater autonomy. The paper concludes by offering a roadmap for balancing innovation in AI with the imperative to protect patient rights, emphasizing that liability frameworks must evolve in tandem with technological advancements
Razvoj in predhodna validacija vprašalnika o aktivnem državljanstvu: nizozemsko-flamska in grška različica
Full text linkThis study aimed to develop a questionnaire for assessing teachers’ practices, teaching knowledge, and school practices related to active citizenship in a cross-national study. The first draft of the Active Citizen Compass (ACC) questionnaire in English was examined by an expert panel. The questionnaire was translated into Dutch and Greek, and tested for ambiguity, clarity, and user friendliness. Thereafter, the Dutch-Flemish and Greek versions were pilot tested on 54 teachers from Flanders and 63 teachers from Greece. Reliability and validity evidence indicates the ACC scales in Dutch and Greek are a reliable and valid measure of active citizenship in schools.Namen študije je bil razviti vprašalnik za ocenjevanje učiteljevih praks, pedagoškega znanja in šolskih praks, povezanih z aktivnim državljanstvom, v meddržavni študiji. Prvi osnutek vprašalnika o aktivnem državljanstvu (angl. Active Citizen Compass – ACC) v angleščini je pregledala skupina strokovnjakov. Vprašalnik je bil preveden v nizozemščino in grščino ter preizkušen glede dvoumnosti, jasnosti in prijaznosti do uporabnika. Nato sta bili nizozemsko-flamska in grška različica pilotno testirani pri 54 učiteljih iz Flandrije in 63 učiteljih iz Grčije. Podatki o zanesljivosti in veljavnosti kažejo, da sta lestvici ACC v nizozemščini in grščini zanesljivo in veljavno merilo aktivnega državljanstva v šolah
Novo polistohastično statistično sklepanje v družboslovju – Določitev novih pravil in mejnih vrednosti
Full text linkThe Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) framework has sparked considerable debate within the scientific community, leading to numerous studies advocating for a re-evaluation of the current system. New polystochastic statistical inference defines methods of statistical inference that integrate rules and thresholds for both rejecting the null hypothesis and confirming the alternative hypothesis. This approach unifies the control of respondents\u27 influence on statistical significance and introduces criteria such as effect size and Bayesian inference for confirming the alternative hypothesis. Unlike NHST, polystochastic statistical inference controls Type I error (p-value) and aims to optimize the confirmation of evidence without increasing the risk of Type II errors.Okvir testiranja pomembnosti ničelne hipoteze (angl. Null Hypothesis Significance Testing – NHST) je sprožil precejšnjo razpravo v znanstveni skupnosti. To je vodilo do številnih študij, ki zagovarjajo ponovno oceno sedanjega sistema. Novo polistohastično statistično sklepanje definira metode statističnega sklepanja, ki združujejo pravila in pragove tako za zavračanje ničelne hipoteze kot za potrditev alternativne hipoteze. Ta pristop poenoti nadzor nad vplivom anketirancev na statistično pomembnost in uvede merila, kot sta velikost učinka in Bayesov sklep za potrditev alternativne hipoteze. Za razliko od NHST polistohastično statistično sklepanje nadzoruje napako tipa I (p-vrednost) in želi optimizirati potrditev dokazov brez povečanja tveganja napak tipa II
The Adverse Impacts of a Single Exposure to the Fungicide Picoxystrobin during the Larval Stage on Africanized Apis mellifera
Full text linkPesticide use remains a problem in agriculture, contaminating natural ecosystems and affecting bees. Fungicides have been widely used worldwide, and honey bees can bring contaminated pollen and nectar to the colony, exposing the larvae. Studies on larval exposure to fungicides are still rare. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of larval exposure to the fungicide picoxystrobin on biological parameters and cellular stress in the fat body. The larvae were single exposure on the fourth day (D4) to picoxystrobin at concentrations of 5 ng a.i./μL (PCX5), 45 ng a.i./μL (PCX45), 135 ng a.i./μL (PCX135), and 400 ng a.i./μL (PCX400). The effects on larval and pupal mortality, pupation rate, and emergence were evaluated. Additionally, cellular stress in the fat body was assessed in newly emerged bees. Exposure to PCX400 increased larval mortality by 26% and reduced the emergence of adult bees. The other concentrations did not affect larval and pupal mortality, or pupation and emergence rates. A cytotoxicity effect was observed in newly emerged bees from PCX400, indicated by positive immunolabeling of HSP70. Thus, a single exposure to picoxystrobin can impair larval development, induce a cellular stress response, and may interfere with colony dynamics.