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Assessment of 21st Century Competencies Science Education Lecturers Possess in Universities in Enugu State, Nigeria
No full textThis study investigated 21st-century competencies possessed by science education lecturers at the
University of Nigeria Nsukka and Godfrey Okoye University Enugu. One research question and three null
hypotheses guided the study, adopting a descriptive survey research design. The sample for the study comprised
67 Faculty of Science Education lecturers at the University of Nigeria Nsukka and Godfrey Okoye University
Enugu. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected using a 20-item
21st-century competency questionnaire developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated by three
validators in educational measurement and evaluation at the Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
A 0.79 coefficient of internal consistency index was for the instrument using Cronbach Alpha. The collected data
were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA statistics. Findings
revealed that communication and collaboration skills are possessed by Science Education lecturers to a high
extent, whereas learning and innovation skills, information literacy skills, digital literacy skills, and life career
skills are possessed to a low extent. Also, there was a significant difference in the 21st-century competencies of
science education lecturers based on gender, experience, and qualification. The study concluded that 21st-century
competencies are vital for lecturers to thrive in modern society and recommends that tertiary institutions organize
in-service hands-on workshops to teach lecturers 21st-century competencies; and lecturers should see private
avenues to improve their 21st-century skills
FOSTERING A LEGAL, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL REGIMES FOR A PRODUCTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LAW
Get PDFThis paper explores the imperative of cultivating a more robust and pragmatic legal, regulatory, and institutional environment to nurture a productive entrepreneurship in Nigeria. By examining the historical context of entrepreneurship in the nation, it underscores the significance of aligning contemporary efforts with the nation's entrepreneurial heritage. Presenting an in-depth analysis of the existing legal and regulatory framework, the study identifies gaps and discrepancies that hinder entrepreneurial growth. It examines challenges and barriers such as bureaucratic red tape, lack of access to funding, and inadequate intellectual property protection in practice. Drawing from international best practices, the paper benchmarks successful models and strategies from other countries, offering insights that can be adapted to Nigeria's unique context. Proposed reforms encompass streamlining registration procedures, enhancing access to finance, and fortifying intellectual property laws. Anticipated benefits and impacts of these reforms include an influx of innovative startups, increased job opportunities, and heightened economic diversification. Additionally, the paper underscores the potential for enhancing Nigeria's global competitiveness by attracting foreign direct investment
Prevalence and Determinants of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Subjects with Hypertension in a Tertiary Centre in South East Nigeria
Get PDFObjective: To study the prevalence and determinants of the use of complementary and alternative
medicine (CAM) in patients with hypertension (HTN).
Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients visiting the medical outpatient Clinic at Enugu State
University Teaching Hospital in Southeast Nigeria were interviewed. Information was obtained on
the patients' demographics, type(s), duration, pattern and disclosure of CAM use, sources of
recommendation and reasons for using CAM.
Results: The prevalence of CAM use was 4.4%. The most commonly used CAM was biologic
based therapy; bitter leaf (Vernonia amigdalina) (90.9%), Ginger (90.9%), garlic (72.7%), Cinnamon
(45.5%), bitter kola (Garcinia kola) (36.4%), lemon grass (9.1%), green tea (9.1%), guava (9.1%)
and mango leaves (9.1%). This was followed by manipulative and body-based (exercise and
relaxation), and then spiritual method (fasting and prayer). Most subjects used CAM concurrently
with orthodox medicine (63.6%), and neither knew the constituent of what they were taking (72.7%)
nor revealed to their healthcare provider (HCP) that they were on CAM (81.8%). The most common
reason for the non-disclosure is that the HCP will discourage them (66.7%). Most subjects used
CAM to manage hypertension (54.5%).
Conclusion: A proportion of patients receiving orthodox medication for HTN also use CAM. A
better treatment outcome would emanate from education of HCP and the general public on CAM
use, legislation on the control of unwholesome and harmful use of CAM, and well-funded research
on proven and potential CAM modalities for the benefit of humanity
Awareness and Frequency of Encounter With Subjects With Antiphospholipid Syndrome by Medical Practitioners in Tertiary and Some Other Health Institutions in Southeast Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune multisystem
disorder. There has been a limited number of reported cases from Nigeria.
