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Tyranny of the majority: Problem to Nigerian democracy
No full textTyranny of the majority is one of the most pressing issues of today’s democracy and Nigeria especially. It arises
when the dominance of a group in a democratic government’s impedes the benefits of the minority ones; or a
system where there are no checks on the majority’s ability to dominate the minority. In context, democracy is a
system of government made of popular rule, especially in promoting fundamental human rights, freedom, and
common good. In fact, the revere is the case in Nigeria. Citizens in most time have demonstrated publicly in
demand for their trampled right. Democracy is no longer the government of the people but for the elected,
corrupt polithiefcians, and the rich majority which sole aim is to oppress the poor minority. This consequently
pose a great problem to growth of democracy and democratic practice in Nigeria and a threat to the freedom and
human dignity of the minority members of the society. However, the focus of this paper is to note how tyranny
of majority has bedevilled our contemporary democracy; because the opinions of political minorities have been
silenced and disregarded in the society. It also indicates what means could be used to control the tyranny of the
majority and strengthen democracy in our society
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND SOCIO – PSYCHOLOGICAL AND WELFARE NEEDS OF THE FAMILIES IN NIGERIA: ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
No full textHuman resources management is a term that is used to describe the employees and the department that is responsible for the staff employment, welfare, retention and other related issues. It is the act of hiring, training, developing and retaining the right personnel in the organization to achieve the organizational objectives. It is the process and method of making effective and efficient use of human and material resources of an organization to achieve the organizational objectives. The employees are very vital in any organization and country. Getting employees that are equipped with the right skills and capabilities is the first step towards efficiency and effectiveness in order to meet up with socio – psychological and welfare needs of the family in Nigeria. Deciding and planning for human resources management without considering the socio – psychological and welfare needs of the family involved is to ensure failure of the exercise and there are many critical issues surrounding human resources management in this 21st century in Nigeria. Thus, the important of this work cannot be overemphasized. The employees are the most important asset of Nigeria as a nation because the success and failure of Nigeria depends on them
An Empirical Examination of the Effect of Firm Size on the Financial Reporting Quality of Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies in Sub-Sahara Africa
No full textThe study investigates the effect of firm size
on financial reporting quality by employing
samples from listed consumer goods
manufacturing firms in Sub-Sahara Africa
between the periods of 2011-2020. In this
study, firm size is the independent variable
while financial reporting quality is
measured in terms of Jones discretionary
accrual is the dependent variable. The
study is longitudinal covering a period of
ten (10) years. That is, from 2011 to 2020
employing consumer goods manufacturing
firms in Sub-Sahara Africa. However, only
consumer goods manufacturing firms that
had all relevant data due to continuous
existence were included in the sample. Our
final sample size consists of 16 consumer
goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria, 7
consumer goods manufacturing firms in
Kenya, and 30 consumer goods
manufacturing firms in South Africa. In
testing for the effect of the above variables
on financial reporting quality of listed consumer goods manufacturing firms in
Sub-Sahara Africa, we conducted panel
least square regression before proceeding
to check for inconsistencies with the basic
assumptions of the OLS regression.
Succinctly, these diagnostics tests include
test for multicollinearity as well as test for
heteroscedasticity. The panel fixed and
random effects were employed and
estimated using the appropriate techniques.
The findings of the study reveal that firm
size has a significant relationship with
financial reporting quality in quoted
consumer goods manufacturing firm in
Sub-Sahara Africa. The study recommends
that though larger firms have a stronger
tendency to improved financial reporting
quality, there is the need for small and
medium firms to also focus on improving
reporting quality
Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes among Adults in Alabama
No full textIn the 21stcentury Diabetes mellitus is recognized as one of the most important public health
challenges that carry a substantial individual and community burden.
It is necessary to do a detailed search regarding DM2 from adolescence till adulthood is in
Alabama which should aim to provide recent information. T2D is influenced by a many
factors including demographics including age, sex, income level, educational, BMI,
physical activities, etc. Identification of the associated risk factors is very important to
inform decision making by concerned bodies and T2D management. The study aimed to
examine the risk factors associated with T2D in adults aged 18 years and older in Alabama,
USA. The Social Ecological Model was used in the study. The research questions seek to
find the relationship between diabetes and demographics, dietary intake, physical activities,
BMI and smoking in adults 18 years and older in Alabama while controlling for s age,
income, educational level and employment status as confounders. In the study used a
quantitative and cross-sectional research design was used and the data was collected from
BRFSS 2019. 6,892 respondents were used these included adults 18 years and older in who
reside in Alabama, who were eligible to participate in the 2019 BRFSS survey. Chi- square
was used to show the relationship between diabetes and the different risk factors and
Binomial logistic regression was further used to control for confounder. Results showed
that employment status, age, smoking, educational level, income category and race
significantly predicted diabetes. Dietary intake did not significantly predict diabetes, while
BMI and Physical activities significantly had effect on the risk of diabetes. Knowing he
risk factors associated with diabetes will inform decision making and better diabetes
management progra
INVESTMENT RISKS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BREWERY FIRMS IN SELECTED SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA COUNTRIES
No full textRisks which sometime are from outside the business can only be controlled but when
not properly controlled could bring about business failure. The study evaluated the effect of
investment risk on the financial performance of brewery firms in selected Sub Saharan