Škodljivi učinki enkratne izpostavljenosti ličink afrikanizirane čebele (Apis mellifera) fungicidu pikoksistrobin. Uporaba pesticidov ostaja problem v kmetijstvu, saj onesnažuje naravne ekosisteme in vpliva na čebele. Fungicidi se pogosto uporabljajo po vsem svetu, medonosne čebele pa lahko v svojo čebeljo družino prinesejo kontaminiran cvetni prah in nektar ki vpliva na razvoj ličink. Študije o izpostavljenosti ličink fungicidom so še redke. Zato je bilo to delo namenjeno oceni učinkov izpostavljenosti ličink fungicidu pikoksistrobin na biološke parametre in celični stres v maščobnem telesu. Ličinke so bile četrti dan (D4) enkrat izpostavljene pikoksistrobinu pri koncentracijah 5 ng a.i./μL (PCX5), 45 ng a.i./μL (PCX45), 135 ng a.i./μL (PCX135) in 400 ng a.i./μL (PCX400). Ocenjeni so bili učinki na umrljivost ličink in bub, ter učinki na stopnjo zabubljenja in izleganja. Poleg tega je bil pri na novo izleženih čebelah ocenjen celični stres v maščobnem telesu. Izpostavljenost PCX400 je povečala smrtnost ličink za 26 % in zmanjšala stopnjo izleganja čebel. Druge koncentracije niso vplivale na umrljivost ličink in bub ali na stopnje zabubljenja in izleganja čebel. Učinek citotoksičnosti je bil ugotovljen v novo izleženih čebelah, tretiranih s PCX400, na kar kaže pozitivni imunski test na HSP70. Enkratna izpostavljenost pikoksistrobinu vpliva na slabši razvoj ličink, povzroči celični stresni odziv in potencialno moti dinamiko razvoja čebelje družine
VPLIV NEURAVNOTEŽENEGA TOKA V ELEKTRIČNIH ZBIRALKAH NA PORAZDELITEV MAGNETNEGA POLJA
Full text linkThe analysis of magnetic field and current density distribution in the case of a three phase bus bar system with a current of 500 A is presented in this paper. The impact is investigated of the position of the neutral conductor on the magnetic field and current density distribution. The main goal of the calculations was to find the position of the neutral conductor which produces the lowest magnetic field and current density in the case of current unbalance. The numerical calculations were performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics program package on a simplified 2D model. The calculation results are presented graphically, as the diagrams of the magnetic flux and current density magnitude distribution in the three-phase bus bar system plane, are perpendicular to the system’s axis. The obtained results show that, in both cases, (current balance and current unbalance), the position of the neutral conductor influences the magnetic flux density distribution.V prispevku je predstavljena analiza porazdelitve magnetnega polja in gostote toka v primeru trifaznega zbiralnega sistema s tokom 500 A. Raziskuje se vpliv položaja nevtralnega vodnika na magnetno polje in porazdelitev gostote toka. Glavni cilj izračunov je bil najti položaj nevtralnega vodnika, ki proizvaja najmanjše magnetno polje in gostoto toka v primeru tokovne neuravnoteženosti. Numerični izračuni so bili izvedeni v programskem paketu COMSOL Multiphysics na poenostavljenem 2D-modelu. Rezultati izračuna so predstavljeni grafično kot diagrami porazdelitve magnitude magnetnega pretoka in gostote toka v ravnini trifaznega sistema zbiralk, pravokotni na os sistema. Dobljeni rezultati kažejo, da v obeh primerih (tokovno ravnotežje in tokovno neuravnoteženost) položaj nevtralnega vodnika vpliva na porazdelitev gostote magnetnega pretoka
OBRAVNAVANJE IZZIVOV PRI UVEDBI SISTEMOV ZA SHRANJEVANJE ENERGIJE IZ OBNOVLJIVIH VIROV V SISTEME ZA IZKORIŠČANJE ENERGIJE
