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SOCIOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION
Get PDFSociology goes beyond the simple study of the society. It must be studied in an organized way. In 1838, Augustus Comte a French philosopher coined the concept “Sociology” which he defined as the systematic study of society. He wanted the new discipline to follow the scientific line of thought. It should be noted here that Comte only had the credit of giving the discipline its name. Sociology according to Aguene is the study of the society, its transformations, consequences and possible solutions.
Philosophy from the 18th and 19th centuries gave rise to sociology. Moral philosophy and sociology split out to form a specialist field. Sociology is a social science that investigates human societies, their connections, and the mechanisms that maintain and transform them, (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2022). This is accomplished by looking at the dynamics of the many societal components, including institutions, communities, people, and groupings based on gender, race, or age. Along with societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution, sociology also examines social rank or stratification, social movements, and social transformation (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2022),
Human behavior is generally governed by social interactions, in large part because humans lack the instincts that drive most animal behavior. Therefore, in order to make decisions and take acts, humans need social structures and organizations. Given the significant role that organizations play in shaping human behavior, sociology's mission is to understand how organizations influence individual behavior as well as how they are founded, interact with one another, degrade, and finally dissolve
Teacher Education and Development: The Way Forward in Repositioning Education in the 4th Industrial Revolution
No full textThis paper investigated the rationale for teacher education and professional development in re-positioning education in the 4th industrial revolution in Enugu State, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. A descriptive survey design was employed as the research design for the study. The population of the study is made up of 60 respondents selected across all levels of education, comprising 20 teachers each drawn from 2 public and 2 private schools across all levels of education in Enugu State. Structured questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. The sample size is the same as the population of the study because the size was manageable, the whole population was studied. The collected data was analysed using frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study state that most teachers across all levels of education both private and public schools have the desire to adopt advanced technologies, to help them develop themselves professionally, promote their students’ academic excellence, make them better teachers, and as well enhance their intellectual growth. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the educational system should as a matter of necessity, enlighten, motivate, and embolden teachers across all levels of education on the need to link these technologies and smart devices to teaching and learning to promote teacher education and teacher professional development
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: OVERCOMING CHALLENGES AND EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
No full textEntrepreneurship development in Nigeria plays a critical role in fostering economic growth, especially
within the context of the digital economy. Despite its significance, entrepreneurship faces multifaceted challenges
that hinder its growth and impact. This study investigates the barriers that impede entrepreneurship in Nigeria and
proposes strategies to surmount these obstacles while expanding opportunities. The research employed a
descriptive survey design methodology, with data primarily gathered through questionnaire administration. The
study encompassed a total population of 3156 individuals, and a sample size of 355 was determined using the
Cochran formula. Of these, 302 respondents returned accurately completed questionnaires. Descriptive statistics
were utilized for data presentation and analysis, while correlation analysis was employed to test the hypotheses.
The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between access to digital infrastructure and entrepreneurship
activity, indicating that regions with better digital resources exhibit higher levels of entrepreneurial dynamism.
Conversely, higher regulatory barriers are associated with reduced growth and success of digital entrepreneurship
ventures, highlighting the need for streamlined regulatory frameworks. While entrepreneurial intentions show
minor variations between digital and non-digital sectors, the overall similarity suggests a shared entrepreneurial
mindset across different sectors in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends prioritizing
investments in digital infrastructure, streamlining regulatory processes, and implementing sector-specific support
programs to foster a conducive environment for entrepreneurship and stimulate economic growth
Socio-economic Correlates of Intestinal Helminthiasis Infestation in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Presenting in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-ozalla, Enugu
Get PDFIntestinal helminthiasis [IH] affects all age
groups, though children are predominantly
affected [1]. Among these children, preschool
and school-aged children are at the highest risk
of severe morbidity from the disease [1]. Over
267 million preschool-age children and 600
million school-age children are infested with
intestinal helminths worldwide [2]. Important
determinants in epidemiology and transmission
of IH are climatic factors, poverty, inadequate
water supply, poor sanitation, and poor personal
hygiene, especially shoe wearing and hand
washing [3,4]
Introducing E-Portfolio as Authentic Assessment Tool for the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Imperatives for Smart Green Schools
No full textThe Smart and Green Schools initiative of Enugu State Government is an innovative and skill-oriented
programme aimed at preparing pupils and students at basic education level to function effectively and responsibly
in the era of Fourth Industrial Revolution. Assessment is crucial to effective and innovative educational practices.
