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a case of Shivaji park Mumbai
No full textOur cities have been subjected to a number of environmental concerns as a result of population increase and fast urbanization. Increased ambient temperatures have resulted from the replacement of flora with building construction materials such as concrete, glass, and other materials, resulting in urban heat islands in many cities. Such issues have a significant impact on human outdoor thermal comfort, particularly is public areas. While the green cover is being sacrificed to accommodate a growing population, the remaining green areas are unable to provide a pleasant setting for public usage. In this study, the outdoor thermal comfort for Chhatrapati Shivaji Park, in hot and humid climate of Mumbai was in investigated along with understanding the role of
softscapes in improving outdoor thermal environment and impacts of Urbanization on bio meteorological parameters to propose bioclimatic landscape design to improve outdoor thermal environment of the park.
To study the micro climate of the site and hence the thermal stress experienced by the users in the park, climatic readings like Air temperature, Humidity, wind speed, black globe temperature are monitored. Together with it questionnaire surveys are performed to understand user experience of the park, the type of clothing and intensity of activities performed by the users in the park throughout the day. The analysis of the climatic
parameters recorded will help map the heat stress experienced in the park.
The duration and intensity of the activities performed in an outdoor space is greatly affected by the comfort conditions of the area. The success of any public open space depends on the amount of time people spend at that open space. This understanding can be applied to redesign time people spend at that open space. This understanding can be applied to redesign Shivaji park, using bio climatic landscape design strategies
to create thermally comfortable outdoor
Living systems laboratory for a change making society Dhun,
No full textLiving Systems Laboratory for a Change Making Society Living has been an ever-evolving system in this world. Humans who once lived in caves today have built enclosures that have hundreds of sensors. But the intent behind every changing system has been the same- to create something better. In this urge to find better, humans found an abundance of innovative solutions such as farming, medicine, paper, electricity, telephone, car, and so much more that at every step evolved the systems of life. But in this process humans lost a lot of basic resources that enabled these innovations and today we are facing one of the biggest ecological, energy, resource, and hence social crises all over the world. At this point humans need to go back, evaluate the previous living systems and derive a new one where living corresponds to the local ecology, the community, the individual, and finally the sustainability and efficiency in its systems. The Dhun project aspires to build on a similar principle a living systems lab with the help of people who want to bring a change in the living pattern of this world
A case study of Lucknow
No full textAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), a “pandemic” is the worldwide spread of a new disease. Even if the scale of the pandemic is small it can take millions of lives. Today the world is in unprecedented times with the outbreak of novel coronavirus which have not just impacted the global public health but also has indirect impacts on social functioning and the urban economy of the globe. The goal of this thesis is to understand the spatial variability of COVID-19 incidence rates in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Based on the literature reviewed many of the researchers have identified different factors that can cause such spatial variation in the incidence of COVID-19. For this study, the variability is assessed by examining socio-demographic and built environment factors that may relate to infection rates.
The study area for this research was chosen based on a COVID-19 vulnerability assessment, state district COVID-19 incidence rates, and a city level study (a comparative study of four COVID-19 highest and lowest incidence rate wards, taking land use into account) to identify the case study area in the selected case study city.
The dataset was understood under five heads i.e Urban density, intra connectivity, activity, socio-demographic characteristic, and infrastructure, which were used to explain the spatial variability of COVID-19 using Multiple Linear Regression. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis were used to help reduce the multicollinearity in the dataset.