No full textThe transition to sustainable energy sources is integral to addressing climate change and ensuring long-term environmental resilience. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) play a pivotal role in this transition, by mitigating the intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. However, the widespread deployment of BESS faces significant challenges, including high implementation costs, environmental impacts, grid stability concerns and battery lifecycle management issues. This paper investigates these challenges systematically through a comprehensive literature review methodology, synthesising insights from peerreviewed articles, conference proceedings and technical reports. Common themes and recurring challenges related to BESS implementation are identified and categorised, encompassing technical, economic, regulatory and environmental factors. Furthermore, the effective mitigation strategies and solutions proposed in the literature are analysed and evaluated for their feasibility and applicability. The findings underscore the importance of innovative approaches, such as second-hand battery modules, sustainable production practices, the implementation of advanced operational strategies, and predictive maintenance algorithms, in enhancing the feasibility and efficacy of BESS integration. Additionally, policy incentives and collaborative efforts with utilities and grid operators are highlighted as crucial for promoting grid resilience and reliability. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the complexities inherent in advancing sustainable energy infrastructures, and provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to address the challenges of BESS deployment in renewable energy utilisation systems.Prehod na trajnostne vire energije je sestavni del obravnave podnebnih sprememb in zagotavljanja dolgoročne okoljske odpornosti. Sistemi za shranjevanje energije iz baterij (BESS) igrajo ključno vlogo pri tem prehodu, saj zmanjšujejo prekinitve obnovljivih virov energije, kot sta vetrna in sončna energija. Vendar pa se široka uvedba BESS sooča s precejšnjimi izzivi, vključno z visokimi stroški izvajanja, vplivi na okolje, pomisleki glede stabilnosti omrežja in vprašanji upravljanja življenjskega cikla baterije. Ta članek sistematično raziskuje te izzive s pomočjo obsežne metodologije pregleda literature, ki združuje vpoglede iz strokovno pregledanih člankov, zbornikov konferenc in tehničnih poročil. Skupne teme in ponavljajoči se izzivi, povezani z izvajanjem BESS, so opredeljeni in kategorizirani, kar vključuje tehnične, ekonomske, regulativne in okoljske dejavnike. Poleg tega so učinkovite strategije za ublažitev in rešitve, predlagane v literaturi, analizirane in ovrednotene glede na njihovo izvedljivost in uporabnost. Ugotovitve poudarjajo pomen inovativnih pristopov, kot so rabljeni baterijski moduli, trajnostne proizvodne prakse, izvajanje naprednih operativnih strategij in algoritmov za napovedno vzdrževanje, pri izboljšanju izvedljivosti in učinkovitosti integracije BESS. Poleg tega so politične spodbude in sodelovanje z javnimi podjetji in upravljavci omrežij poudarjeni kot ključni za spodbujanje odpornosti in zanesljivosti omrežja. Ta raziskava prispeva k natančnemu razumevanju zapletenosti, ki je neločljivo povezana z napredovanjem trajnostnih energetskih infrastruktur, in zagotavlja dragocene vpoglede za oblikovalce politik, zainteresirane strani v industriji in raziskovalce, ki želijo obravnavati izzive uvajanja BESS v sistemih za uporabo obnovljive energije
VPLIV FFA NA MERITEV FW PRETOKA V NEK
Full text linkThe Krško Nuclear Power Plant (NEK) operates based on a Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR), which utilises three loops for heat transfer: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Heat generation occurs in the primary loop; steam production takes place in the secondary loop; and waste heat is discharged in the tertiary loop. During outages, which occur every 18 months, the secondary systems are exposed to the atmosphere, increasing the risk of corrosion. To prevent this, in 2021, the plant used a chemical solution, Film Forming Amine (FFA), which formed a protective hydrophobic layer on the inner surfaces of the pipelines.
In March 2021, during the first use of FFA, deviations were observed in the main feedwater (FW) flow measurements. This affected the reactor power calculations, leading to a 0.4–0.5 % reduction in plant output (approximately 4 MWe). The main feedwater flow is a critical parameter for secondary calorimetric calculations, and has the largest impact on error in the event of deviations.
The power reduction was confirmed by comparing various process parameters, including changes in the primary loop temperature differences (ΔT), main steam flow (MS), and generator output vs. condenser vacuum. Since the measurement of the main feedwater flow contributes the most to the uncertainty of primary flow and reactor calorimetric calculations, NEK is focused on improving its accuracy.
