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Significance of Ghats in Panchkoshi Parikrama Kshetra, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh/
No full textICOMOS defines "heritage" as an concept that encompasses tangible aspects such as natural and cultural environment, involving landscape, historic places, and built environment, as well as intangible assets such as collection, past and continuing cultural traditions, knowledge, and life experiences – anything and
everything that provides knowledge about the past falls under the category of heritage. These concepts of cultural landscapes and heritage are explored in Indian contexts (e.g., dharohar), using examples of specific components from the Ayodhya case study.
The ancient city of Ayodhya is historically known as Lord Rama's birthplace, and Hindu devotees believe that undertaking pilgrimages and customs here delivers the path to peace and salvation. Ayodhya, located on the banks of the holy River Sarayu (Ghaghara), is principally an ancient and historical tirtha and divine place
having habitation dating as far back 800 BCE.
This study aims to investigate the various components of cultural landscape and heritage, analyzing the historical urban landscape with reference to growth and transformation, exposition of mythological, cultural, and historical contexts of heritage values and their interfaces with the Ghats, focusing the religious
landscape/faithscape, assessing the pilgrimage-route. In the study, the qualitative approach and methodologies (narratives, case studies, ethnography, and phenomenology) were used to collect and analyze primary data, with secondary data reinforcing them.
Ayodhya and its associated Ghats should be established as a sacred cultural site where divinity meets civilization, resulting in landscapes of universal understanding and harmony in which Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists, Muslims, Sufis, and several other small groups live in harmony of religious and cultural
pluralities. Viable measures for inclusive heritage development should also be considered. City development plans adhere to specified historical criteria, a support system, and by-laws.School of Planning and Architecture Bhopa
Management of urban green spaces based on users' perception: a case of Bhubaneswar
No full textWith rapid urbanization in India over the past years, our cities have been undergoing densification due to limited availability of land. In this process, often providing for green and healthy spaces comes as a major challenge. To top it off, the requirement for other land uses say, residential, institutional or commercial comes at the cost of the available green spaces. With the depleting greens, we are headed towards a concrete jungle that promotes air pollution, soil erosion, urban heat island effect and increased carbon content
in atmosphere to name a few, that lead on to further harm to our environment. Urban green spaces (UGS) are immensely beneficial and these act as our lungs within the city fabric.Despite all, planning for UGS as a critical sector has always been neglected. The low per capita green space availability in Indian cities is a proof of the unhealthy lifestyle we live in. This calls for an urgent need to re-establish the lost greens in our cities and plan for more. Though we have mostly been confused with Public Open Spaces (POS) and Urban Green Spaces (UGS) and have dedicated spaces for squares, plazas or streetscapes, we haven’t been able to achieve the requisite green cover or manage to strike a balance between the built up and the greens. Congested development post-independence, presence of greens in patches, lack of understanding in growth patterns and ecological function, disrepair and conversion to other uses, lack of water supply are some of the
issues that have led to depleting green spaces in our cities. In addition, multiple challenges in governance and management of rapid urbanization or implementing research works into action plans or policies, followed by non-availability of green space management and structuring plan have aggravated the issue. This is the hour of need for spatial, developmental and operational planning instead of just fulfilling statistical data.
