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Xenophobic Attack among Africans: A Contradiction to Ubuntu Solidarity
Full text linkin our modern world. The practice which involves killings, burning of houses, shops, businesses
and elimination of people because they do not belong to particular ethnic group sends a wrong
phobic attack of Africans against fellow
Xenophobic attack in Africa is a fundamental vice that needs to be uprooted from humanity and
in our modern world. The practice which involves killings, burning of houses, shops, businesses
and elimination of people because they do not belong to particular ethnic group sends a wrong
signal to the world about the Africans. The xenophobic attack of Africans against fellow
Africans, measures as a clear contradiction to Ubuntu solidarity practice because the concept of
Ubuntu appropriately defines African spirit of mutual support, communalism, togetherness,
thy and solidarity. Thus, Xenophobia is a direct attack to the tenets of
in our modern world. The practice which involves killings, burning of houses, shops, businesses
and elimination of people because they do not belong to particular ethnic group sends a wrong
signal to the world about the Africans. The xeno
Africans, measures as a clear contradiction to Ubuntu solidarity practice because the concept of
Ubuntu appropriately defines African spirit of mutual support, communalism, togetherness,
hospitality, kindness, sympathy and solidarity. Thus,Xenophobia is a direct attack to the tenets of
Ubuntu solidarity that teaches mutual respect, justice and fairness, compassion, hospitality and
African Communalism. This paper aims at a comparative study of the tenets of Ubuntu sol
and the contradictions in xenophobic practices. In the same vein, this paper not only raises
awareness on the heinous practice of xenophobia against the African spirit of Ubuntu but goes
ahead to proffer solution towards eradicating this heinous pr
paper adopts qualitative method of research and the philosophical analytic method in order to
determine the degree of contradictions between xenophobic attacks among Africans and African
Ubuntu solidarity while using AP
this paper applies John Bowlby and Ainsworth attachment theory to determine the degree of
disagreement of xenophobia to the African spirit of Ubuntu. The implication of this research is a
return to the right practices of Ubuntu solidarity in order to mitigate and possibly eschew the
tendencies of xenophobia in Africa.
Africans, measures as a clear contradiction to Ubuntu solidarity practice because the concept of
Ubuntu appropriately defines African spirit of mutual support, communalism, togetherness,
thy and solidarity. Thus,Xenophobia is a direct attack to the tenets of
Ubuntu solidarity that teaches mutual respect, justice and fairness, compassion, hospitality and
African Communalism. This paper aims at a comparative study of the tenets of Ubuntu solidarity
and the contradictions in xenophobic practices. In the same vein, this paper not only raises
awareness on the heinous practice of xenophobia against the African spirit of Ubuntu but goes
actice. To achieve the set aim, this
paper adopts qualitative method of research and the philosophical analytic method in order to
determine the degree of contradictions between xenophobic attacks among Africans and African
A referencing style to document research findings. Similarly,
this paper applies John Bowlby and Ainsworth attachment theory to determine the degree of
disagreement of xenophobia to the African spirit of Ubuntu. The implication of this research is a
to the right practices of Ubuntu solidarity in order to mitigate and possibly eschew the
Ubuntu solidarity that teaches mutual respect, justice and fairness, compassion, hospitality and
African Communalism. This paper aims at a comparative study of the tenets of Ubuntu sol
and the contradictions in xenophobic practices. In the same vein, this paper not only raises
awareness on the heinous practice of xenophobia against the African spirit of Ubuntu but goes
ahead to proffer solution towards eradicating this heinous practice. To achieve the set aim, this
paper adopts qualitative method of research and the philosophical analytic method in order to
determine the degree of contradictions between xenophobic attacks among Africans and African
Ubuntu solidarity while using APA referencing style to document research findings. Similarly,
this paper applies John Bowlby and Ainsworth attachment theory to determine the degree of
disagreement of xenophobia to the African spirit of Ubuntu. The implication of this research is a
to the right practices of Ubuntu solidarity in order to mitigate and possibly eschew the
tendencies of xenophobia in Africa
AKA AJA AJA NA EBUTE ONU MMANU MMANU
Full text linkThe twin cultural celebrations, Itu Aka and Igwo Onwa, the reason for which we have come here today, are pointers to the jurisprudential standard that made Ngwuru and his sons tower tall above their neighbours over the ages. Though this has stood the taste of time, no establishment is impervious to debilitating challenges over time. A community's ability to assess and interpret these signs of the time gives affirmation to their integrity as a viable, rational and responsive human society. This is the thrust of this paper – to identify such challenges in the present time and point the way to addressing them as a contribution to food security, safeguarding the integrity of Nguru culture as a people and to defending our cherished values as a people.