Developing a numerical model in the computer-based programming environment is proposed as part of further research. This model would enable independent calculations of the main feedwater flow, to reduce the impact of the FFA chemicals on the measurement readout and its associated calculations. The model will be based on thermodynamic equations and algorithms for determining the flow with lower uncertainty than the current system. Using this model, correction factors should be obtained to adjust the current venturi meter readings. Ultimately, this approach will ensure better plant management, reduce energy losses, and increase revenues for NEK and its stakeholders.Nuklearna elektrarna Krško (NEK) deluje na podlagi tlačnovodnega reaktorja (PWR), ki uporablja tri kroge za prenos toplote: primarni, sekundarni in terciarni. V primarnem krogu poteka proizvodnja toplote, v sekundarnem proizvodnja pare in odvajanje odpadne toplote v terciarnem. Med remonti, ki potekajo vsakih 18 mesecev, so sekundarni sistemi izpostavljeni atmosferi, kar povečuje tveganje za korozijo. Da bi to preprečili, je elektrarna leta 2021 uporabila kemično raztopino FFA (Film Forming Amine), ki je na notranjih površinah cevovodov tvorila zaščitni hidrofobni sloj.
Marca 2021, ob prvi uporabi FFA, so se pojavila odstopanja pri meritvah pretoka glavne napajalne vode FW (Feedwater). To je vplivalo na izračun moči reaktorja in povzročilo upad zmogljivosti elektrarne za 0,4–0,5 % (približno 4 MWe). Pretok glavne napajalne vode je ključni parameter za sekundarni kalorimetrični izračun in ima največji vpliv na pogrešek v primeru odstopanja.
Upad moči je bil potrjen s primerjavo različnih procesnih parametrov, kot so spremembe temperaturnih razlik v primarnem krogu (ΔT), s pretokom glavne pare (MS ‒ Main Steam) in meritvijo električne moči na generatorju. Ker meritev pretoka glavne napajalne vode prispeva največ k negotovosti izračuna pretoka primarnega sistema in kalorimetričnega izračuna sredice, smo v NEK osredotočeni na izboljšanje natančnosti te meritve.
V sklopu nadaljnjega raziskovalnega dela se predlaga razvoj numeričnega modela v računalniško podprtem programskem okolju, ki bo omogočil neodvisen izračun pretoka glavne napajalne vode, z namenom zmanjšanja vpliva FFA kemikalije na meritev oziroma s tem povezane izračune moči reaktorja. Model bo temeljil na termodinamičnih enačbah in algoritmih za določanje pretoka z nižjo negotovostjo od sedanje. S pomočjo modela bi morali pridobiti korekcijske faktorje za prilagoditev trenutnih vrednosti venturijevih merilnikov. V končnici bo ta pristop zagotovil boljše upravljanje elektrarne, zmanjšal energetske izgube ter povečal prihodke za NEK in njene lastnike
Leveraging Communities of Practice to Cultivate Entrepreneurial Mindset: A Systematic Review and Practical Insights
Full text linkThis paper explores the role of Communities of Practice (CoPs) as a potential teaching tool to better promote an entrepreneurial mindset, particularly in the context of higher education. Through a systematic review of existing learning theories and the concept of CoPs, this paper identifies the challenges of entrepreneurial education and proposes changes in higher education that focus on creating entrepreneurial awareness, enhancing entrepreneurial competencies and developing students\u27 entrepreneurial identity to foster an entrepreneurial mindset by supporting formal higher education with informal educational practices such as CoPs. The originality of this paper lies in the presentation of the alternative concept of Accountable Entrepreneurial Education. By combining theoretical insights with practical examples, this paper serves as a valuable resource for educators, researchers and practitioners in the field of entrepreneurship education
Development of Slovenian Macroeconomic Imbalances and their Synchronization with EU Countries
Full text linkSlovenia and other EU member states are subject to the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure. This article aims to evaluate the macroeconomic imbalances of the Slovenian economy and its synchronisation with other EU countries from 2013 to 2022. Eleven Scoreboard indicators are used to monitor external and internal macroeconomic imbalances. The originality of the paper relates to the use of cluster analysis to determine Slovenia\u27s position among other EU countries in terms of imbalance indicators by dividing EU countries into clusters based on their similarity. The process used the standardized squared Euclidean distance as the basic metric, the furthest neighbour method was used to cluster the objects, which are represented graphically by a dendrogram. Slovenia exhibited relative stability in both external and internal macroeconomic imbalances between 2013 and 2022. However, in the last three years, it showed threshold values for the nominal unit labour cost index, general government gross debt, and there was a risk associated with the development of the house price index. The cluster analysis revealed that Slovenia\u27s external macroeconomic imbalances were significantly synchronized with core EU countries in 2014 and 2022. In 2017 and 2020, macroeconomic imbalances exhibited similarities with the Baltic and Central European countries. The internal macroeconomic balance remained stable in the monitored period, and it developed in sync with the core EU countries and Central European countries