International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
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Water crisis and adaptation strategies by tribal community: A case study in Baghaichari Upazila of Rangamati District in Bangladesh
Get PDFWater crisis under changing climate is one of the major environmental challenges in Bangladesh. Tribal communities of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) have been suffering from water scarcity since long. This study aimed to identify the available water sources, extent of water scarcity and traditional adaptation practices to cope with water scarcity in hilly area of Bangladesh. This study was conducted by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire in 6 villages of three union of Bagaichari upazila which were selected through stratified random sampling method. The main sources of water for drinking, domestic use and irrigation were river, streams, dam over streams (Godha), very small stream (Thagalok), well dug on hill bottom (Shillaw hoo), springs, big dug well, tube-well, ring-well, river, and pond. In every year December-April is the dry and water crisis period. To overcome the severity, people built small dams (Godha) to raise water level and use in irrigation and domestic purposes. For drinking water maximum 42% people dependent on shilaw hoo. For domestic purposes 38% households dependent on streams and 65% dependent on Ghoda for irrigation water. Tribal people of the study area have to walk a long hours to collect water from sources located about 1-2.5 kilometers away from the settlement with earthen or plastic buckets sized 10 to 15 litters. Water crisis was found in severe condition since last 5-10 years. Before that water was available in hilly region. Maximum people (89%) reported deforestation as the main reason of water crisis. This study suggests both government and non-governmental professionals to foster local communities’ adaptation capacity against the water scarcity in Bagaichari upazila. This study will play a vital role to take relevant adaptation policies both by the policy makers and practitioners
Building resilience through local and international partnerships, Nigeria experiences
Get PDFCurrent human development pathways tend to increase disaster impacts, and many disaster impacts are likely to increase due to anthropogenic activities that catalyse epidemiological virus mutation impact series, global warming, and climate change. No specific federal agency is exclusively responsible for disaster management as all the required scientific skills and fiscal resources are not in situ. It is also a fact that global pandemic like COVID-19 has local implications, and that local management of the disease has international implications, as revealed in this study. The study actually examined Nigeria’s experience in building national resilience through local and international coalition amidst disaster diplomacy among strong nations. The study also assessed the country’s National Emergency Management Agency’s programmes and other international donor agencies like UNDP, EU and NGOs’ pilot projects surveys. It is revealed that the idea of the global village is fully exemplified as COVID-19 impacts is every one’s business and that Nigeria, as a major beacon in Sub-Sahara countries, is a laboratory for disaster diplomacy testing in understanding how donor competition shapes recipients’ policy and support. Therefore, a symbiosis relationship among nations and agencies is recommended to enhance the DRR issue
Pharmacy response to natural disasters
Get PDFPharmacy institutions are one of the key elements in modern healthcare systems throughout the world. Pharmacies can be a part of the public healthcare system at primary, or secondary and tertiary levels. Also, pharmacies can be founded as a private institution, having the same roles and amount of responsibility compared to public ones. The aim of this paper was to examine the role of pharmacies in emergency and catastrophic events. The crucial role of pharmacies is especially emphasized in emergency and catastrophic events when the majority of other healthcare institutions are mobilized in providing more important healthcare activities and services. In those instances, pharmacies represent a primary connection between the patients and community in general and the healthcare system. Proper fulfillment of necessary requirements for registration of pharmacy institutions is essential for its successful operation, but continuous education of pharmacy staff plays an equally important role. The most recent events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are one additional evidence confirming that pharmacy institutions are an irreplaceable link in the healthcare system chain continuously serving as a first-line connection with all individuals in a community
Determinants of Residents\u27 Participation in Disaster Risk Management in Lagos Metropolis Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the determinants of residents’ participation in Disaster Risk Management in Lagos, Metropolis, Nigeria. The metropolis was stratified into two clusters (island and mainland areas). Two political wards were randomly selected in each of the six LGAs identified in the two clusters. A total of 5019 buildings were identified in the study area. Using systematic sampling technique, every 10th residential building was sampled in the selected wards upon which questionnaire was administered. The study established a variation in socioeconomic attributes of residents as well as awareness of disaster types across the two clusters; it also found out that while majority of the residents were aware of DRM, very few proportions had DRM training. The result of the study also revealed that age, monthly income, length of residence and educational status can explain residents’ level of participation in DRM. Using regression analysis, the study found out that age, educational status and length of stay with Beta values (.130), (-0.112) and (-0.105) respectively were the determinants of peoples’ participation in DRM. It recommends that environmentally concerned stakeholders should invest in DRM in areas of awareness and training of residents, establishment, funding and equipment of DRM agencies
The Role of Al-Shifa Medical Complex Administration in Evacuation & Sheltering Planning