Nde Ebeke anyi, ekelee m unu!
Uboma na nde ime Obi Ubomma, kaanu nka oo!
Oha mmadu nile gbakoro ebe a, nwoko, nwanyi, nne na nna, umu okorobia na umu agbogho, umu Ngwuru na nde enyi ha, nde ogo, nakwa nde nile nwhe gbasara Ngwuru Uboma Ahia Ise n’eji amasi,
Oha na eze, ndeewo nu o! Unu abiala ee
Sustainability and Scalability of Igbo Apprenticeship System in South East Nigeria: Prospects and Problems
Full text linkIgbo Apprenticeship System (IAS) is a traditional institution in Southeastern Nigeria for developing human capital,
entrepreneurship, skills transmission, and the creation of employment. Its feasibility and potential for scaling up are
controversial. Mixed-method design was used in this research, which incorporated surveys (n = 360) of Abia, Anambra,
and Enugu States with observation, focus groups, and interviews. Human Capital Theory was applied as our Theoretical
framework. Findings showed that IAS had substantial effects on business ownership (68%, p< .01), survival of
businesses (76%, p< .01), self-reliance (80%, p<.01), and unemployment reduction (75%, p< .01) from the formulated
hypotheses empirical evidence further verifies that IAS has unmatched scalability potential and can be scaled out
everywhere in Nigeria if implemented in national entrepreneurship, vocational training, education, and human capital
policy. The research contributes to cultural economics and human capital literature since it proposes IAS as a scalable,
indigenously driven system that has the capability to generate a sustainable development agenda, institutionally and
economically
Evaluation of anti‑infammatory and anti‑oxidant properties of Anacardium occidentale leaf
No full textInfammation is a critical factor in various chronic diseases, and the search for natural anti-infammatory agents has gained
attention. This study investigates the anti-infammatory potential of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) leaf extract. A preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, with alkaloids (1.667±0.004 mg/ml) and
saponins (1.568±0.001 mg/ml) as the most abundant. These compounds, along with favonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and
steroids, are known for their pharmacological properties, including infammation modulation. The study utilized various
antioxidant assays, including DPPH, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which demonstrated signifcant radical
scavenging activity, indicating the extract's potential to reduce oxidative stress-induced infammation. The ethanol extract
exhibited notable inhibition of protein denaturation, protease activity, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide scavenging, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, supporting its anti-infammatory potential. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding interactions between the plant's phytochemicals and key infammatory proteins, with favone, myricetin, and catechin
displaying superior binding afnity compared to standard anti-infammatory drugs like diclofenac and ibuprofen. These
fndings suggest that A. occidentale leaf extract possesses signifcant anti-infammatory and antioxidant properties, likely
due to its rich phytochemical composition. The extract's ability to inhibit key infammatory pathways highlights its potential
as a natural therapeutic agent for managing infammation-related diseases such as arthritis, asthma, neuro-infammation, and
metabolic disorders. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate its efcacy and explore its potential integration
into conventional medicine
Phytochemical composition, toxicity assessment, and hepatorenal effects of methanol extracts of Vitex doniana Leaves in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Full text linkBackground: Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains a significant public health
concern in tropical regions, including Nigeria. The increasing resistance of Plasmodium
species to conventional antimalarial drugs necessitates the search for alternative therapies
from medicinal plants. Vitex doniana is traditionally used for malaria treatment, but its
biochemical effects remain underexplored. This study investigates the phytochemical
composition, toxicity, and hepatorenal effects of methanol extracts of V. doniana leaves in
Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.
