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Spousal Homicide in Nigeria: Sociological Profiles of Men who kill their wives
No full textWithout gainsaying, there has been a recent increase in the incidences of spousal homicide in Nigeria. Meanwhile, research on family violence has vigorously focused on spousal abuse, trends and prevalence of domestic violence, while the most severe of violence-the killing of a spouse, has not received an equal amount of attention. Available statistics show that men are more culpable in abusing their wives to the point of death. Leaning on general strain theory, this present study examined the psychological factors and sociological background of men who have been charged and/or convicted of killing their wives. Qualitative analysis of official demographic and offence history data, and in-depth interviews of 21 purposively selected male offenders of spousal homicide in celled housing units in Kirikiri Maximum and Ikoyi Prisons, Lagos State, revealed that childhood experience of violence and abuse is strongly connected with perception and perpetration of violence in marital life. There is a clear empirical evidence to suggest that qualitatively, men who kill their spouses do not differ greatly from those who use nonlethal violence. Demographic and personality traits like negative emotions, low constraints, jealousy and envy were found to be important predisposing factors to spousal homicide. It is essential that an understanding of spousal homicide is continuously pursued and that steps are taken to reduce the likelihood of spousal homicide—the final abuse
Exploring the Uses and Gratifications of Social Media among Undergraduates: Evidence from Nigeria
No full textThis study examines the use of social media among undergraduates using the microscope of the Uses and Gratification Theory. The study seeks to determine the kinds of social media sites and services undergraduates of a selected university in South West Nigeria use in order to establish the motivations that lead the students to adopt the various social networking sites, and also to find out the gratifications that the students seek using the service. The study employs Focus Group Discussion research design to probe the research questions drawn for the study. One of the key findings of this study is that the participants use not less than 2 and not more than 8 social networking sites. Most participants also admit that peer influence is a major motivation, among others, for adopting some of the social network sites. While Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat top the chart on the ranking of the most frequently used social network sites, gratifications sought include information seeking, social interaction, self-expression and self profiling. Two key recommendations\are offered flowing from the findings. First, it is recommended that future studies adopt a quantitative research design to find out the gratifications that undergraduates seek for using social network sites and what they obtain on a larger scale. Second, it is suggested that other research studies should probe uses and gratifications of specific social media platforms among Nigerian youths and undergraduates so that Nigerian researches could contribute to the emerging scientific discourse of Uses and Gratifications globally.
 
Economic Philosophy and Constitution Making in Nigeria
Get PDFThe analyses of constitutions, except in few instances, tend to be legalistic on the basisof examining the structures, functions and perhaps provisions on fundamental humanrights that are contained in the document. A section by section legalistic interpretationof constitution making in Nigeria has tended to be devoid of the laying bare of thedivergent interests in society in the epoch when the constitution was made and thesubsistence of the dominant economic interests. To analyse constitution making inNigeria this way is faulty. To incorporate an analysis of the dominant interests insociety into constitution making is to understand that constitutions are not reflective ofthe interests of all in society but an instrument to protect property and economic modeof accumulation of the dominant class interests. An analysis of constitution makingunder the military dictatorships in Nigeria, starting with the 1979 through to the 1989and 1999 constitutions support the position that these constitutions were made toprotect property interests and a capitalist mode of economic accumulation.
 
Governance and People\u27s Power Movement in Tunisia
No full textMany years of political misrule in Africa, as exemplified by personalised regimes, unaccountable governance and ruthless dictatorship have left most African countries politically demobilised, economically incapacitated and socially disunited. Such intense political upheaval and economic deprivations have thus prompted citizens’ mass agitation for socio-economic reforms or outright change of government in some African countries. This paper examined the nexus between governance and non-violence agitation for change of government through the formation of People’s Power Movement in Tunisia. The paper, which relied on secondary data found that bad governance, as characterised by corruption, rising unemployment rate; political repression and lack of basic freedom for citizens, were the major factors that led to the citizens’ revolution and the ousting of President Ben Ali from office in Tunisia. The study concluded that weak governance, which was primarily benchmarked by democratic deficits, rather than dividends, has remained the hallmark of governance system in Tunisia. It is recommended that there should be enthronement of good governance through mass employment opportunities and optimal respect for citizens’ rights, among others, as antidotes to mass agitation for violent change of government in Tunisia.
 
