GOUNI Repository (Godfrey Okoye University)
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Technical Report on: Why do «neighbouring» powers help? India, China, Russia, and their approaches to development in 2001–2021 Afghanistan
Full text linkAssessing Lean Six Sigma's Role in Enhancing Quality Control in Food and Beverage Production, Enugu State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study examined the Assessment of Lean Six Sigma's Role in Enhancing
Quality Control in Food and Beverage Production in Enugu State, Nigeria.
The specific objectives are to ascertain the effect of leader development on
the operational safety of food and beverage manufacturing firms, and to
determine the impact of control processes on the quality of service in food
and beverage manufacturing firms in South-Eastern Nigeria. a survey research
design was chosen. Data for the study was gathered using a structured
questionnaire design using a point Likert scale. The mean, standard deviation,
and basic percentages were used to examine the data. (Descriptive statistics
software, SPSS version 20, was used for the analysis.). The result revealed that
Leader development has a significant positive effect on the operational safety
of food and beverage manufacturing firms with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
value of 7.006 < 11.160, while the critical Z-value of.000. Control processes
have a significant positive effect on the quality of service of food and
beverage manufacturing firms With Kolmogorov-Smirnon Z – value of 6.342
< 11.215, the critical Z-value of .000 South-East, Nigeria. In conclusion, Lean
Six Sigma not only enhances quality control but also empowers leaders and
reinforces control processes, paving the way for sustainable growth in the
food and beverage industry in Enugu State. The study recommends that
Organizations should prioritize the training and development of leaders
within the food and beverage sector
Influence of ginger addition on the microbiological shelf life and sensory attributes of soy–cow milk yoghurt blends
Full text linkThis study evaluated the effect of ginger addition on the sensory microbial shelf-life and attributes of soy–cow
milk yoghurt during storage. Yoghurt samples were prepared using three milk formulations (100:0, 75:25 and
50:50 of cow milk to soymilk ratio, respectively), fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus
thermophilus then, varying concentrations of ginger extract (0%, 5%, and 10%) added to each blend and stored
at 25°C for 96 h. Microbiological analyses, including total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria enumeration, and
fungal count, were conducted using standard plate count techniques during a 96 h storage period. Sensory
evaluation by semi-trained panelists was conducted using a 9-point hedonic scale. Then statistically analyzed
using ANOVA. Results showed that bacterial populations in all samples ranged from 1.9 × 108
to 7.9 × 108 CFU/mL
initially and increased during storage, indicating continued metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria. Fungal
counts remained within acceptable limits throughout the storage period. The increase in LAB counts suggests
ongoing probiotic activity, although the stability of fungal counts indicates no spoilage. Sensory evaluation
revealed that sample AQ (100% cow milk with 5% ginger) received the highest overall acceptability score (8.74 ±
0.012), with the highest ratings for sweetness, flavor and thickness. Samples with higher proportions of soy milk
received significantly lower overall acceptability scores, with CH (50:50% cow milk with 10% ginger) scoring
lowest (1.50 ± 0.002). These findings suggest that moderate ginger addition enhances sensory appeal in dairy dominant yoghurts, but formulation adjustments may be needed to improve the acceptability of soy-rich variants
Fermentation profiles and probiotic viability in plantbased yogurt alternatives compared to traditional dairy yogurts: A Critical Review
Full text linkThe global trend toward plant-based diets has driven significant innovation in non-dairy fermented products,
particularly yogurt alternatives. This review critically compares how substrate composition influences
fermentation kinetics, texture development, and probiotic survival in dairy versus plant-based yogurt
analogues. Scientific literatures were mostly reviewed systematically from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of
Science, on substrate composition, fermentation and its impact on starter culture performance, metabolic
activities, and probiotic survival. The review highlights challenges in achieving optimal acidification, texture
development, and sensory properties in plant matrices compared to dairy systems. It was observed that plantbased matrices often exhibit 20–30% slower acidification rates and up to a 40% reduction in probiotic viability
compared to dairy yogurt. Furthermore, strategies for enhancing probiotic viability in plant-based yogurt
alternatives, including substrate modification, strain selection, and protective technologies, were evaluated.
