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Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Family Type, Socioeconomic Status of Parents and Alienation Among Adolescents
Get PDFThe present study examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, family type, socioeconomic status of parents, and alienation among adolescents. Participants were one hundred and forty-eight (148) adolescents comprising males (73) and females (75). Participants were randomly selected from SS1, SS2, and SS3 secondary school students. Their ages ranged from 13 to 17 years with a mean age of 15.26 (SD= 1.03). A cross-sectional design was adopted. Two instruments were used for data collection. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire and The Rowlands Parental Alienation Scale (RPAS). Three hypotheses were tested. Stepwise multiple regression was the main statistic used for data analysis. Results of Stepwise Multiple Regression analysis showed that Adverse Childhood Experiences significantly predicted alienation among adolescents. The result showed that family type and socioeconomic status of parents did not significantly predict alienation among adolescents. A practical implication of the findings is that adolescents who grow up in families where they are exposed to adverse childhood experiences are more likely to be alienated. Limitations and Suggestions for further studies were equally made
MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY AND GREAT POWER HYPOCRISY: INSIGHTS FROM THE IRAQI AND UKRANIAN INVASIONS
Get PDFThe creation of the international system was made possible through a network of legal
norms that regulates the activities of States. It is upon this array of international norms
that peace loving States have depended on to interact, relate, and transact for the benefit
of their citizens at home and abroad, in an atmosphere of peace, cooperation and
friendliness. However, activities of the great powers (like the United States and Russia)
have posed considerable threats to the regulating effects of these norms. More
importantly, the great powers have acted in ways (unilaterally) that have weakened
international legal norms, to the point of making it redundant on some occasions (like
in the invasions of Iraq and Ukraine). It is against this background that the paper
interrogates the maintenance of international peace and security and great power
hypocrisy. By adopting documentary method of data collection and political realism,
the paper finds that the pursuit of national interests by the great powers at the expense
of other members of the international system led to the undermining of the
international legal order, thereby, posing a threat to international peace and security,
which they pledged to protect and maintain. The article also finds that the great powers
adopt a selective justice technique in the pursuit of their interest. The paper therefore
concludes and recommends that universal justice through multilateralism must be a
desideratum for States’ relations in the international system
Stimuli to the Economic Growth of Aba Before 1970
Get PDFUndoubtedly, commerce plays a vital role towards the growth of a particular locality. This is so in
the case of Aba, which is often referred to as ‘the commercial hub’ of Igbo land, South-east of
Nigeria. Looking at Aba from economic dimension, it could be said that the area witnessed a lot of
economic activities especially, trade in oil palm. It was as a result of this mineral resource (oil
palm) that attracted people of different descent- both Africans and non-Africans to the area who
came with their commodities to engage in one form of trade or another. Adopting historical
methodology which encouraged ample utilization of primary (oral and archives) and secondary
sources, it attempts a reconstruction of the history of the town with a view to indicate the relative
contribution of economic factors to its growth. Findings however, revealed that the major stimulus
for the growth of Aba to an urban center was as a result of economic activities that took place in
the town. This factor and the location of Aba, had even before the British presence engendered a
trend in Aba’s growth. This existing force of growth encouraged the rise in population, rise of
entrepreneurship, for instance; leather works that was manifested in the emergence of numerous
foreign and indigenous enterprises, and in fact, laid the infrastructures that has made Aba an
important town in Nigeria. The increased immigration of people attracted by economic
opportunities created a situation in which the Ngwa owners of the land became vastly outnumbered by the non-Ngwa residents. It is on this premise that this paper will examine land and
people of Aba, how Aba emerged as an economic hub as well as discusses the impact of economic
activities on the area under review
The State and Security-Insecurity: A Case Study of the Police and Army Killings in Nigeria
No full textAs a security institution, the Nigerian state is primarily saddled with the responsibility
of ensuring the security of the lives and property of citizens, within her territorial
jurisdiction. However, the state today, grapples with rising cases of insecurity
advancing to clashes between the state actors – the police, the army and other members
of the security agency in direct exchange of fire with some members of the civil society.
This study appropriated the theory of social contract to examine the subject matter.
