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Conflict, Legal Displacement and National Identity Crises in Africa: Focus on the people of Bakassi
No full textDisplacements arising from conflict in Africa have been a recurring issue, some
of which have led to national identity crises. The case of the Bakassians,
stemming from the boundary dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon, presents
a socio-political and cultural dilemma reflective of Lubkermann's concept of
"displacement in place," as well as national identity crises caused by legal
frameworks. In this context, the study hypothesized that unless the genuine wishes of the people are sought through a plebiscite, the gross human rights
abuses faced by the people of Bakassi and other inhabitants of Southern
Cameroon will persist. Utilizing the documentary method of data collection
alongside Primordial and Instrumentalist theories, the study found that the
national identity crisis experienced by the people of Bakassi was precipitated by
the cession of Bakassi to Cameroon following the International Court of Justice
(ICJ) ruling in 2002. The study thus concludes and recommends that laws or
sources of law, such as ICJ rulings and the resultant Green Tree Agreement
(GTA), should not be the sole determinants of nationality and identity. Rather,
these should also be based on the indigenous decisions of the people involved
Toxic Workplace and Employee Productivity in Public Institutions: Evidence from Two Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
No full textGenuine workplace loyalty enhances favourable organizational outcomes; however, toxic loyalty drives productivity only in the short run. This study investigated the relationship between toxic workplace loyalty and employee productivity in public institutions with a specific focus on two public universities in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined whether the productivity of employees in the institutions could be enhanced by fear-based, manipulative, exploitative, co-dependent, and peer-based pressure loyalty. Utilizing quantitative and survey-based research, the study comprised 2743 non-academic staff of Benue State University, and Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi from which a sample of 384 participants were drawn. A questionnaire was deployed for data collection and correlation analysis was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS V23). The results indicated that manipulative, exploitative, co-dependent and peer-based pressure loyalty all had a negative and significant influence, fear-based loyalty revealed a positive but weak influence on the productivity of employees in the two universities. It was concluded that toxic workplace loyalty is counterproductive, especially in the long run. Bearing practical implications for administrators, it was recommended amongst other things that, that university administrators, deans and directors should ensure fair clear policies for allocations of resources, create a psychologically safe work environment, strengthen welfare programs, domesticate anti-exploitative policies and labour-regulatory policies to encourage productivity and its sustainability
REDUCTION OF THE GOLD(III) COMPLEX ION, [AUCl3OH]- , BY N-METHYLTHIOUREA, N, N’–DIMETHYLTHIOUREA AND N, N’- DIETHYLTHIOUREA IN AQUEOUS ACID: KINETIC, THERMODYNAMIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES
Full text linkTHE NORTH–SOUTH DICHOTOMY IN NIGERIAN POLITICS: ITS HISTORY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkNigeria is heavily divided along several lines, including religious, ethnic, and regional differences. These divisions
have adversely affected national integration and development and have institutionalized disunity, distrust, and
suspicion among citizens. The research adopted thematic, historical, and eclectic methods, relying on secondary
sources for its analysis. It found that, although the North–South divide in Nigerian politics was deliberately created
by the British colonial government to serve their imperial interests, the actions of the Northern political elite have
largely sustained this divide. The North has consistently resisted efforts by the South to restructure the country
politically and economically, thereby placing Nigeria in a state of arrested development. The study concluded that
restructuring is a panacea for Nigeria’s quest for national integration, as it will promote development
“Local Government Autonomy and National Development”
Full text linkLocal government autonomy in Nigeria has been a subject of continuous debate, significantly
impacting national development. As the third tier of government, local governments are meant to
function independently in delivering grassroots development. However, constitutional
constraints, political interference, and financial dependence on state governments have hindered
their effectiveness. Historically, Nigeria's local government system has evolved from colonialera indirect rule to post-independence reforms aimed at strengthening decentralization. Despite
these efforts, challenges such as inadequate funding, corruption, and limited administrative
capacity persist, affecting service delivery and economic growth at the local level. In the context
of national development, local government autonomy is crucial for improving governance,
enhancing public service delivery, and fostering inclusive economic growth. Models, from other
federal systems like the United States and Germany, suggest that stronger local governance
structures can drive sustainable development. In Nigeria, however, the excessive control by state
governments has weakened the effectiveness of local authorities, creating disparities in
development across regions. This paper employs a qualitative research approach, utilizing
historical and comparative analysis. Data is drawn from secondary sources, including
government reports, academic publications, and policy documents. By examining Nigeria’s local
government structure within its historical and international context, the paper identifies
challenges and best practices in decentralization, Comparative case studies from other federal
systems provide insights into how increased local autonomy can contribute to national
development. The findings aim to inform policy reforms that enhance local governance, ensuring
a more effective and inclusive development process in Nigeria
IMPACT OF TAX REVENUE AND GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON THE REAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study evaluates the effect of tax revenue and government spending
on the Real GDP of Nigeria for1990 to 2022. It employs the ex post
facto research plan, while using the OLS multiple regression technique
to ascertain the impact of the explanatory variables on the dependent
variable. The findings show that tax has a positive but weak effect while
government spending has adverse and little impact on the Real GDP of
Nigeria. The implication is that, for a prolonged period, Nigeria's fiscal
advancement and public spending were conversely connected.