The result concluded that COVID-19 Incidence rate is negatively related with the density of an area, positively related with intra connectivity, and positively related with the type of activities, across the wards of Lucknow. According to (Hamidi, Sabouri and Ewing, 2020) they have suggested that in the “transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic, connectivity is more important than density” which is also concluded through this research
Proposed commercial and recreational park for north Delhi metro mall private limited, Khyberpass, New Delhi
No full textMarket spaces are important to people and society e in order to fulfil their daily needs and a standard source of constant income. By the virtue of lifestyle and advanced technology gave rise to the development of a series of commercial structures like open bazaars, Semi- open marketplace, multilevel shopping centres, shopping malls, etc. However, these days the social life of urbanites is vanishing not just because of lifestyle but also standardization of market typologies like malls. Malls turned out to be a failure due to the reasons like Branded products at luxurious prices and environment, less variety of products, comparing to local markets they are costly, not able to cater to medium and low-income group. However, marketplaces established 20-50 years ago have a large number of people inflow, due to low cost and wider range variety of products, social and economic inclusion for low- and middle-income group. Sometimes informal markets are not preferred improper management of rush, unorganized market spaces, unhygienic spaces due to flies and mosquitoes, security issues, lack of cleanliness, lack of sewage and drainage systems, lack of public utilities, like toilets, water outlets, not weatherproof, difficulties of wayfinding, sound and noise problems, improper illumination, pedestrian and vehicular common circulation, lack of aesthetics, parking is a huge problem, no space for kids, maternity feeding and creche. On the other hand, malls offer quality products and registered brands, better customer services and consumer value, better aesthetics, public utilities, toilets, water outlets, resting spaces, obstruction free pats and walking spaces and more accessible for wheelchairs and accept digital payment methods and no language barriers, proper surveillance system, security guard and are weatherproof, play zone for children and food plaza. Though it is projected, having a shopping mall in the city increase the graph of lifestyle of people in the city, however people love to buy from unorganized markets one can find a variety of products in a variety of qualities can be acquired at cheaper rates and includes lower and middle income group despite of the fact that they have to face improper crowd management, unhygienic environments, security issues lack of public utilities, lack of weatherproof environments, parking problems, accessibility & navigation issues, etc. Hence, there is a need to strike a balance between both typologies in order to come out with a more practical solution to the proble
Strategizing transit induced transformation of the core area of a city: case of mandai metro station, Pune/ Shwetketu Nachiketa Bhave
No full textMany Indian cities have older and historic inner-city areas that are
considered city cores and have significant historical and cultural value. These city
cores are not only valuable historical assets, but also a national cultural identity.
Every City Core has its own unique features like, residential core, religious
core, commercial core etc. An inquiry into residential & mixed use core in detail is
required as around maximum percent of the cores are of same nature. Rapid
urbanization has led to issues like congestion, lack of infrastructure, loss of
traditional character, increase in density and real estate prices, etc. in the core
areas of Indian cities.
Transit Oriented Development is a sustainable approach, which can be
adopted and implemented along the transit corridors of BRT, LRT and MRT.
Incentives like higher FAR, mixed land use are given around the transit corridor by
municipal bodies, to reduce dependency on private vehicles and promote
walkability. The issue in today’s scenario is that the new developments around the
metro stations in core area of the cities are not controlled/guided. Also, while TOD
promotes high density, high-rise buildings, on the other hand, in the core areas of
cities/heritage sites the development is restricted around the protected
monuments.
Mandai Metro station (proposed) and its influence zone has been
considered for the investigation of the thesis as it lies in the centre of the city. The
Pune city has gone through three layers of transformation i.e., Culture hub to
Educational hub and now transforming into an IT hub. But in spite of all these, the
area has retained its character and culture. But a new insert of BRTS and proposed
Metro through main spine of the core has given a strong purpose for impulsive
transformation. During transformation, the existing fabric and the Socio-culture of
the area will transform, which need to be strategized. These interventions will also
help in retaining the character of the core area of the city. It will fulfil the objectives
of understanding the deficiencies to overcome and sensitive restructuring of the
areas through enhancement of public transport with amalgamation of roads and
urban form in the precinct along the transit hub/corridor through a hierarchical
developmen
Rejuvenating Kolkatas tramway's tramways into an efficient public transit mode
No full textA tram in British English which is also known as a streetcar in American English is a public transport vehicle which runs on rails set either onto the road or having a separate right of way by means of electricity and historically by means of horses and steam engines. The world’s first paid tram service was started in England in 1807 which was then introduced in major cities across the globe and rose in importance till its peak in the mid 20th century. Tramways saw a gradual decline since then due to the rise of the automobile industry.
Kolkata’s tramways are the oldest operating electric public transport in Asia. The first horse drawn tram ran in Kolkata from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat covering a distance of 3.9 kilometres on February 24th, 1873. In 1902, the first electric tram to run in Asia was between Esplanade and Kidderpore which is still operational. Kolkata is the last remaining city in India operating trams and is considered among one of the most valued assets of the city. The trams have served the city of Kolkata from the era of governor generals and maharajas to the present times, without which the history of Kolkata would remain incomplete.