Methodologically, mixed method of data collection through primary and secondary
sources was adopted and analysis was done in content. Findings revealed among others
that the killing of security agents of the Nigerian state was consequent upon failure of
the state to satisfy the conditions upon which mass compromise and mandate was given
for its formation in the social contract. This article recommended inter alia, improved
social welfare for the masses and implementation of the 2014 National Conference
resolutions in Nigeria for an economic and political restructuring, peace and the
development of the country
Challenges of Insecurity in Organizational Climate and Teaching Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria
No full textThis paper examined the challenges of insecurity in organizational climate and
teaching effectiveness in public secondary schools in Nigeria. Education is a
necessary environmental phenomenon for growth and development. A
significantly positive bond exists between education, schools and the
environment. School administration cannot be devoid of the effect of social,
political and cultural antecedents. School administration process involves the
manipulation of certain operations, it is goal oriented, based on collective and
cooperative human efforts in a suitable environment where participants can
maximize performance. Schools as subsystem of the overall society cannot
operate in a vacuum. They are organized and managed as special features of
administrative activity under the instruments of governance, development and
change required in developing the welfare of Nigeria. An important function of
governance is to maintain peace and order as well as ensure the safety and
security of lives and property of citizens. No worthwhile progress or development
is possible without the provision of security for the citizens. It is pertinent to note
that security is not only the absence of war, but also the provision of basic
necessities of life. Insecurity as a phenomenon is synonymous with contemporary
social life in Nigeria, which manifests in infrastructural deficit, bribery and
corruption, unfavorable policies, mental poverty, unemployment etc. this social
malady has disrupted school management, leading oftentimes to the termination
of a promising learning career, with a debilitating effect in school organization
and other subsystems in the societ
VIABLE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, PEACE AND UNITY IN NIGERIA
No full textEducation has been defined by various practitioners. It is a familiar word heard
in everyday life because education is considered the most significant activity in
any society. It is every interaction that happens in every association, society
and culture that occurs for and in between progress and sustainability. Nigeria
is a plural society and requires a process of socialization, enculturation, and
transmission of worthwhile values of peace and unity to sustain its entity. Peace
and unity have become elusive in Nigeria, and education should be a pivot in its
critical role in developing a broad outlook on what schools stand for, subjects
that are important, how students should learn, what materials and methods
should be used, because a critical appraisal of our education system and
curriculum is a viable tool that can be used to foster national peace and unity.
The importance of education is underscored by the critical roles it has played
across the various experiences of human history and its current lead in
humankinds’ effort to develop and nurture a culture of peace. This paper
examines the critical need now in Nigeria for such education template to
promote national sentiments that should offset regional imbalance, distrust and
disunity. Its focus on reconciliation strategy and peace building techniques is
paramount for bridging the gap through policies and implementation
EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
No full textThe Study determined the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance of listed consumer goods
companies in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the effect of human capital efficiency (HCE) on return on
assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria, evaluate the effect of structural capital efficiency (SCE) on
return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria and ascertain the effect of capital employed efficiency
(CEE) on return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The independent variable intellectual
capital proxied by human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE) and capital employed efficiency
(CEE) while dependent variable financial performance proxied by return on assets (ROA). The ex-post facto research design
which made use of secondary data drawn from the annual report and accounts of four (4) firms in listed consumer goods
companies in Nigerian economy covering a period of ten (10) years from 2010 to 2019 both years inclusive. The theory in
which this study pinned on was resource-based theory and knowledge-based theory. The E-views version 9.0 software
statistical package was used to run the Panel ordinary least square (OLS) for the study. The multiple regression model was
applied in determining the extent of the effect of independent variable (intellectual capital) on dependent variable (financial
performance) of companies under consideration. The result of the regression analysis revealed that human capital efficiency
(HCE) has positive and significant effect on return on assets (ROA) while structural capital efficiency (SCE) and capital
employed efficiency (CEE) have negative and insignificant effect on return on assets (ROA) of listed consumer goods
companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that the human capital efficiency has been shown
to be the key driver of value creation especially in return on assets, efforts should be made to grow intellectual capital of
firms by first recruiting very competent staff, train and motivate them. Also, firms should invest in education and relevant
programmes that can help increase in their structural capital by harnessing information technology
Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Regional and Local Air Quality Across Selected West African Cities
No full textThe emergence of COVID-19 in December 2020 caused national and
regional governments to introduce lockdown and restrict the movement of vehicles and human. There was also
a significant reduction or total stoppage of industrial activities. This study, in the absence of reliable long-term
ground-based measurement of ambient air pollutants, used observations from satellites and reanalysis data
sets to investigate the level of air pollutants in the airshed of seven (7) major COVID-19 epicenters in the West
African subregion and also over the entire subregion during the periods of lockdown. The level of pollutants
during the pandemic in 2020 was compared against the mean of the three preceding years (2017–2019) to
calculate the anomalies. The level of aerosol aerosol optical depth, SO2, and NO2 reduced substantially in 2020
compared to the reference years. However, the atmospheric levels of ozone and CO increased slightly in 2020
as against the reference years. The slight increase in CO levels could be attributed to local burning of domestic
waste and biomass burning. There was a shift in the size distribution of atmospheric aerosols cluster toward the
coarse fraction
Tooling Social Studies Curricula In Nigerian Universities Towards Grooming Effective Leadership For Sustainable Nation Building
Get PDFThis study is a descriptive research survey which sought to determine the extent social studies curricula of Nigerian Universities are equipped with good governance leadership orientation for achieving effective nation building. Five research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study was 324 students of University of Nigeria, Nsukka in the 2017/2018 session offering social studies. There was no sampling as the manageable population was entirely used for the study. The researchers constructed questionnaire was administered on the respondents, after experts validation and a satisfactory reliability co-efficient value of 0.77 was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using mean to answer the research questions. The findings were that to a high extent social studies curricula of Nigerian are not integrated with enough courses to inculcate leadership qualities for good governance directed at achieving effective nation building in Nigeria. The study exposed leadership qualities needed to be incorporated into social studies curricula. It revealed the challenges of improving social studies curricula as follows: slow revision of curricula, non integration of emerging issues, Government non aggressive support of curriculum revision, and that ICT and community resources are less adequately used in teaching social studies. The study further showed how obstacles confronting social studies curricula revision can be addressed and the gains of reformed social studies curricula. The study majorly recommended the introduction of more courses on good leadership governance among others. Based on the findings of the study, conclusion and relevant recommendations were further made
Jatropha tanjorensis a Flora of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation and Characterization of Naringenin and Validation of Bio-enhanced Synergistical Activity of gistical Activity of α- Tocopher ocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates of d Clinical Isolates of Resistant Bacterial
Get PDFJatropha tanjorensis is among the rich floras of Southeast Nigeria and used by ethnic people to treat infections and
manage health conditions. Ethnomedicine has long been employed in the treatment of ailments caused by bacterial pathogens. Studies showed that the incorporation of synthetic α-tocopherol to an antibacterial agent improves its activity.
However, knowledge about the antibacterial-enhanced activity of plant-based α-tocopherols, especially those isolated
from Jatropha tanjorensis, is limited because of the different bioactivities of synthetic and natural α-tocopherols. To
determine the phytochemicals in J. tanjorensis, we carried out the structural elucidation of its leaf extracts. Naringenin
and α-tocopherol were identified based on nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. To validate the bio-enhanced activity
of α-tocopherol, we profiled the crude extracts, naringenin, α-tocopherol, and 1:1 mixture of naringenin and α-tocopherol
against the resistant strains of local clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus using the average diameter of the zone of inhibition (AVDZI), minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration. The results showed that the crude leaf extract (≥
10.2 ± 0.17 mm) and naringenin (≥ 8.1 ± 0.13 mm) exhibited viable antibacterial activities, but α-tocopherol (≤ 2.23 ±
0.12 mm) did not show any activity against all the bacteria assayed. In addition, the 1:1 mixture of naringenin and αtocopherol (≥ 8.7 ± 0.13 mm) showed an improved AVDZI, which suggested the bio-enhanced synergistical activity of
its crude extracts induced by α-tocopherol. The results of these research validate the claims by ethnomedicine practitioners
on the efficacy of J. tanjorensis in the treatment of infections