A study by Das, T., Jana, A., Sutradhar, A., shows that the City of Bhubaneswar, especially BMC area experienced a loss of 23.47 km2 vegetation cover over three decades from 1991-2021 with the rate of depletion being 0.78 km2/year. The land use dedicated also reduced drastically and patches of depletion in vegetation cover is observed. The research design starts with selection of site for study from the three
planning zones in the city and based on NDVI mapping of Bhubaneswar from 1991 till 2021. This is followed by studying the need for green space management and the requisite guidelines, and defining the scope and limitation of work as looking into the operational management of Urban Green Spaces (and not involving generation of new UGS) that are accessible to public. With the purpose of understanding the significance
attached by people and utilization of UGS, this research aims at refining the operational management of Urban Green Spaces at ward level, with special focus on Wards 7,40 and 60; considering various aspects like spatial distribution, accessibility, frequency and purpose of usage, current status in terms of issues and level of services. The analysis starts with a primary survey of the said wards for identifying, annotating and
classifying the existing UGS, which is followed by a detailed household level Questionnaire and Maptionnaire survey to understand the perception of ward residents regarding purpose of usage, frequency of visit, studying accessibility pattern, understanding the level of services available, people’s willingness to travel for accessing
an UGS, the reasons for non-use etc. The study also shows visit by people outside of their wards for UGS that have different amenities or better LoS. The survey goes hand in hand with analysis from open street maps for the presence and changes in UGS present in the wards. A study of the existing development plans and interaction with the concerned authorities like Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC), Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA) and provisions under AMRUT and/or Smart Cities Mission helps in
grasping of the current management guidelines, schemes and policies in place and institutional framework, that would need updating and/or intervention. Exploring further from secondary sources leads to measures for restoration of old, development of new and management of existing Urban and Green Spaces in our cities. The outcome of this research is a guiding document containing classification of UGS present, setting the
Levels of Services based on hierarchy on strategies for Green Space Management with suggestive institutional and policy interventions
Cultural redevelopment of beypore pulimood beachfront
No full textBeypore, which has been a shipbuilding center since the first century AD, was controlled by four Kovilakams (Nediyaal Kovilakam, Manayat Kovilakam, Karippa Puthiyakovilakam, and Panagad Kovilakam) from the Parappanad Dynasty. For trade, it was first thronged by Romans, then Chinese, Syrians, Arabs, and Europeans. It was further enlarged during the East India Company in the early nineteenth century. The Beypore Siva Temple is said to safeguard the entire kingdom. It was one of India's busiest ports. Calicut was a global business hub for merchants across the globe. According to famed Moroccan adventurer Ibn Battuta, it was "frequented by merchants from every corner of the earth."
Even though the glorious days of this port town are long gone, the locals are not yet ready to abandon the tradition of Uru("dhow" or "fat boat") making which is as old as Beypore. They construct little ships entirely made out of wood, which is considered the world's largest handicraft. They don't have any blueprints or designs, and they don't utilize any big machinery or tools. These majestic ships have been part of many wars and were promoted by Zamorins, the kings that ruled the north of Kerala to strengthen their navy force. It was also used as trading vessels in the past. Now 2 or 3 ships Uru are made yearly which is now treated and made as a luxury cruise which are mostly sold to the Royal families of Arabian countries The project's main aim is to revitalize the precinct of beypore pulimood beach which had a major facelift in the year 2010, but over years it has lost its charm and the infrastructures are in dilapidated state due to poor maintenance and other natural factors. The project will include a museum for preserving the rich history that the port town once had and other public amenities. Bringing these built forms and public realm to synergy and developing a dynamic and lively urban space is the intent of this project
A case study of New Delhi
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to establish the risk factors that are a threat to the user‘s safety when moving in a heterogeneous traffic environment in New Delhi. India has been ranked 3rd in terms of traffic congestion and accidents after U.S. and Japan. The study area of New Delhi has been taken since it is ranked as 1st when it comes to fatal accidents. The key objectives of this thesis are:
1. To identify risk parameters associated with heterogeneity,
2. To study traffic conditions in the selected area,
3. To conduct public surveys for establishing the identified factors of risk
assessment from users‘ perception.
Various research papers have been reviewed to understand the risk parameters that are involved in traffic safety when moving in a heterogeneous traffic environment. The literature review suggests that vehicle size, in-vehicle technologies, intrinsic factors such as aggression, anxiety observed in drivers, extrinsic factors such as safety training of drivers, use of helmets and safety equipment, alcohol consumption and increased time pressure, Interaction with other road users which includes driver's attitude, Road and infrastructure conditions and weather are the factors that result in accidents and compromise the safety of the users. It is clearly stated that two-wheelers and four-wheelers are found to be the most affected by crashes possibly due to road condition, traffic markings, roadside installation, poor visibility, etc. The data collected for the research is both primary and secondary data, primary being various surveys. The traffic volume count survey and the speed and delay survey was done in both peak and non-peak hour and the findings demonstrate the heterogeneity of traffic and the causes for delay/congestion. The total number of accidents and injuries has also been recorded in the study area through tools such as RLVD and OSVD cameras. Public surveys have also been conducted to establish the factors that are the main cause of threat to the users according to their perspective. Based on the analysis for the same, results have been shared which can be used for further recommendations/ safety planning by the competent authorities
focused on Vijaywada region
No full textDesigning and maintaining an ecological connectivity of the ecologically sensitive areas can contribute to preventing landscape fragmentation consequently, preserving the environment and protecting the wildlife species which are most affected by anthropogenic activities. Thus, the concept of developing an ecological corridor has become popular in nature conservation polices.
Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh in Lower Krishna basin is prone to threat from urbanization and establishment of new capital Amaravati due to which a rapid urban expansion is happening and change in fertile lands to concretized spaces, transport corridors development to connect to other cities that passes and cutting through forest areas etc. are main causes for habitat and ecological degradation in the study area. The analysis of natural and cultural layers identified certain opportunities and potentials that can be integrated in developing green connection thus a healthy, sustainable, and connected ecosystem is established.
The study analysed the existing condition of greens , the reasons for their fragmentation or degraded condition and the issues that are currently influencing the region’s green patches and the proposal focusses on reviving strategies, restoration objectives and techniques towards a holistic sustainable development of the region.
Key words : Ecological Connection, Corridor, Network, Green Infrastructur
Dhamma sthal: a buddhist cultural complex, Lachung, North Sikkim/
No full textSikkim, located in the Himalayan region between India and Tibet, was upheld by a Buddhist Monarch until 1975. Sikkim's culture has long been a mingling of traditional animist beliefs of the Lepcha Ethnic group and Vajrayana Buddhism influenced by the Bhutia’s who migrated from Tibet in the 17th century. As a result of the influence of neighbouring Hindu-dominated states Bengal and Nepal, Hindus have become the majority in Sikkim's population, with only 27.39 percent of the Buddhist population concentrated in the north district of Sikkim's six districts (Census 2011). The Project proposal in Lachung envisions to establish a Statue of Guru Padmasambhava, which in turn will enchance and strengthen the faith of Nyingma Sect Vajrayana Buddhism in Sikkim. The establishment of the Statue on top of a Meditation Hall | Thee will give a unique identity to the place since the strategic location of the site offers the visibility of the Statue from Bichu District which is
enroute of Lachung and several Tourist spots. The statue will stand tall and shine bright like gold. during summer hours, will peek through the mist of the Season and thus would be the USP of the Project. Over the last decade Sikkim has seen a steady growth of pilgrims and it is only beneficial to exploit that aspect and provide a pilgrimage destination for them. The project will also supplement thetourism of Lachung in the form of a leisure park and a sightseeing destination. Other Allied features would carry a Tourist zone and Religious residential zone that would not only cater the monks and locals but also Tourist. Provision of Interpretation center and Workshop will aid in upbringing the lost traditional monastic arts and crafts brought in by the Bhutia’s in 17th century but will also boost the local economy. The residential zone of the monks will have a Pilgrim Meditation center that would attract the devotees to live a life of Dhamma and learn about the culture which brings them to the state of Sikkim. The Project in whole is believed to sanctify Lachung as a village and come under the Swadesh Darshan and Buddhist Circuit of Sikkim
A case of Raipur
No full textParking spots in Indian urban areas has remained consistent or diminished while several cars have expanded because of a developing populace. In India, private vehicle possession has been expanded by 400% between 2001 and 2015. Increasing the number of on-street parking places puts additional demand on the land, especially when land is scarce and expensive, as it is in cities. (Gautam, 2019). There are limitations to road expansion since roads are for moving vehicles. Deliberately but undoubtedly, it’ll congest the road eventually hence will be wasting more time of the road users and increase the pollution level as well (Msigwa, 2013). In any case, assuming we continue giving parking on land or as on-street, then, at that point, that would not be a fruitful endeavour, as parking on the road resembles a protuberance that upsets the progression of the city and put the weight on rest of the carriageway (Kaplush, 2019). It also obliterates the valuable community and gathering spaces of that area which could be utilized in more wonderful manner (Sisson, 2020).