Today, tramways are making a renewed comeback all over the world with 108 new cities introducing tramways in the 21st century primarily for its pollution free service. Kolkata still retains its tramway infrastructure which can be used to revive its service by redesigning and revamping the system. Before the pandemic set in, there were six operational routes with a total track length of 39.37 kilometres but presently there are only three operational routes.
The world is going through unprecedented climatic changes in the 21st century which has called for the adoption of environment-friendly solutions. The energy sector in India significantly contributes to global warming through emissions of 142 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions annually where the transport sector alone accounts for 123 million tonnes of emissions. Keeping these factors in mind, India has pledged to cut its carbon emission by one billion tonnes by 2030, thereby reducing its carbon emission by 45% and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. Such commitments focus on to the need for electric mobility with Kolkata’s century old trams providing a viable option in the public transport mode sector.
Trams have a higher carrying capacity than buses, have lower operation and maintenance costs which make them a sustainable mode of transport. On the down side, weaknesses plaguing the growth of tramways include congestion on roads, poor network, passenger safety while boarding and alighting and the visual displeasure due to overhead wires. A developed tramway system will enrich urban environment, recreational activity and tourism industry of Kolkata and help in growing interest among citizens to use tramways.
The aim of the thesis is to revive Kolkata’s tram network to create an efficient public transit mode while keeping its heritage value intact. The objectives of the study are to identify the reason of tram route closures, to examine the existing conditions and problems of the tram routes and to identify and propose strategies to make tramways an essential component of Kolkata’s public transit system and protect its heritage value. The study is limited to the Kolkata Municipal Corporation area and the proposals of the study can be considered as a model for developing and reintroducing tramways in other Indian cities. The study is divided into three parts. First, the topic was identified through detailed literature study and the need of the study was established which led to the formulation of aim, objectives, scope and limitations. Second, a preliminary site study was conducted through reconnaissance survey and stakeholder discussions which led to detailed primary survey through user survey (questionnaires), site observation and photo analysis and secondary survey through WBTC information, press releases, reports and websites. Third, data analysis was done through traffic surveys and calculation of vehicular speeds to understand the traffic flow along tram routes, mapping landuse, road infrastructure and points of interest along tram routes to understand the purpose of usage of tram routes, understanding user perception through graphs, pie charts and stakeholder discussions to capture the imagination of the users. These led to the proposals and strategies which will help rejuvenate tramways on Kolkata roads.
The proposals and strategies of the study are expected to increase tram ridership and help operate trams in an orderly manner on the roads by law enforcement agencies. Route specific strategies will be proposed as routes have differing Rejuvenating Kolkata’s Tramways into an efficient public transit mode characteristics and uses. The possibility of pedestrianization of specific route stretches will be looked into to integrate tramways with the character of the route stretch. Possibility of replacing auto-rickshaws with trams on routes where there is congestion will also be looked into. Creation of exclusive right of way for trams and buses, improvements in tram amenities and infrastructure, alternative uses of trams and operation of trams through PPP will also be looked into. With all the major countries aiming to achieve net-zero emissions by the second half of the 21st century, it is essential to reduce dependency on transit modes which run on conventional fuels. Trams run on electricity making them a non polluting mode of transit. With many countries focusing on rejuvenating and opening newer tramways to increase the share of public transport, the city of Kolkata should use its already existing resources on tramways to promote an eco-friendly mode of transit and set standards for other Indian cities to follow
A case of Jhelum River in Srinagar
No full textCities aiming to expand their public transportation network and provide an alternative to land-based transportation are increasingly turning towards water transit, with the aim of supplementing the existing transportation network to reduce traffic congestion and thus pollution.