Consequently, Federal Government of Nigeria is advised to reorient
their pattern of spending by allocating more of government finances to
productive expenditures. In addition, they should exploit the country’s
revenue prospects by expanding its revenue base
Evaluating the Efficacy of the Use of Development Finance Intervention by Central Bank in Agri-Business Financing
Full text linkThis paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Central Bank's development
finance interventions in the Nigerian economy. Its primary objectives scrutinized the
accomplishments achieved through these intervention programs, pinpointed the
hurdles they encounter and also highlighted the key components and
methodologies used in the CBN's model for intervening in the agricultural sector. To
achieve this, we adopt a dynamic and recursive model that considers two distinct
sectors within the Nigerian economy. In our analysis, we specifically incorporated
the effects of the CBN's interventions in the agricultural sector by considering them
as expansions in the agricultural capital stock. This methodological approach
allowed us to develop a deeper comprehension of the scale and implications of
these interventions on the agricultural sector as a whole. The study concluded that
the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been actively involved in development
financing since 1964 and has steadily expanded and improved its capabilities in this
field.it therefore Recommended further development by promoting collaboration
with relevant actors, enhancing monitoring, evaluation and strengthening, the
effectiveness of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). The concept of Public
Private Partnerships (PPP) is also encouraged to foster greater economic growth in
the agricultural sector
The Role of Railway in Shaping Post-Colonial African Economies: The Case of Nigeria
Full text linkThe development of railways played an important role in shaping the economic landscape of post-colonial Africa,
especially in Nigeria. Emerging from the shadows of colonial exploitation, primarily as a tool for resource extraction but later the
railway system became a vital tool for national integration, economic development and trade facilitation. This paper adopted a
qualitative research method in tracing the historical evolution of Nigeria’s railway system from colonial times to 2023, its
economic significance and problems faced at post-independence. Findings indicate that while railways have the potential to drive
economic growth, underinvestment, mismanagement, policy inconsistencies and competition from other transport hindered their
full utilization. However, recent modernization efforts, including public-private partnerships and Chinese-funded railway projects,
imply a revival that could enhance Nigeria’s economic prospects. The paper concludes by recommending policy measures to
optimize the sector for sustainable economic growth, including improved governance, investment in modern rail technology and
integration with other transport networks. By assessing Nigeria’s experience, this paper underscores the transformative potential
of railways in Africa’s broader economic narrative
TRANSFORMING NIGERIAN LIBRARIES INTO AI-DRIVEN INNOVATION HUBS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TRENDS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES
No full textThe rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the global knowledge ecosystem,
encouraging libraries to evolve from traditional information repositories into dynamic innovation
hubs. In Nigeria, this transition is particularly urgent as libraries confront increasing demands for
digital services, inclusive learning spaces, and technologically enhanced research environments.
This systematic review synthesizes empirical and conceptual studies published between 2019 and
2025 with the aim to examine how Nigerian libraries are adopting AI, redesigning services, and
positioning themselves as innovation-driven institutions. This research was guided by the
PRISMA methodology, in which 32 publications, including journal articles, conference papers,
and book chapters, were analyzed to identify emerging trends, opportunities, and systemic
challenges. The review reveals that AI is enabling automated cataloguing, predictive user
analytics, intelligent information retrieval, personalized support, and community-focused
innovation programs. However, infrastructural limitations, inadequate AI competencies among
library personnel, funding deficits, and the absence of clear regulatory frameworks constrain
transformational progress. The study proposes a structured model for transforming Nigerian
libraries into AI-driven, socially inclusive innovation hubs and outlines key implications for policy
development, library practice, professional training, and future research
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN ENUGU STATE
No full textThe study evaluated the economic sustainability and performance of civil servants in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to; verify the relationship between cost savings and problem-solving ability; and examine the relationship between job creation and work output of civil servants in Enugu State. The area of the study was Enugu State. The study used the descriptive survey design approach. The primary source of data was the administration of questionnaire. A total population of 288 selected civil servants was used. The whole population was used to due small number. Two hundred and forty-eight (248) respondents returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. Data was presented and analyzed using Likert Scale and the hypotheses tested using Z – test. The findings indicated that there was significant positive relationship between cost savings and problem-solving quality, Z = 10.160, P. = .05. There was significant positive relationship between job creation and work output of civil servants in Enugu State. Z = 10.859, P. = .05. the study concluded that Economic sustainability is a key factor influencing the performance of civil servants in Enugu State. A stable and supportive economic environment enhances job satisfaction, promotes efficiency, and enables civil servants to perform their duties effectively. The study recommended among others that the government should implement cost-effective measures, such as optimizing resource allocation and reducing waste, to ensure financial sustainability while maintaining efficient public services