Methods: Preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted
to identify bioactive constituents. Acute toxicity (LD₅₀) was assessed up to 5000 mg/kg
body weight. P. berghei-infected mice were treated with V. doniana extract, and hepatorenal
parameters, including liver enzyme activities (ALT, AST, ALP), total bilirubin, kidney
function markers (urea, creatinine), and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium), were
evaluated.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed moderate levels of steroids, carbohydrates,
glycosides, proteins, and flavonoids, while phenolics, terpenoids, and tannins were present
in high concentrations. Saponins were not detected. The extract exhibited no acute toxicity
up to 5000 mg/kg. Treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) parasitemia levels compared
to the untreated group. Hepatorenal assessment showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in
ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin levels, indicating hepatoprotective effects. Similarly, kidney
function markers (urea and creatinine) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), suggesting
nephroprotective properties. Serum electrolyte analysis revealed increased sodium and
potassium levels in treated groups compared to untreated controls.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the phytochemical richness of V. doniana leaves
and their potential therapeutic benefits. The extract demonstrated no acute toxicity and
exerted significant hepatorenal protective effects, reducing liver and kidney dysfunction
in P. berghei-infected mice. Also, its modulation of serum electrolytes suggests a role in
maintaining physiological homeostasis. This study provides scientific validation for the
traditional use of V. doniana in malaria treatment and supports its potential as a safe and
effective natural remedy for malaria-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction
Assessment of Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin C Status in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood of Intrapartum Women in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: Zinc, selenium, and vitamin C are vital antioxidants that mitigate
oxidative stress. Pregnancy-induced metabolic changes may alter their levels,
affecting maternal and fetal health. Aim: This study evaluated zinc, selenium, and
vitamin C concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood of women in labor
in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted
among 48 mother-neonate pairs. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples (5 mL
each) were collected postpartum. Zinc and selenium were analyzed using atomic
absorption spectrophotometry, while vitamin C was measured colorimetrically.
Results: Mean maternal and cord serum zinc levels were 41.61 ± 2.45 µg/dL
and 42.65 ± 4.7 µg/dL, respectively, indicating deficiency. Selenium averaged
168.10 ± 14.47 µg/L in maternal serum and 197.56 ± 16.74 µg/L in cord blood,
with neonatal levels exceeding physiological limits. Vitamin C concentrations
were 7.53 ± 0.26 mg/L (maternal) and 7.11 ± 0.50 mg/L (cord), both
within normal ranges. Correlation analysis showed a weak maternal-cord
zinc relationship (r = 0.11, P = 0.46), a significant positive correlation for
selenium (r = 0.48, P = 0.00059), and a slight negative correlation for vitamin
C (r = −0.022, P = 0.88). Conclusion: Zinc deficiency in maternal and cord blood
highlights the need for routine monitoring and supplementation. Elevated neonatal
selenium suggests potential toxicity risks, requiring further research. Adequate
vitamin C levels indicate sufficient nutrition, supporting immune function and
oxidative stress reduction. These findings emphasize the importance of maternal
micronutrient balance for neonatal health
INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES ON PUPILS’ ENGAGEMENT IN LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU EDUCATION ZONE, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study examined the strategies teachers employ to engage pupils in learning and the
extent to which these strategies influence pupils’ active participation in classroom activities in primary
schools in Enugu Education Zone, Enugu State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted,
involving a population of 1,471 public primary school teachers. Using the Taro Yamane formula, a
sample of 305 teachers (285 females and 20 males) was selected. Data were collected through a
validated questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.87, determined via a trial test in Agbani Education
Zone. Data analysis was conducted using mean, standard deviation, and independent sample t-tests at
a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that teachers employed a range of engagement strategies—
including group discussions, inquiry-based learning, storytelling, and the use of real-life scenarios—
which significantly promoted pupils’ active participation. Classroom management practices also played
a pivotal role in enhancing learning outcomes. Based on these findings, the study concludes that while
teachers are making efforts to engage pupils, their impact is limited by resource and capacity
constraints. It recommends: that increased provision of instructional materials and technology and that
regular professional development on modern engagement and classroom management strategies.
These interventions aim to enhance teaching quality and improve learning outcomes across primary
schools in Enugu Education Zon
Quality of life and stigma among persons affected by leprosy or buruli ulcer in Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
Full text linkIntroduction Skin Neglected tropical diseases including leprosy and Buruli ulcer cause aesthetic and functional
impairments due to late detection of the diseases. This study assessed the quality of life and stigma among persons
affected by leprosy or Buruli ulcer in Nigeria.
Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study. It involved 635 persons affected by leprosy or Buruli
ulcers who were purposively selected from the endemic local government areas in six Southern States of Nigeria.