However, some forms of assessment hinder innovative educational practices. Education stakeholders are
expressing concern over their inability to use standardised test for authentic assessment of students. This paper
focused on introducing e-portfolio as an authentic assessment tool for pupils and students in the Smart and Green
Schools in Enugu State. The paper x-rayed the current assessment practices in the schools and how pupils and
students can develop functional skills such as critical thinking through the use of e-portfolios. The e-portfolio
facilitates holistic assessment of learning. However, despite the relevance of e-portfolio towards robust and
authentic assessment practices, the paper highlighted that most teachers do not possess sufficient knowledge to
use e-portfolio for assessing the students’ knowledge and skills. In addition, the paper noted that the teachers,
pupils and students’ digital literacy level is low for effective utilization of e-portfolio for authentic assessment of
learning in the Smart and Green Schools. The study recommended among others, urgent and extensive training
of teachers, pupils and students on the application of e-portfolio for effective delivery of authentic assessment of
learning in the schools
THE EFFECTS OF WORK STRESS ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN THE COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examined the effect of job stress on employee’s performance in the Commercial
Banking Sector Nigeria. It was carried out to investigate the effect of work stress on employee
performance in some sampled commercial banks in Nigeria. The population of the study is made
up of four sampled commercial banks in Nigeria. The banks include: Access bank Plc, First
Bank of Nigeria Plc, Fidelity Bank Plc and Zenith Bank Plc. Result indicated that there is a
strong positive correlation between strategies adapted to control and reduce stress and
employees performance. The data presented and analyzed were based on findings from the
questionnaire distributed to the employees of the four banks. The researchers distributed 250
copies of the questionnaire to the respondents. Out of the 250 copies of the questionnaire
distributed, 212 were properly filled and found relevant for the study, while the remaining 38
copies of the questionnaire were either not properly filled or misplaced by the respondents. This
shows a response rate of 85 percent. Likert-type items on a five point scale and open-ended
questions were employed to measure the perceptions of the respondents on the effects of stress
on employee performance in some sampled banking sector in Nigeria. Data obtained are
presented using the tabular format, and analyzed using percentage method. From the analyzed
data, chi-square statistical technique was used to test the hypotheses. The study concluded that
workplace stress among employees must be handled with utmost seriousness if productivity of
the organization is to be increased at any point in time since only healthy workers can contribute
maximally to the growth and development of the work organization. The study recommended that
the management of Nigerian Commercial Banking Industry as a matter of necessity should
contrive a new method of job allocation to employees in order to prevent workload. The study
recommended that banking sector should ensure that there are regular workshops and
conferences on stress management among workers in the Nigerian banking sector
Computer educators' perception of the utilization of online assessment in the Covid‐19 era
Get PDFThe proliferation of ICT in today's world of work particularly in education has
necessitated the need to assess lecturers' views of online assessment use in the
covid‐19 era given the disruptions in face‐to‐face teaching and learning
process. The study adopted a mixed research design. The population for the
study was 84 computer educators made up of 40 males and 44 females from
the four public tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three research
questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The instruments used for data
collection were a structured questionnaire titled “Computer Educators'
Perception of Use of Online Assessment” (CEPUOA) and a guided interview
relating to the research questions. The internal consistency was determined
using the Cronbach α reliability test which gave an index of .9. The data
collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the null
hypotheses were tested using a t‐test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings
of the study indicated that computer educators have a positive disposition
toward the use of online assessment in conducting various assessment
techniques such as tests/quizzes, semester examinations, and seminar/project
evaluations. The findings of the study further showed that the utilization of
online assessment techniques facilitates timely monitoring of students'
progress, and the provision of immediate feedback to the learners helps in
preparing students with digital skills required to function in the 21st‐century
workplace, among others. In view of these, it was recommended that tertiary
institutions should initiate workable policies that will encourage the effective
use of online assessment by lecturers
Medical Morbidity Profile of Adults in a Rural Community in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Survey
Get PDFIntroduction: People in rural communities are exposed to the risk factors for
non-communicable disease as those in urban areas. Correct interpretation
and management of symptoms are important in primary care especially in
rural communities where diagnostic facilities are not readily available. Mate
rials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a village in
Enugu South Local Government area of Enugu State. Thorough medical his
tory was taken from all eligible participants who gave their consent. Data
were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Data from a total of 1019
(64.7%) out of 1576 participants were analysed. Fever was by far the most
common presenting complaint 580 (56.9%) of all participants and 67.9% of
medical complaints seen in the clinic. This was followed remotely by muscu
loskeletal problems and neurological problems 15.6% and 3.8% of the partic
ipants respectively. Across all age groups, febrile illness was more than
non-febrile illness except in those 65 years. Generalized body pains 74 (7.3%),
back pains 55 (5.1), headache 33 (3.2%) and abdominal pains 24 (2.4%) were
the commonest symptoms presented by the participants. About 15 (1.5%) of
the population surveyed had had trauma/surgery in the past. This was twice
the number who presented to the clinic with symptoms related to injury and
trauma 7 (0.7%). Conclusions: Fever and musculoskeletal pains are the do
minant medical complaints presented by adults in a rural community clinic