Impact of Taxation on Government Capital Expenditure in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper investigated the impact of taxation on government capital expenditure in Nigeria. Secondary data were used and were obtained from Central Bank of Nigerian (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and Federal Inland Revenue Service Website for Period 1994 to 2016. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the variables under investigation, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Unit Root Test and Johansen Co-integration tests were used to establish the stationarity and long run association among the variables while Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to establish the exact impact of taxation on capital expenditure in Nigeria. The study showed that Company Income Tax (CIT), Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT), Personal Income Tax (PIT) and Education Tax (EDT) have significant financing power on government capital expenditure. Contrarily, Value Added Tax (VAT) and Capital Gain Tax (CGT) are not significant variables affecting government Capital expenditure in Nigeria. However, co-integration result indicated that there was a long-run relationship between tax revenue and government capital expenditure. This paper, therefore, concluded that taxation revenue has significant effect on government capital expenditure in Nigeria and the Nigerian government should improve its’ efforts in ensuring that all taxes are collected to prevent revenue leakage, in order to ensure provision of adequate infrastructural facilities which translate to economic growth with a view to sustaining the welfare of it citizens
Factor Analysis Techniques for the Assessment of Water Quality: A Case Study of Okun River, Ilorin, Kwara State
Get PDFOkun River caters for diverse needs. Resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization, the quality of the river is significantly affected. The study of impact of discharged industrial wastewaters into Okun River was carried out. Physicochemical properties such as temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, colour, odour, pH, total hardness, chloride, and concentrations of heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and cadmium) were assessed. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and the physicochemical parameters determined were compared with standards and tolerance limit. Cr was not detected in all the samples while Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations varied from 0.10-3.47 mg/L, 2.64-9.65 mg/L,0.37-3.79 mg/L, 0.22-1.53 mg/L and 0.00-0.03 mg/L respectively. The mean values of pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, total hardness and chloride ranged between 6.33-7.77, 25.0-29.0 oC, 325-815 mS/cm, 14.80-209.33 NTU, 733.33-1033.33 mg/L, 133-395.67 mg/L, 137.50-962.50 mg/L and 11.52- 49.04 mg/L respectively. The principal component analysis confirmed the heavy metals to be from anthropogenic and industrial origin.
Keywords: Industrial effluents, physicochemical parameters, water quality, heavy metals, component analysi
Comparative Analysis of Back-propagation Neural Network and K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Fraud Detection in Online Credit Card Transactions
Get PDFThe ubiquitous nature of the internet had been a major driving force of the digital transformation in our world today. It has necessarily become the main medium for conducting electronic commerce (e-commerce) and online transactions. With this development, various means of possible payment methods have also emerged, such as electronic cash/ cheques, debit/credit cards, and electronic wallets. However, debit/credit cards are by far the most common payment methods employed. As a result, different credit card fraud activities have rapidly increased all over the world and are still evolving. This menace has drawn a lot of research interest and a number of techniques, with special emphasis on Data Mining, Expert System and Machine Learning (ML), as a means of identifying fraudulent behaviors. This paper examines and investigates two ML algorithms trained on public online credit card datasets, to analyze and identify fraudulent transactions. The BPNN and the K-means clustering ML algorithms were designed and implemented using Python Programming Languages. It was determined that the BPNN has a much higher accuracy of 93.1% as compared to the K-means which has an accuracy of 79.9%. Other metrics used to evaluate their performance also shows that the BPNN algorithm outperformed K-means algorithm, while the low prediction time of K-means gave it an advantage over the BPNN.
Keywords: Credit card, Fraud detection, Back-Propagation neural network, Clustering algorithm, Machine learning, Security
Analysis of Foreign Aid-Induced Investigative Journalism Practice in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study was conducted to analyse foreign aid-induced investigative journalism practice in Nigeria. It used quantitative approaches that combined content and document analyses. Published investigative stories from journalists trained from the independent media extractions that benefited from media development assistance in 2014 and 2017 constitute the study population. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select samples from the population and content categories and rubric scale were the instruments of data collection. The study revealed the gains and consequences of international media development assistance on investigative journalism practice in Nigeria and recommendations are suggested to the concerned stakeholders based on the conclusion
The Ombudsman, Bureaucratic Dictatorship and Democratic Rule in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper examines the need for any civilian government to guarantee and safeguard individual rights and liberties of its citizenry against arbitrary abuse of bureaucratic power of public servants in the course of carrying out their official duties. The paper therefore assesses the role of the Ombudsman in the control of administrative excesses of public servants through the redress of complaints lodged by aggrieved citizens against administrative injustice on the part of public servants. The paper concludes that the various government agencies and control mechanisms of the Ombudsman in Nigeria have failed to perform this role effectively over the years as a result of the absence of an enabling and effective legal framework. The paper recommends that the Ombudsman should be given the needed “legal teeth†to be able to play its important role as required under civil rule. This paper adopts the qualitative method of analysis using mainly secondary source of data.
 
Newspaper Framing of the Niger Delta Conflict
Get PDFThe Niger Delta conflict is viewed as a recurrent conflict that affects many facets of Nigeria’s existence. Therefore stakeholders such as government, business organizations as well as oil-bearing communities use the mass media to promote their interest in the region. One strategy used by different groups is media framing that allows people to present events in a way that allows readers attach a particular meaning to specific contents. This study focused on the engagement of framing in newspaper coverage of conflict in the Niger Delta. The newspapers selected were Vanguard, and Champion newspapers. The study was anchored on framing theory that notes that the media not only tell us what to think about, but how to think about them. Sample size was drawn from 1998 to 2002. Findings revealed the newspapers preferred thematic to episodic frames, main sources of frames were own correspondents and government .News was used more than other editorial formats. It is germane that journalists are trained on the dynamics of framing, especially conflict and their implications on society. The mass media should also provide early warning signs that would contribute to the escalation of conflicts