Get PDFThe study aimed to Highlight the role of Al-Shifa Medical Complex administration in evacuation and Sheltering Planning, due to the suffering of the Gaza Strip from repeated attacks by the Israeli occupation, and the escalation of such attacks over the past ten years. The researcher used the content analysis method and Descriptive approach to try to collect all the appropriate data for this topic. The researcher relied on several tools: observation (field visits), personal interviews with stakeholders, risk analysis of the Al-Shifa Medical Complex. The results showed that Quick response in implementing evacuation mechanisms is a critical element in the success of the plan and saving the lives, and showed that planning for evacuations and sheltering is among the priorities of Al-Shifa Complex Administration and the General Administration of Hospitals and that Al-Shifa Complex Administration had prepared a comprehensive evacuation plan and it is developed annually. However, the study found that no maneuver was conducted that simulate activation of the plan for all the working staff in the complex, due to several reasons, and also showed that risk analysis contributes to enhancing preparedness for crisis and disasters, and improving response level to any risk that may occur in future. The study recommends the necessity of forming an internal emergency committee specialized in crisis, disasters, and emergency management and activating it permanently to enhance preparedness level, implementing maneuvers that simulate the evacuation, sheltering, and isolation of major hospitals by standard and modern methods, Developing and strengthening of working staff capabilities in emergency and evacuation management
Innovative solutions for flood risk management
Get PDFStarting from the importance of innovative solutions for improving the needs of different practitioners as flood risk managers, the purpose of this review was to describe and analyze, evaluates, and prioritizes the various available different innovative solutions that have sufficient potential to be useful and used by practitioners. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the DAREnet knowledge base (an integral feature of the DAREnet online community platform) which identified critical challenges for flood management and the relevant field or source of innovation, as well as the current scientific literature in the field of disaster studies. A fourth stage selection procedure identified candidate original or review papers and evaluated the degree to which papers met predetermined requirements for inclusion extracted from prior systematic reviews. Included in the study were over 100 studies that met the requirements for predetermined inclusion. The findings of this review showed that there is a huge untapped potential for innovative solutions in the field of prevention, preparedness, civil protection, communication, cooperation, etc. The findings of this review contribute to a growing body of knowledge regarding innovative solutions for flood risk management useful for practitioners
Flood Vulnerability Assessment by Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) Method: A Study on Sirajganj Sadar Upazila
Get PDFFlood is one of the most common and extreme hazards in Bangladesh because of its geographical location. Sirajganj is a district with the highest flood propensity in Bangladesh. The study aims to evaluate the vulnerability in the ten Unions of Sirajganj Sadar upazila to the flood hazard. Different forms of vulnerability evaluation approaches differ in their method. The Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) method has been implemented in this research to determine flood vulnerability in order to classify which areas of the study are the most vulnerable to flooding. For the study of flood vulnerability, three indicators (i.e. exposure, sensitivity and resilience, etc) are selected in four dimensions (social, financial, environmental and physical). The FVI calculation determines the flood vulnerability index scores for each union. Following the analysis of FVI, in Sirajganj Sadar Upazila Mechhra union is marked as being highly vulnerable. Since this union is very poor in adaptability, coping capacity and resilience; exposure and susceptibility are greater. The other syndicates are highly exposed to floods. Finally, the zoning map for flood risk was developed on the basis of vulnerability index ratings
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Get PDFDisasters cause losses on people and residential areas, cause interruption of normal life and decision-making mechanism, collapse communication and communication even for a short time, and damage infrastructure and superstructure investments. In the traditional disaster management design, the regulations created by the legislation and rules issued are directed to each unit in the country at the same time. Administrative authorities must coordinate the emergency recovery process as a requirement of these protocols. In modern disaster management approaches, disasters are associated with spatially; the distribution, severity, type, and population affected by disasters are all considered. Starting with the spatial distribution of such disasters in Turkey, disaster management can be structured from space to center. The Turkish disaster management mechanism has issued recommendations as a consequence of this study
Methodology for Building Automated Systems for Monitoring Engineering (Load-Bearing) Structures, and Natural Hazards to Ensure Comprehensive Safety of Buildings and Constructions
Get PDFThe load-bearing structures of buildings and constructions (further on referred to as ‘facilities’) are subject to wear-caused loss of operability. The exploitation of facilities with damaged construction elements may lead to emergencies, which are likely to cause loss of life. The article describes a methodology for automated monitoring of engineering (load-bearing) structures and natural hazards to ensure the comprehensive safety of buildings and constructions
Indicators of Risk Assessment and Management in Infrastructure Projects in Palestine
Get PDFThis study aims to identify the risks which face the work environment in infrastructure projects in order to reduce them and protect human and material resources also it aims to identify indicators used in the assessment, management, and prevention of risks in infrastructure projects. Therefore, the study had adopted the analytical descriptive approach, which describes the phenomenon and analyses action taken and adopted in risk management and risk management approach. In infrastructure projects, there\u27s a lack of clear application models in the governmental institutions to implement a national approach for risk management, in addition to the poor knowledge related to risk management sciences. Consequently, the study recommended adapting a comprehensive program to qualify society and companies in the field of risk management and protection and following the national risk management approach in infrastructure projects