International Journal of Disaster Risk Management
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Indicator based assessment of integrated flood vulnerability index for Brunei Darussalam
Get PDFSince the beginning of human civilization, the flood is always connected with extensive destruction of properties and loss of lives. The intensity of flood-related disasters is increasing day by day due to the rapid increase in development activities, changes in land-use land-cover, population growth, unplanned urbanization, and above all, the driving force resulting from climate change and climate variability. Therefore, researchers are paying increased attention to floods with particular focus on flood vulnerability. The present study is a pioneer attempt on indicator-based flood vulnerability assessment for Brunei Darussalam. In this study, an integrated approach towards vulnerability assessment has been proposed, considering hydrological, environmental, social, and economic aspects of different districts of Brunei Darussalam. Indicators are generated and incorporated to visualize the vulnerability map of the country. The findings of the study can be used to identify the vulnerability status of different regions in Brunei, used to reduce the vulnerability and also to minimize disaster risk by allocating more resources for vulnerable districts. The results of the study will also be helpful in deriving better disaster management strategies for the country
The role of the police in disasters caused by pandemic infectious diseases
Get PDFSo far, the police have played and are playing a very important role in the fight against pandemics in the current situation. Recent events have indicated the need to pay as much attention to the role of the police in emergencies caused by pandemics (epidemics) of infectious diseases, because it is noticeable that, in the previous period, either in practice or in scientific circles, not enough attention was paid to this segment of police work. The author\u27s wish was to provide an answer to the question whether and in what way the police coped with the natural disaster caused by the pandemic of the infectious disease COVID-19. The answer would be that the police did not cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides guidelines that would help police organizations cope with possible future natural disasters caused by a pandemic of infectious diseases in a better way
Disasters and exemplified vulnerabilities in a cramped Public Health Infrastructure in India
Get PDFThe varied connotations to the term ‘Development’ are been channeled through perception. The perception of a political stakeholder differs from that of a rich-businessman, and again, from those who are lesser endowed. There is a pressing need for the government, to identify and maintain checks and balances between exploitative and responsive governance. The extension of the healthcare sector is an integral part of this holistic growth, while the customer base has largely financed the industry; the obligation on the hand of government needs to increase. The out of pocket spending by patients covers the finances of the sector by 64.2%. (NSSO, 2014 report). The lesser amount of government spending in the healthcare system is a drawback and has effects on the Industry in a negative frame in a large manner, only 28.6% of Total Health Expenditure is financed by Govt. of India and therefore, calls for the need for better financing mechanisms in the country in the form of insurance schemes and a smoother flow of the already existing policies and frameworks. In the debate of private v/s public hospitals, the paper presents reasons that create a barrier on effective utilization of benefits provided, and further constructs the viewpoint that though expensive, private healthcare services provide more assurance to the population in general. The over-crowding of these public institutions in times of epidemics or otherwise, is a self-indication of the dearth of infrastructure and the kind of impacts the interventions has had in terms of alleviating such grievances. The several debates that I have tried to analyze and interpret include those of the intersections the individuals of the country and the lawmakers have crossed in terms of developmental projects and whether these promises hold true in terms of concrete reality. The depth of understanding and entering these discussions is only a gateway to more pertinent questions of whether the present infrastructure has dwindled due to disasters in the past? Are we actually moving to building resiliency or is it just a mock-up present on paper only? The paper reflects qualitatively on several government reports on health and the state of the hospitals presented within various contexts of Disasters in the past. The analysis of the National Rural Health Mission, National Urban Health Mission and various others programs initiated by the Government of India and the scope that it has to remove the present day struggled faced by an over-crowded and pressurized public sector healthcare structure
Private security preparedness for disasters caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards
Get PDFThe subject of the research is to examine the private security preparedness for disasters caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards. In addition, the relationship between preparedness levels and various demographic and socio-economic factors is examined. The survey was anonymous with 4-point Likert scale questions (1- I absolutely disagree; 4- I absolutely agree). It was conducted at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies in Belgrade, during the initial course for obtaining a private security license and the course for combating domestic violence were attended by members of the police from all over Serbia. Data for the study were collected from a total of 178 members of private security. The research was conducted from April to June 2019. Within the first part of the questionnaire, there were questions concerning demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, education, marital status, working experience, served military status), while the second part contained questions about the p the private security preparedness for disasters caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards (e.g perception of the degree of responsibility due to the type of work performed in case of natural and anthropogenic disasters, perception of the level of preparedness of a private insurance company, knowledge of safety procedures for disaster response, evaluation of the response efficiency of first responders, etc.). The results of the multivariate regressions of preparedness subscale showed that variables (e.g., gender, age, education, marital status) were not significantly affected by preparedness
Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides initiation – A case study from The Nilgiris district, Western Ghats, India
Get PDFRainfall is one of the major causes of landslides/landslips across the globe. The fatalities and damage caused by rainfall induced landslides increased in recent days. The Nilgiris district in Western Ghats part of Tamil Nadu state is one of the very high to severe landslide hazard-prone areas of India. The present study is focused on estimation of rainfall thresholds and the temporal probability of landslides in different landslide-prone slopes in part of The Nilgiris district. The landslide prone areas identified in earlier research are used for the present study. The landslide locations data for the years 1824 to 2018 were collected and a spatial database on landslide inventory was created. A detailed inventory carried out on the 2009 landslides were analysed and used for the calculation of rainfall thresholds. Monthly and Yearly Rainfall data for the years 2000 to 2011 were collected for 37 rainguage stations from various government agencies. Based on the quality and quantity of data, the rainfall thresholds for 14 different locations were estimated viz., Aderly, Coonoor, Coonoor Railway, Governor Sola, Ooty (Near Botanical Garden), Runnymedu, Burliar where the probability of landslide occurrences is high. The temporal probability of landslide was calculated for four years viz., 1, 3, 5 and 10 years. The present study can be used as a key to develop an early warning system in The Nilgiris District