Objectives: To determine the awareness and frequency of encounters with
APS cases by medical practitioners in health institutions in South East
Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All
medical doctors met in the clinics who were willing to participate in the study
were recruited during the period of the study. Statistical Package for Social
Sciences was used for data entry, validation, and analysis. Results: A total of
581 study questionnaires were distributed to medical doctors met at the clinics
and clinical meetings of five hospitals in Southeast Nigeria however, 581 were
approximately filled and retrieved, giving an response rate of 94.84%. Males were
383 (69.5%) and females were 168 (30.5%). A total of 445 (80.8%) were unaware
of the autoimmune multisystemic nature of APS. Of the 551 respondents, 348
(63.2%) were aware that Rheumatologist is the primary care physician for APS,
290 (52.6%) reported rarity of APS, and 366 (66.4%) had up to 50% overall
knowledge of APS. Respondents’ encounters with unexplained thrombotic
events and unexplained stroke in the young were limited. A total of 62 (11.3%)
were aware of the international classification criteria for APS. Conclusion: The
authors conclude that APS awareness among medical practitioners in South East
Nigeria is suboptimal
EFFECT OF TERTIARY EDUCATION TRUST FUND (TETFUND) ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
No full textThe study examined the effect of Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) on sustainable
development of Tertiary Educational Institutions in South East, Nigeria. The study specifically established the
extent TETFund intervention influenced academic attainment of tertiary educational institutions in South East,
Nigeria and determine the extent TETFund intervention affected graduate employability of tertiary educational
institutions in South East, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design while the quantitative data
used in the study was sourced primarily from a well-structured questionnaire. Study population was 19,200
academic and non-academic staff of the target tertiary educational institutions in the area. Freud and Williams
(1986) formula for sample size determination was employed to arrive at a sample size of 899. Data collected for
the study were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables, percentages, mean and standard
deviations) while the research hypotheses were tested using one-sample student’s t-test. Findings revealed that
academic attainment (t*=32.716, p=0.000<0.05) and graduate employability (t*=13.910, p=0.000<0.05) in
tertiary educational institutions in South East, Nigeria. Implication of the findings is that TETFund intervention
played substantial role in the development of sustainable tertiary educational institutions in Southeastern
Nigeria. Conclusion was drawn that TETFund intervention is a noteworthy promoter of sustainable
development in tertiary educational institutions in South East, Nigeria. The study recommended that the
Tertiary educational institutions should work towards strengthening their relationship with TETFund so that
they make more funds available for building/acquiring more infrastructural facilities like desks/chairs, provision
of modern lecture halls and classrooms, building modern student hostels, providing modern ICT facilities,
equipping the libraries and laboratories, et
Impact of Strategic Management Accounting on Public Financial Management Reform: A Comparative Study of State Revenue Agencies in Nigeria
No full textThis study investigates the impact of strategic management accounting (SMA) on public financial management reform within Nigerian state revenue agencies. The specific objectives of the study are: assess current strategic management accounting practices in state revenue agencies across Nigerian states, analyze the perceived impact of strategic management accounting on public financial management reform effectiveness and propose recommendations to enhance integration of strategic management accounting in Nigerian state revenue agencies' public financial management reforms. Through factor analysis, the research examines strategic management accounting practices across different states, assesses their relationship with reform effectiveness, and evaluates the influence of recommended strategies on SMA integration. Findings reveal significant diversity in strategic management accounting adoption among states, with factors like cost management and performance measurement playing crucial roles. The analysis confirms a positive correlation between strategic management accounting implementation and reform effectiveness, highlighting the importance of organizational culture, leadership support, and resource allocation in enhancing strategic management accounting integration. Based on these insights, recommendations include standardized strategic management accounting practices, enhanced leadership support, and a robust monitoring framework to sustain and optimize financial management reforms
Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ducts Arteriosus: Impact of Ductal Size on Left Output and Aortic Doppler Velocimetry
Get PDFChildren with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) present with several degrees of hemodynamic states. It is not known if there
is any link between ductal size and hemodynamic states. This study elicited the prevalence of hemodynamically signifi
cant PDA (hsPDA) and attempted to document the impact of ductal size on left output and aortic Doppler velocimetry.
