Headache Medicine

Headache Medicine
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    Aspirin and poetry: did João Cabral de Melo Neto suffer from acetylsali- cylic acid-overuse headache?

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    Hemicrania contínua como manifestação inicial da síndrome de Ramsay Hunt: relato de caso

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    IntroductionRamsay-Hunt syndrome, also called otic zoster, is a rare complication of herpes zoster. The syndrome is characterized by peripheral facial nerve palsy and an erythematous vesicular eruption in the ear or mouth. Preceding the appearance of the vesicles, unilateral otalgia or neck pain may occur more commonly. However, persistent hemicrania is infrequent in the pre-eruptive phase.ObjectivesTo present an atypical case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with continuous unilateral headache preceding the onset of other symptoms and signs of the syndrome.Case reportReport of a 69-year-old woman who presented subacute onset of moderate to severe left hemicrania with no autonomic signs. Eight days after the start and continuous headache maintenance, she presented with peripheral facial paralysis. After four days, she noticed the presence of vesicles in the left ear and odynophagia. She developed nausea with several episodes of vomiting and severe imbalance that made it impossible for her to walk unassisted. On physical examination, she presented vesicles in the left ear and oropharynx, left peripheral facial palsy (House Brackmann grade IV), left hypoacusis, nystagmus, and vestibular gait. Diagnostic tests for screening several metabolic diseases and diagnosis of infection (including HIV) were unremarkable. Brain computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed no abnormalities.ConclusionsRamsay-Hunt syndrome mainly involves the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, causing peripheral facial palsy, otalgia, hypoacusis, and, less frequently, imbalance. Although pain is a frequent manifestation of the pre-eruptive phase of RHS, unilateral headache is not common in this scenario. On the other hand, it is a prevalent complaint in the emergency department and has several different etiologies. Hence, diagnosing RHS when patients present exclusively unilateral headaches is challenging for clinicians. Physicians must consider RHS a vital differential diagnosis of sided-locked headaches, avoiding diagnostic errors and treatment delays.IntroduçãoA síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt, também chamada de zoster ótico, é uma complicação rara do herpes zoster. A síndrome é caracterizada por paralisia do nervo facial periférico e uma erupção vesicular eritematosa no ouvido ou na boca. Precedendo o aparecimento das vesículas, pode ocorrer mais comumente otalgia unilateral ou cervicalgia. No entanto, hemicrania persistente é pouco frequente na fase pré-eruptiva.ObjetivoApresentar um caso atípico de síndrome de Ramsay Hunt com cefaléia unilateral contínua precedendo o aparecimento de outros sinais e sintomas da síndrome.Relato de casoRelato de uma mulher de 69 anos que apresentou hemicrania esquerda de moderada a grave, de início subagudo, sem sinais autonômicos. Oito dias após o início e manutenção contínua da cefaléia, apresentou paralisia facial periférica. Após quatro dias, notou a presença de vesículas na orelha esquerda e odinofagia. Ela desenvolveu náuseas com vários episódios de vômito e desequilíbrio grave que a impossibilitava de andar sem ajuda. Ao exame físico apresentava vesículas em orelha esquerda e orofaringe, paralisia facial periférica esquerda (House Brackmann grau IV), hipoacusia esquerda, nistagmo e marcha vestibular. Testes diagnósticos para triagem de várias doenças metabólicas e diagnóstico de infecção (incluindo HIV) foram normais. A tomografia computadorizada do cérebro e a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano não mostraram anormalidades.ConclusãoA síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt envolve principalmente os nervos faciais e vestibulococlear, causando paralisia facial periférica, otalgia, hipoacusia e, menos frequentemente, desequilíbrio. Embora a dor seja uma manifestação frequente da fase pré-eruptiva da SHI, a cefaleia unilateral não é comum nesse cenário. Por outro lado, é uma queixa prevalente no serviço de urgência e tem diversas etiologias. Assim, o diagnóstico de SHI quando os pacientes apresentam cefaleias exclusivamente unilaterais é um desafio para os médicos. Os médicos devem considerar a RHS um diagnóstico diferencial vital de cefaleias em bloqueio lateral, evitando erros de diagnóstico e atrasos no tratamento

    Dor como sinal de alarme na dissecção carotídea cervical: relato de caso com evolução catastrófica

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    Background Cervical carotid dissection is a commonly reported arteriopathy and is associated with stroke in young, healthy patients. Case report The authors present a case of a woman with pain of recent onset secondary to a dissection of the cervical segment of the carotid artery on the same side and that evolved with stroke. Conclusion The diagnosis of arterial dissection is based on clinical suspicion and angiographic images of the encephalic vessels.Introdução A dissecção carotídea cervical é uma arteriopatia comumente relatada e está associada a acidente vascular cerebral em pacientes jovens e saudáveis. Relato de caso Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher com dor de início recente secundária a uma dissecção do segmento cervical da artéria carótida do mesmo lado e que evoluiu com acidente vascular cerebral. Conclusão O diagnóstico de dissecção arterial é baseado na suspeita clínica e nas imagens angiográficas dos vasos encefálicos

    Tourette’s Syndrome cervical dystonia induced occipital neuralgia remedied by peripheral nerve stimulation: A case report

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    BackgroundDystonia is uncommon in Tourette’s syndrome, and occipital neuralgia secondary to Tourette\u27s dystonia is more rare, affecting quality of life. Occipital peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is an excellent alternative by being adjustable and minimally invasive. Our case demonstrates occipital PNS as an effective option for refractory Tourette’s dystonia.Case PresentationA thirty-four-year-old male with poorly controlled Tourette’s cervical dystonia presented with severe occipital neuralgia. Various medications were prescribed including propranolol and amitriptyline, and bilateral third-occipital nerve rhizotomies and occipital nerve blocks were trialed. Distal nerve blocks at the occipital protuberance were most effective. Therefore, an occipital PNS trial was done, and a PNS was implanted with no complications. Upon follow-up, the patient reported drastic pain reduction.ConclusionOur case illustrates neuromodulation benefits for a rare presentation of refractory occipital neuralgia secondary to Tourette’s-related dystonia. Occipital PNS should be considered for refractory cases because it is safe, easy to implant, and effective.

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