Environmental Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction at Kaduna International Airport, Kaduna Nigeria
Get PDFThe compatibility of an airport with its environs can be achieved by proper environmental control and planning of the airport, control of pollution-generating sources, and land use planning of the area surrounding the airport are paramount if disasters are to be averted or reduced to the acceptable standard. This study was carried out to assess the compliance to standards of the activities relating to environmental control and planning at Kaduna International Airport as contained in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other Airport regulations Guidelines. The objectives including assessing the environmental impact associated with aviation activities, assessing environmental consequence and control measures and assessing land use planning at the Airport. The Airport Environmental Management Handbook, Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) Hand book, ICAO Documents, Maps and other relevant information were consulted. Questionnaires were distributed and percentage distribution was used in analyzing the objectives. Results from this study has shown an acceptable level of compliance in Environmental Planning by the relevant authority of Kaduna International Airport. The results from this study will be useful to FAAN, ICAO and other relevant Agencies in enhancing Environmental Control and Planning at Airports for Disaster Risk Reduction
Natural Disasters in Turkey: Social and Economic Perspective
Get PDFTurkey is located in one of the most significant active seismic regions in the world. The country also is subject to many other natural disasters, that’s why, natural disasters have been seen in Turkey forever. These events have caused physical destruction to the death of more than 100.000 people and to the wounding of a lot, and shacked the country’s economy in the last century. Disasters sources from geological, meteorological,biological and technological sources, however, the results and effects of disasters involve of interest to social sciences. In developing the social perspective on disasters, the main factor is that disasters are effective on human communities. The development of individual, state and international cooperation mechanisms in combating disasters is a necessity. In this study, it was aimed to review the sociological, economical and psychological effects of the disasters, and to call attention to social scientist on the effects of disasters in Turkey
Risk Perception of Building Fires in Belgrade
Get PDFStarting from the frequency and seriousness of fire in residential buildings in the area of Belgrade, this paper presents the results of research on the perception of citizens’ risks of fires in residential buildings. A series of 322 face-to-face interviews were conducted at the beginning of 2017 in Belgrade. The results of multivariate regressions of risk perception of building fires show that the most important predictor of perceived risk of building fires is fear, age, employment status, income level, and marital status. The remaining variables (e.g., gender, education level, previous experience) did not have a significant impact. Respondents who have fear, are married, have higher income, and elderly people perceive the higher level of risk in relation to those who have no fear, live alone, have lower incomes and younger persons. The results of the research can beused to improve the level of safety of citizens by raising their awareness of the risks of fires in housing facilities by designing and using appropriate educational programs and campaigns. 
Understanding the barriers restraining effective operation of flood early warning systems
Get PDFOver the years, a variety of structural and non-structural measures have been employed by the human societies to counter the growing frequency and intensity of natural disasters. Among the various measures, Early Warning Systems (EWSs) have globally been acknowledged as one of the key non-structural measures for disaster mitigation and preparedness, especially due to their multi-faceted benefits. However, their effective operation during rapid-onset disasters like floods is often disrupted pertaining to a variety of reasons. These manifold reasons have today become critical barriers which restrain the smooth functioning of EWSs. This paper theorizes that the numerous barriers restraining the effective operation of EWSs can primarily be categorized into Knowledge, Technology and Institutional aspects. To support this argument, the study presents an overview of three selected examples of flood disasters in Cameron Highlands (Malaysia), North Kyushu (Japan) and Sri Lanka. Based on published literature, the study lists out key reasons that affected the timely functioning of Flood-EWSs in all the selected cases and explains them in relation to the three theorized categories of barriers. In view of the current limited understanding, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the barriers in EWSs and correspondingly enhancing their operation during disaster situations
Preparing International Joint Project: use of Japanese flood hazard map in Bangladesh
Get PDFBoth Japan and Bangladesh suffer from floods, and variety of measures have been developed in each country. In addition to the structural measures such as embank-ment, non-structural measures such as flood hazard map and warning system have been developed and used for evacuation effectively in Japan. However, flood hazard map is not a common measure in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, different measures such as raising/elevating their houses with plinth, placing sand bags on the riverbank and migration are common. The major reason of this difference isbecause of the different flood phenomena. For example, the flood phenomena in Japan is more destructive in short term compared to the flood in Bangladesh because of the difference of the topography. In Japan, the river velocity is fast because of the steep river bed, therefore, even one hit is possible to destroy buildings and deprive of people’s lives sometimes. However, flood in Bangladesh is not able to destroy buildings and deprive of people’s lives in short term. Long inundation period such as a few months makes people impossible to secure food by farming and deprive of human lives by starvation. Thus, understanding the different flood phenomena is the base of starting project. However, many researchers and mem-bers in international joint projects start without noticing the different phenomena and perception toward river and flood. In addition, understanding the background of each country is also needed, since the technology for flood disaster risk reduction have been developed under the social condition of each country. Since the flood in Japan is destructive in short term, Japanese are afraid of flood, thus flood disaster risk reduction has been considerable interest for government and local people. Government has been developing measures and legislation, and local people are cooperative to the government. However, Bangladeshi are not afraid of flood itself, the flood-conveyed fertile soil is even welcome by farmers. They pay attention to the duration of flood, since it is related to the available duration of farming and securing food. Thus, government and local people in Bangladesh did not choose the way of controlling the river flow by structural measures like Japan