This is a cross-sectional study that assessed the prevalence of hsPDA and the relationship of ductal size and parameters
of left ventricular function (LVF) in children and adolescents aged 3–19 years. The mean left ventricular mass (LVM) for
respondents with PDA, 8.3 ± 5.3, was lower than that of the control, 14.3 ± 5.2, and the mean difference was found to be
statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U = 7.270, p < 0.001). The prevalence of small, moderate, and large hsPDA was
40.7%, 35.6%, and 23.7% respectively. The commonest age of presentation of hsPDA is 1 month of age. There was a weak
negative correlation between PDA size and ejection fraction (EF), increases in PDA size correlate with decreases in EF,
but this was not found to be statistically significant (n = 59, r = − 0.233, p = 0.076). There was a weak positive correlation
between PDA size and velocity, increases in PDA size correlate with increases in velocity, and this was not found to be
statistically significant (n = 43, r = 0.252, p = 0.104). The prevalence of hsPDA in this study was high. The LVM in healthy
children and adolescents was higher than in those with PDA. Left ventricular mass in children with PDA correlates inversely
with descending aorta velocity
On the Large-sample Size Critical Values of the Maximum Absolute Internally Studentized Residuals
Get PDFThe maximum absolute internally studentized residual is a regular diagnostic measure for identification of a single outlying observation in the response variable in linear regression models. However, due to the daunting and formidable nature of the probability density function of this statistic, exact critical values are tough to compute. The Bonferroni inequality and intensive simulations are the only tools for determining its critical values as a means for detecting a single outlying observation in a linear regression model. In this paper, we present a straightforward alternative technique for obtaining asymptotic critical values of this statistic. The
technique can be applied to any linear regression model and
is convenient for routine use. The asymptotic distribution of this statistic is derived and used in obtaining the upper bounds for its critical values. It is shown that the proposed technique does not depend on the number of independent variables or the number of regression parameters in the model. Thus, the computational cumbersomeness and tedium imposed by the complexity associated with the distribution of this statistic and the use of the Bonferroni inequality are circumvented. The main advantages of the proposed procedure are its computational simplicity and efficiency to handle large datasets in high dimension. The asymptotic critical values of this statistic obtained by the proposed method are almost identical to those obtained by other authors, even though the techniques and principles employed in this work are entirely different from that employed by the
Insights on the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of the Polyphenolic Rich Fraction of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monachino (Tiliaceae) Leaves
Get PDFGlyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monachino has been employed folklorically in West Africa for decades to manage inflammatory disorders such as peptic ulcer, edema, dyspepsia, and worm infestations; however, these pharmacological activities have not been scientifically proven. The study investigated the chemical composition and in-vitro/invivo anti-inflammatory capabilities of the polyphenolic-rich fraction of G. brevis leaves (PREG). In-vitro anti-inflammatory indices were evaluated using the human red blood cell (HRBC) methods. The acute lethality (LD50) test was demonstrated in mice with graded dosages (10 to 5000 mg/kg body weight of PREG) via oral intubation. While invivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined using a mice model inflicted with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1ml of undiluted fresh egg albumin paw edema using egg albumin. All parameters were assayed according to standard protocols. High levels of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and minimum amounts of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponins were observed in PREG. The LD50 test demonstrated no toxicity and mortality in mice up to 5.0 g/kg bw p.o. PREG. The anti-inflammatory assays showed that at the different concentrations (0.2 - 1.0 mg/ml), PREG effectively inhibited albumin denaturation, platelet aggregation, hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, protease, and phospholipase A2 activity, as the standard drugs (Aspirin and Prednisolone). Also, PREG suppressed significantly (p< 0.05) the progression of egg albumin-induced mice paw edema, and these increased with time (0.5 - 5h). The maximum percentage of edema inhibition (91.4%) was observed in mice administered with 400 mg/kg bw PREG, and this was close to that (94.49%) obtained in the group administered with the reference drug (Indomethacin). These give insights into the anti-inflammatory potential of PREG
The Influence of Locality on Relapse among Schizophrenic Patients
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of locality on the relapse rate among schizophrenic patients in Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Enugu. 120 participants made up of 60 males and 60 females were used. The 60 males comprised 30 highly educated and 30 less educated while the females were made up of 19 highly educated and 41 less educated. 52 participants were drawn from the rural residence while 68 were from the urban residence. All the participants were treated at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Enugu. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) key, Fishzbein & Oplar (2004) was used to assess the rate of relapse among the schizophrenic patients. Factorial design was used. The data collected was analysed using the One-way Analyses of variance (ANOVA). The result show significant main influence of locality on relapse, F (1, 113)=41.340, P<0.001. These results were discussed with its implication to the health of the patient, the family and society at large. Suggestions and recommendation for further studies made