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Kinship and International Migration Intentionalities of Youths
Get PDFWhile studies exist on international migration intentionalities in Africa, very few havesufficiently examined their kinship interfaces among the youths. Although, Africaremains a major migrant sending continent, the role of kinship in emigration is stillpoorly understood especially relative to the youths who are the most migratory. It isagainst this background that this article examined the intersectionalities of kinship andinternational migration in Nigeria with specific attention to youths’ ultimate actionsinforming intentions. The article adopted social action theory and the push and pullframework as its theoretical framework. The research design was descriptive andexplorative. A total of 300 questionnaire was distributed through simple randomsampling. 20 in-depth interviews were also conducted with purposively selectedyouths. The relationship between kinship and international migration intentionalitieswas found to be positive due to the previous and current kinship migration patterns,realities and expectations that have become normatively sanctioned within youths’kinship networks. Hence, the kinship outcomes on migration co-relate with youths’belief that Nigeria’s (like many other African countries’) social institutions aredysfunctional and infrastructural systems are opportunistically disabling for theirvalues, goals and aspirations. Overall, the migration intentions and believedfunctionalities of emigrations among the youths are traceable to the subjectiveinterpretations of migration values and outcomes within subsisting kinship systemsusually predating and external to the youths
Trends in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication Campaigns (2007-2017): A Review of Dominant Themes
Get PDFThis study, a content analysis of scholarly publications on adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) communication campaigns/interventions over a period of ten (10) years, adopted purposive and convenience sampling techniques to select 84 empirical studies on ASRH communication campaigns. While the unit of analysis was represented by keywords/phrases, the content categories were teenage marriage, ASRH and the media, disease/pregnancy prevention strategies, socio-cultural issues and indicators of ASRH campaigns effects. These yielded 41 sub- categories and 704 frequency counts. Rogers Everett\u27s diffusion of innovations underpins the study and drives the research questions alongside extant literature. The study found that most of the studies, reporting an increase in pregnancy and HIV/AIDS spread recommended comprehensive ASRH education and campaign, where contraceptives are promoted alongside and/or against abstinence. It was also discovered that community stakeholders\u27 resistance which was a common impediment to the success of comprehensive ASRH campaign has received scanty research attention. It was therefore recommended that further research should be done on the relationship between campaign contents/themes, stakeholders\u27 resistance and globalization of ASRH messages. This, perhaps, would facilitate the understanding of the factors causing the unintended outcomes of ASRH.
 
Alternative Economic Development Strategies in the Third World: Chile under Salvador Allende Gossens
Get PDFThe Chilean experiments of formulating and implementing capitalist and socialisteconomic development strategies in the late 50s through early 70s form the core of thisstudy. Because of the commitment of the United States Government to thedevelopment and protection of private property interests and mutatis mutandis, directforeign investments in the Third World, Dr. Salvador Allende\u27s comprehensiveprogramme of socialising the means of production in Chile from 1970–1973engendered United States Government\u27s hostile reactions, contributing to Chile\u27s“invisible economic blockadeâ€, and eventually, a violent overthrow of the AllendePresidency through a bloody coup de\u27tat on September 11, 1973. The studyhighlighted the lessons to be learnt from the Allende socialist experiment by any ThirdWorld country
An Enhanced Bilateral Authentication System for Android Devices
Get PDFAuthentication is a method that verifies that users or systems are who they claim to be, based on identity of any form. Smart devices are often lost or stolen; password could be easily detected or hacked. Most of the new model smart devices have inbuilt security for authentication which most times do not work perfectly. For that purpose, high level of authentication for smart devices is needed. The need to ensure security of information on these devices is highly necessary and at the same time difficult. This work developed an enhanced authentication system for android based mobile devices to increase the security level and confidentiality of its information which enables user-friendliness environment. It combines face recognition methods with pin or pattern which makes it more robust and reliable in securing our mobile devices. The implementation was done using Schulz Android Studio SDK and developed with the following programming languages: JavaScript, XML (Extensible Markup Language), OpenCV, and Java. The developed application can be installed and work on any mobile device with the latest android operating system and its backward compatible. The system was tested on different smart devices from different vendors and its efficiency is above 90%. Evaluating the application with some existing systems was done in order to ascertain the reliability of the solution and strengthen it. The system tagged MULTILOCK enables users to register more than one user, and gain access to the device with either pin or pattern together with a registered faces.
Keywords: Face detection, Security, Mobile devices, Confidentiality, Pin, Patter
Nigeria’s External Debt Crisis and Challenges of Governance: Towards an Expository Re-assessment
No full textNigeria’s external debt, which pre-independence stood at a tolerable level, assumed a serious dimension from 1978 until 2005 when a major reprieve came through debt forgiveness by the Paris Club of creditors. Literature and empirical studies emphasise debt forgiveness as antidote to the debt crisis. This study contends that more critical is the challenge of institutional governance in debt management, in the absence of which loans gravitate to ‘dead weight’ status. Consequently, the paper attempts an expository re-examination of the governance question in public external debt management, with particular focus on institutions and their critical roles in the external debt crisis which plagued Nigeria during the referenced period. Underpinned by Structural-Functionalism, the study adopts content analytical design and finds that in line with theory and literature, the major cause of the inefficient management of Nigeria’s external debt lies in weak and dysfunctional institutions. Accordingly, the study recommends that the existing institutional framework for external debt management in Nigeria should be overhauled, to improve governance. 