Urban areas have been the epicentre of growth and a destination for employment opportunities. Therefore, they are in constant flux due to migration from the peripheral areas in search of jobs and better living conditions, eventually leading to urban sprawl. According to the Census 2011 projections, cities are expected to accommodate 41% of India's population by 2030, up from 31% in 2011. There are numerous benefits of urbanization, such as economies of scale and access to education, but there are also negative externalities, such as environmental degradation and a reduction in quality of life. Srinagar has seen a rapid surge of urbanization, with increasing population and limited geographical features, the city is expanding horizontally at a very fast pace, resulting in a rise of private vehicle ownership, causing traffic congestion, more road accidents, air pollution, haphazard growth, a decline in the use of public transportation.(Traffic Advisory J&K 2020) The Urban Sprawl has shown major impacts on waterbodies and wetlands, the haphazard growth resulted in encroachment over water bodies and fragmented them from the wetlands which has made the city more susceptible to floods.(TPO Kashmir 2015)
The Water Transit-oriented development (WaTOD) model aims at preparing a development plan by directing importance to water bodies as an element of transit-based growth. It plans on creating a water-centric city by developing the urban land use near water transit terminals to boost inland water transportation in conjunction with alternatives such as roadways and rails to make a sustainable urban transportation system. Redevelopment of waterfront district for high-density business, residential and tourism purposes along with Water Transit Terminals and Proposing parks and green spaces that encourage movement along the river. The development model will focus on creating a relationship between livelihood and water bodies to create a sense of attachment by converting water into an asset than a barrier
Redefining hospitality architecture: An experiential tourism cluster in Maheshwar, Madhya Pradesh
No full textOver the past few decades, the world has seen a paradigm shift in the trends of travel and tourism. With the advent of Gen-Z, Millennials and the Covid-19 pandemic, unconventional forms of travel like- backpacking, wildlife tourism, cultural tourism, agro-tourism, rural tourism, workations, slow-travel, etc. have taken over the tourism industry by a storm. With these changing travel trends, there needs to be a shift in hospitality trends as well, because the primary demographic of travelers is no longer looking for luxury, sightseeing and vacations but rather, looking for more wholesome, immersive, cultural experiences. While MP Tourism has picked up a great pace over the last few years in bettering the branding and promotion of the State Tourism, yet the true potential seems to be untapped. This is where sustainable tourism development needs to step in to cater to the growing needs and expectations of the new-age traveler without exploiting the local resources of the destination. Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh is one of the several traditional handloom weaving clusters and
temple towns of India having immense potential of culture and architecture that needs to be studiedto establish a harmonious relation between the weaver’s community and tourists, thereby setting an example for further tourism developments in various other such regional communities of India. This thesis is a Community-Based Tourism project, on the banks of River Narmada in Maheshwar, Madhya Pradesh. The ideation of the project is a culmination of 3 years of research in this field, gap identification and various schemes being run by MP Tourism like the homestay scheme, ecotourism scheme and the Integrated cluster development program. With the aim to develop ahospitality space for 150 tourists, the project also caters to the needs of the community through the design of an urban haat, an aanganwadi, a tourism centre and other urban design interventions, all
while taking care of the site, surroundings, and context
A case of Magh mela, Prayagraj
No full textReligion is often defined as people' relationship with what they consider to be sacred, usually in supernatural terms. Nine of the world's most popular faiths are followed by billions of people across the world. Among them are 750 million Hindus, 10 million Jains, 700 million Buddhists, 12.5 million Jews, less than two billion Christians, 1.4 billion Muslims, 16 million Sikhs, and five million Baha'is. Religious gatherings attract a significantly larger crowd than entertainment and political gatherings. Religious mass gathering in India is quite significant. A religious mass gathering is often a planned event or occasion associated with a particular religion or spiritual belief. It may take place on a certain day or over a period. Durga Puja, Ganesh Chaturthi, Kumbh Mela, Magh Mela, and other religious mass gathering festivals are prevalent in India, necessitating the proper development of temporary towns to accommodate the people.
The Ganga is revered by Hindus over its whole length and serves as a lifeline for millions of people who live along its banks. It runs through one of the holiest pilgrimage sites in Uttar Pradesh's Prayagraj, where it joins its greatest tributary, the Yamuna. The Hindu festival "Magh Mela" is held near the confluence of both rivers, when thousands of visitors wash in the Ganga. Pilgrims think that by doing so, they will be cleansed of their sins. This event's distinguishing characteristic is a tremendous flow of people, necessitating the deployment of a temporary metropolis.
The pilgrims' festival creates landscapes that are always changing in terms of celebration, agriculture, flood, and preparation. At Prayagraj, the dynamic floodplains of the sacred river Ganga provide a number of issues. The site also aspires to provide opportunities for local and seasonal workers to interact with the holy river Ganga's dynamic, ever-changing floodplain landscape at Prayagraj. The mass bathing beside the river has a significant impact on the river's health in terms of water pollution, as well as the garbage generated by rituals and other social activities