Significantly, there are inadequate in vivo studies on gut microbiota modulation by plant-based yogurts,
representing a crucial research frontier, to guide continued innovation in this rapidly evolving sector. This
study highlights pathways for improving fermentation performance and probiotic stability in plant-based
yogurts by blending complementary plant proteins and providing practical guidance for developing high-quality
dairy alternatives
CODE-SWITCHING AND THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS IGBO EXPRESSIONS IN ADICHIE’S IMITATION
Full text linkThis paper examines the role of code-switching and indigenous
Igbo expressions in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s short story Imitation. It
argues that Adichie’s strategic incorporation of Igbo into English narration
functions as a linguistic tool for negotiating cultural identity, diaspora, and
gender dynamics. Drawing on Shana Poplack’s (1980) model of codeswitching, the study highlights how intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and tagswitches contribute to the preservation of indigenous voice within a global
literary framework. Through close textual analysis, the paper demonstrates
that Igbo phrases in the story do not disrupt comprehension but rather enrich
the narrative by conveying intimacy, asserting cultural belonging, and
resisting linguistic erasure. Ultimately, the study concludes that Adichie’s
code-switching reinforces the inseparability of language and identity,
affirming Igbo as a vital component of postcolonial expression
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING MOTHER TONGUE INTERFERENCE IN MULTILINGUAL CLASSROOMS
Full text linkThis study investigates the role of educational management strategies in
addressing mother tongue interference in multilingual primary school
classrooms. Mother tongue interference has long been a barrier to English
language acquisition in Nigeria, particularly in areas where indigenous
languages dominate pupils’ early social and linguistic experiences. Drawing
from both educational management theory and language pedagogy, this study
explores the administrative responses to this challenge, the preparedness of
teachers, and the effectiveness of language policies implemented at the school
level. Three research purposes and corresponding questions guided the study: to
examine the extent of mother tongue interference in English language
instruction, to assess the preparedness of teachers in managing language
interference, and to evaluate the role of educational management in mitigating
language challenges in multilingual classrooms. Survey research design was
adopted using questionnaires distributed to English and Igbo language teachers
as well as school heads across selected schools. Data was analyzed using
descriptive tables that addressed each research question. The findings indicate a
lack of structured interventions by school managers and inadequate teacher
training as key contributors to persistent L1 interference. The study recommends
school-led language support frameworks, regular professional development,
and increased parental involvement to mitigate the problem. These insights
contribute to developing a holistic and practical approach to language education
in Nigeria’s multilingual context, highlighting issues of language acquisition,
educational management, teacher preparedness, school policies, language
pedagogy, and the impact of mother tongue interference in primary education
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) DEVICES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ perception of the use of information and
communication technology (ICT) devices in the implementation of the primary school
curriculum in Nsukka Local Government Area (L.G.A.), Enugu State. The study adopted a
descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 505 teachers from 38 public
primary schools in Nsukka L.G.A. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 20
schools, and a total of 120 teachers were sampled. A structured questionnaire titled Teachers’
Perception of the Use of ICT Devices in Implementation of the Primary School Curriculum
(TPIIPSC) and a checklist were used for data collection. The instruments were validated by
three experts, and the reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha, yielding a coefficient
of 0.83. Data were collected through direct administration of the questionnaire and analyzed
using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. A benchmark of 2.50 was used for decisionmaking. The findings revealed that only a few ICT devices, such as public address systems,
mobile phones, computers, projectors, and microphones, were available in primary schools.
The extent of utilization of these ICT devices was low due to teachers' lack of ICT knowledge,
inadequate ICT facilities, poor internet access, and insufficient funding. Based on the findings,
it was recommended that stakeholders in the education sector should ensure the provision of
adequate ICT devices and support regular ICT training for teachers. This study contributes to
knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the gap between ICT availability and its
utilization in primary school curriculum implementation
Development of a Predictive Model for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Status Using Gender and Serum Biomarkers
Full text linkEarly screening for the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is crucial for effective management and treatment,
especially in resource-limited areas like Enugu State, Nigeria. This study aims to develop and validate
a predictive model for HBV status. By integrating several factors, this research seeks to improve diag
nostic accuracy and contribute to more effective HBV management, particularly in resource-limited
settings. The study is focused on the following gender and serum biomarkers: alpha glutathione S
transferase (α-GST), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) among patients at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. Binary logistic re
gression was employed to analyze the predictive power of these variables. The results indicate that AST
is a statistically significant predictor of HBV status. In contrast, gender, alpha GST, ALP, and ALT
were not statistically significant predictors in the model
REPOSITIONING EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT TO REVITALIZE TEACHER COMMITMENT AND ENROLLMENT IN EDUCATION FACULTIES: A STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO THE FUTURE OF TEACHING IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE)
Full text linkThis study explores the declining interest in teaching and low enrollment into faculties of education in
Enugu State. Utilizing questionnaire-based data from students, teachers, and educational administrators, the
research investigates how educational management can be repositioned to rekindle passion for teaching. A total
of 120 respondents participated in the study. The responses were thematically analyzed and presented in tables
for clarity. Findings reveal that poor public perception of teaching, lack of mentorship, weak leadership, economic
disincentives, and outdated training curricula are significant deterrents. Strategic reforms in educational
management are recommended as a path toward revitalizing teacher commitment and enrollment
ROLES OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN COMBATING CLIMATE-DRIVEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study examines the role of innovative technologies in combating climate-driven
environmental crimes in Enugu State, Nigeria. The state has witnessed an increase in
environmental crimes such as illegal deforestation, sand mining, bush burning, and improper
waste disposal, largely driven by climate change which results in land degradation, water
pollution, flood, erosion and biodiversity loss. The limitations of manual surveillance and
weak monitoring have created a gap which innovative technologies can help to bridge, this
gap is what this study intends to fill. This study addresses climate-driven environmental
crimes, focusing on Mobile Environmental Reporting Applications, Artificial Intelligence
(AI), drone surveillance, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Surveillance Cameras.
Environmental Governance Theory was adopted as theoretical framework. With sample size
of 200 respondents, the study gathered qualitative data from oral interviews with community
stakeholders, environmental and law enforcement officers and quantitative data through
structured questionnaires across selected communities in Enugu State. Findings show that
although some innovative technologies are being used in Enugu, their application and
collaboration between agencies is still limited which slows down the effective use of
technology in environmental protection. The study concludes with recommendations for
training, investment in digital crime-fighting tools and collaborations to ensure sustainable
environmental protection