The SARI Stigma Scale was used to assess stigma while the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to determine the
Quality of life. Chi-square test, Correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests and multivariate analysis using
binary logistic regression analysis were used in the study. The level of statistical significance was determined by a
p-value of <0.05.
Results The mean age of the respondents was 43.8±17.0years. A higher proportion of the respondents, 78.9% were
affected by leprosy. Less than one-third of the respondents, 29.3% had good quality of life. The mean overall stigma
score was significantly higher for leprosy patients when compared with BU, (p=0.042). There was a strong negative
correlation between overall stigma and overall quality of life, (n=635, r=-0.530, p<0.001). There was a strong positive
correlation between overall social support and overall quality of life, (n=635, r=0.558, p<0.001). Predictors of good
quality of life included having no formal education, (AOR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.7), being unemployed, (AOR=0.4, 95%CI:
0.2–0.7), having vocational training, (AOR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.1–4.1), being affected by leprosy, (AOR=4.3, 95%CI: 2.3–8.1)
and having poor social support, (AOR=0.1, 95%CI: 0.05–0.2).
Conclusion The quality of life of the individuals decreases as the level of stigma increases. Thus, the need to continue
community health education campaigns to change the existing stereotypes about the diseases and provide strong
social support for the affected individuals
ENHANCING SECONDARY EDUCATION ASSESSMENT POLICY AND PRACTICE IN ENUGU URBAN USING DIGITAL ASSESSMENT
Full text linkIn the context of secondary education in Enugu Urban, the
integration of digital assessment methods holds significant
promise for enhancing both assessment policy and practices. The
purpose of the study was to find out how secondary education
assessment policy and practice can be enhanced in Enugu Urban
using digital assessment.The research utilized a non
experimentaldesign of descriptive research type. The population
for the study consisted of 1,797 teachers of 31 secondary schools
in Enugu Urban. Eleven schools were randomly drawn from 31
secondary schools using simple random sampling. Taro
Yamene‘s formula was used to determine the sample size of 327
teachers. From these drawn schools, the sample of the 327
teachers was drawn usingstratifiedrandom sampling. Three
research questions aligned with the study‘s objectives, guiding
the investigation.Instrument for data collection was a well
structured
questionnaire.Two
specialists
in
Educational
Research, Measurement and Evaluation validated the structured
questionnaire.The questionnaire was also tested for reliability
using Cronbach Alpha and the reliability coefficient was 0.83.
The data collected were analyzed using arithmetic mean. The
findings from the study indicated that digital assessment
enhances secondary education assessment policy and practice in
Enugu Urban. It was recommended that the study findings be
made available to the Enugu State Ministry of Education. It was
also recommended among others that digital assessment should
be introduced in secondary schools in Enugu Urban and teachers
be trained on how to integrate digital assessment into assessment
processes
INTERSECTION OF APPRENTICESHIP CURRICULUM AND THE PRINCIPLES OF CLIMATE JUSTICE AND JUST ENERGY TRANSITION: A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThe intersection of apprenticeship curriculum and the principles of climate justice and just energy
transition represent a unique opportunity to promote a more sustainable future in Nigeria. This paper explores
how integrating these principles into apprenticeship programs can equip learners with the skills and knowledge
necessary to drive sustainable development and address climate change challenges. By examining current
literature and case studies, the paper highlights the benefits of such integration, including the promotion of
social equity, environmental sustainability, and economic resilience. The integration of climate justice and just
energy transition principles into apprenticeship curriculums represents a critical evolution in vocational
training, aligning education with the urgent demands of sustainable development and social equity. This
approach aims to blend technical training in renewable energy technologies with comprehensive education on
environmental policies and social equity. By incorporating core technical skills, environmental education, and
practical experience, apprenticeship programs can empower individuals to participate actively in the green
economy, ensuring economic opportunities are accessible to all and promoting environmental stewardship.
This article investigates how climate justice and just energy principles can be used to guide and shape the
energy transition in Nigeria. The goal is to ensure that the transition is inclusive, sustainable and beneficial for
all segments of society. It highlights the need for comprehensive policy frameworks that balance
developmental concerns and market creation. The study recommended that Nigeria government should develop
a national framework that integrates climate justice and just energy transition principles into apprenticeship
curricula. Create a multi-stakeholder task force to oversee the integration process, including representatives
from educational institutions, industry, government, and civil society and more