Can Brand Ambassadors Influence Product Loyalty? Perceptions on Globacom Mobile Network Advertisements
Get PDFStudies in Nigeria have not fully shown the effect of using celebrities and how celebrities can effectively change the attitude of the consumers towards a brand. Based on this notion, the study examined audience perception of celebrity endorsement on product advertising and its influence on brand loyalty. Through a mixed method design, the study used questionnaire and structured interview. The respondents perceived the use of celebrities in Globacom adverts necessary because these celebrities are persuasive, entertaining and experienced. This further enhances awareness and sales for the product. Globacom celebrities have a good interpersonal relation with Globacom customers as they prefer celebrity endorsed products’ adverts to non-celebrity endorsed products’ adverts which influence their purchase. Globacom celebrities are liked and perceived as highly credible; hence celebrities that match products’ brand image should be endorsed to promote the brand in order to influence consumers’ purchase and loyalty to the products
Political Parties and Opposition Politics in Nigeria\u27s Fourth Republic
No full textOne of the major roles a political party performs in a democratic system is to serve as a formidable opposition to the government in power. While political opposition is central to the operation of democratic systems and societies much has not been done about the role of opposition parties in transitional democracies like Nigeria, especially in recent time. It is on this basis, that this paper examines political parties and opposition politics in Nigeria with specific focus on the Fourth Republic. This paper has a-two-fold objectives. One, it examines the viability of political opposition in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Secondly, it examines the challenges undermining virile opposition politics in Nigeria. Through qualitative analysis of data derived largely form secondary sources, it was discovered that political opposition in Nigeria is generally weak. The paper averred that low level of party institutionalisation in Nigeria among others is one of the factors responsible for the lack of capacity of political parties to serve as viable opposition platform to government in power. The paper recommends among others, that leaders of political parties need to engage in practices that will enhance party cohesion, discipline, and conflict management capacity.
 
Spray Pyrolysis Deposition and Characterisation of Dielectric SnO2 Thin Films
Get PDFDielectric and optical dispersion properties of thin films of SnO2 deposited via spray pyrolysis were investigated. These properties are fundamental to new applications of SnO2 in energy storage and pressure sensing. The composition and thickness of the films were determined using the Rutherford Backscattered Spectroscopic mode of the Pelletron Tandem Accelerator. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the crystal structure and surface morphology of the films. Optical transmission data were analyzed to obtain the optical band gap, dispersion parameters, and dielectric constants. The analyses showed that the films were polycrystalline in nature with the tetragonal rutile crystal structure. It was also observed that annealed films increased in thickness compared to the asdeposited samples. The Urbach tail width of the annealed sample also decresed from 293 to 252 meV indicating an improvement in crystallinity with heat treatment. The refractive index dispersion in the visible region analyzed in terms of long wavelength single-oscillator Sellmier approximation was in the range 1.9 -3.0. The zero and high-frequency dielectric constants were evaluated. The values of these constants could be a justification for further exploration of SnO2-based materials for charge storage and capacitive pressure sensing.
Keywords: pyrolysis, dielectric, refractive index, thin film
The Legislature and Challenges of Institutional Efficiency in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Get PDFModern democracy is built on the informed and active participation of the citizens. The legislative institution represents the platform for such participation. In Nigeria, the National Assembly which symbolizes the arena of participation by the citizens derives its life from the constitution. Given its constitutional and extra constitutional roles therefore, the National Assembly is a pillar of current democratic practice in the country. However, evidence suggests that the legislature is challenged by some factors in the discharge of its responsibilities. This paper examines some of these challenges. Through an examination of secondary materials, the study finds that some of the challenges confronting the National Assembly in Nigeria derive from problems confronting the larger society. Equally, the existence of such challenges has negative consequences for governance in Nigeria. While the challenges are not insurmountable, there is a need for concerted efforts from state and non-state actors in order for the legislature to fully occupy its prime of place in Nigeria
Conceptualization and Perspectives on Social Media Effects on Online Political Participation: A Review
Get PDFSocial science phenomena are regularly faced with a myriad of debate among whichare the issues of conceptualization and perspectives. These differing views come aboutas a result of differences in the scope, operationalization, methodology, objectives,time or socio cultural context of exiting social science researches. Expectedly, theconcept of online political participation on social media in the digital age has also beenaffected by these debates. Social media has rapidly been adopted as a tool for politicalparticipation because online opportunities for such participation have become animportant avenue for citizens’ engagement in democracies. Consequently, increasingnumber of researches are being carried out in this area, thus creating differing views interms of definitions and perspectives of the phenomena online political participation onsocial media. As a consequence, this paper attempts to elucidate arguments on theseviews by reviewing some existing studies in this area with a view to providing a clearunderstanding of this form of political participation on social media