African Countries. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study as secondary
data collected were subjected to analysis using Ordinary Least Square and General Method
of Moments (GMM) after preliminary test using Sargan Test. It was revealed that inflation
risk, exchange rate risk, liquidity risk, interest rate and political risk affect negatively the
return on asset. This implies that investment risks are detrimental to firm performance. the
study concluded that for firms to be in operation and succeed investment risks should be
carefully studied and measures to reduce their negative effect put in place. It was
recommended that during foreign transaction/operation currency hedge should be explored
to guide against negative exchange rate fluctuation and its attendant consequences amongst
others
The Anti-Parkinson Potential of Gingko biloba-Supplement Mitigates Cortico-Cerebellar Degeneration and Neuropathobiological Alterations via Inflammatory and Apoptotic Mediators in Mice
No full textActivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) associated with the suppression of various oxido-inflammatory pathways and the controller of several gene expressions involving “antioxidant response elements” (AREs) in their promoters to mediate and restores homeostatic functions is now considered as one of the main switch regulating the immune response, and it is also now involved in inflammatory cascade in PD. Whether therapeutic approach using Ginkgo biloba would have significant protective effects against cortico-cerebellar dopaminergic degeneration in rotenone-induced mice remains unknown. In this present study, we studied the therapeutic effects of Ginkgo biloba-supplement (Gb-S) administration in cortico-cerebellar dopaminergic degeneration. The results revealed that treatment with Gb-S suppresses cognitive decline and neuromuscular incompetence in the mice, abated tyrosine hydroxylase depletion and synucleinopathy development in the cortico-cerebellar neurons of the mice before and after rotenone induction. However, our data further shows increase Nrf2 immunoexpression with decrease oxido-nitrergic and neuroinflammatory release, increase cholinergic enzyme activity and downregulated executioner caspase-3 that may mediate cortico-cerebellar apoptosis. Also, the loss of cortico-cerebellar neurons was attenuated, marked by increase in dendritic spine length and width with numerous viable neurons. Overall findings suggest that Gb-S could be a potential pharmacotherapeutic candidate providing a strong protection for cortico-cerebellar neurocellular substances and against Parkinsonism-like non-motor and motor symptoms
Choice of location for Foreign Direct Investment by multinational corporations: Does tax burden matter?
Get PDFPurpose: This paper investigated the effect of the tax burden on
the inflow of FDI into the continent. The study employed a panel
data set of 48 SSA countries covering a period of 2009 to 2018.
Research methodology: In other to account for the endogeneity
problems associated with most financial data, we employed a
dynamic panel two-step-system-GMM.
Results: The result indicates that tax burden is a negative
determinant of the inflow of FDI. In other words, multinational
corporations attach a significant premium to countries with low tax
burdens than those with a high tax burden. Similarly, an increase
in the mobility of labour is a negative determinant of the inflow of
FDI into the continent. All the economic and financial freedom
indices included in the model have a positive and significant
influence on the inflow of FDI into the continent. A sustainable tax
policy that will lessen the tax burden on foreign investors should
be formulated to enhance the inflow of FDI into the continent.
Limitations: This study employed Dynamic System GMM which
can produce variant results depending on the choice of instrument.
Contribution: This study provides insight on the role of fiscal
policy particularly taxation in explaining the inflow of FDI.
Policymakers, multinational corporations, and other players in the
global FDI market will appreciate the influence that tax exerts on
FDI inflow
New Trends in Pedagogical Assessment in the Post Covid-19 Era
Get PDFThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced sudden transformation in many sectors of the global
community, turning the world upside down. Everything has been impacted, not excluding the
education sector, which has experienced some unforeseen changes in many parts of the world.
The sudden transition to online pedagogy as a result of COVID‐19 in developing countries has
exposed some inequalities and challenges, as well as benefits. These challenges and inequalities
have now become the new realities in the educational sector of developing countries.
Suggestions are provided here so that the challenges presented by the new approach can be
mitigated while we come to terms with the disruptions introduced by COVID‐19 to our
education secto
Insecurity in Nigeria and the Need for Community Policing in Nigeria
No full textThis paper is on Insecurity in Nigeria and the Need for Community Policing in Nigeria. The
aim of the study was to examine the components of community policing in order to determine the extent
which community policing has fared in the fight against insecurity in Nigeria. Anchored on the Public
Relations theory of Community Policing as the theoretical framework of the study, the paper adopted
library research as means of gathering and analysis of data. The paper observed that as among others
that; community policing has the tendency to reduce crime in communities but there has being no much
of community partnership between the police and community residents due to lack of trust on the part of
citizens to the police, and lack of attitudinal change of the part of the police officers, community residents
have wrong perception on the police hence achieving police-community partnership in the fight against
security challenges in Nigeria has been at its lowest ebb, and community policing has not made the police
to be courteous and helpful when interacting with neighborhood residents for problem-solving because
police officers have continued to exhibit a culture of a warrior mindset rather than a guardian to build
trust. Thus, the paper concluded that the foundations of a successful community policing strategy lie in
close, mutually beneficial ties between police and community members. It was suggested that; Since
Nigerian communities and towns have a variety of geographical, tribal, ethnic, and cultural
differences;Community policing frameworks must take into consideration the numerous identities that exist within the community to enable security architecture designed in a manner that maximizes local resources to police communities in ways that suit their peculiar security challenges. It what was further recommended that the police ought to embrace a culture of a guardian—rather than a warrior mindset to build trust, and Police should consider establishing “duty to intervene” policies and management by
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