Multilevel car parking could be a solution for this problem, it might be installed both underground and above ground. Where we can have the additional space of parking by six to seven times more of an on-street parking, in case of traditional, and even more in case of automated parking system. But still in India, in most cities, multilevel car parking is not at their even half of the utilisation rate, hence faces the problem of less revenue generation and that makes it questionable to sustain as well. (Chitlangia, 2015). The study has been conducted in Indian cities including where multiple car parking has failed, and cities, where it succeeded as well along with Raipur & Delhi. To identify the challenges which are being faced, by parking, many distinct primary surveys were carried out along with several parking surveys, stakeholders & public interviews in those areas. The outcome of the study shows how multilevel car parking and on street parking will affect the nearby surrounding of urban area in terms of safety, public perception, and revenue collection. It also talks about the solution that how it could maximize the utilisation rate of multiple car parking
a case of shahjahanpur U.P
No full textUrbanization is happening all across the world, especially in emerging nations like India. The ever-increasing population and rising industries are the primary drivers of urbanisation. Natural environmental resources and public open spaces have been harmed by unplanned development and the change from green to grey constructions. They facilitate social contact and community cohesion by providing a convenient gathering location for inhabitants. More open green spaces in cities may improve not just the natural beauty of cities, but also the health and well-being of their citizens. Increased biodiversity also decreases air pollution, retains precipitation, and traps CO2.
Understanding the association between urban green space qualities and well-being components might aid future planning and design of these areas. Through a literature survey and case studies of existing practices in diverse circumstances, this research creates a framework for understanding the nature and design of public space. Also strives to research and assess the current state of urban green spaces, as well as locate open spaces in underutilized areas. This study's findings may be utilized to reuse existing public spaces in cities and to develop accessible open public spaces that promote health and well-being.
The aim is to create a continuous urban open green space system that will improve the well-being of a city's community. Based on documentation of activities mapping, vehicular mapping, and user intensity mapping, and by identifying specific qualities of public urban green spaces that support well-being and mitigate climate change to develop further proposals, the finding points to an opportunity to evaluate and incorporate green spaces and creative landscaping connections that can act as useful links between different open spaces
A case of Ariari block Sheikhpura Bihar
No full textWater Scarcity is one of the most significant problems the world faces today. Irrigation/agriculture uses 83 percent of total water demand presently, and the estimated water demand for 2050 is 807 billion cu. m, which is 68.39 percent of the entire projected water demand, which also raises 'Food Security' concerns. In arid regions, the biggest limiting resource for enhanced agricultural productivity is water, not land. Maximizing water productivity is a better approach for dry farming systems than yield per unit of land. Under such situations, more effective water management strategies must be employed.
According to ICAR's Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Indian Agriculture to Climate Change, Sheikhpura district has a risk ranking of 14 based on exposure, hazard, and vulnerability, with the most significant risk factors being: Low available water holding capacity (Vulnerability), Rise in Minimum Temperature (Future Hazard), High Net Sown Area (Exposure), and High Drought Proneness (Historical Hazard).
Using the case study of Ariari Block in the district of Sheikhpura, the research used a block level study methodology. Along with the district of Sheikhpura, the Ariari block's economy is based mostly on agricultural output. The current water deficit in the area is expected to be 143,3 million cubic meters. Sheikhpura block is expected to fall short by 57.8 MCM, Ariari block by 72.50 MCM, and Chewara block by 72.5 MCM (24.3 MCM). Ghatkusumbha block has the narrowest separation (7.6 MCM). Ariari Block consists of 52.6% of the total area under cultivation that is rainfed, as determined by five distinct and comprehensive indications that were used to justify the selection of block level areas (11,596 Ha).
The thesis project's objective is to manage water adequacy in rainfed areas through RWH and plausible crop diversification strategies for sustainable rural development, with three objectives in mind: first, to identify and evaluate the existing rainfed areas; second, to investigate and evaluate the adaptive capacity
to existing agricultural rural livelihood; and third, to profile the vulnerable sections or critical zones through principal component analysis (PCA); and finally, to develop a crop diversification strategy that can be implemented in rainfed areas. This research's methodology can be replicated under comparable conditions for any block-level study technique in India.
Based on the findings, two future scenarios are formed based on spatial and non-spatial recommendations, namely the potential for rainwater collecting and agricultural diversification. Both scenarios include proposals for enhancing the exploitation of rainwater and drought-resistant crops to satisfy the future food supply and enhance the standard of living in the rural communities of the block.
The consolidated approach through integration of various factors such as adaptive capacity, biophysical parameters, socioeconomic aspect, and ISMD guidelines for identification of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) potential zones/areas, which is represented by a consolidated map of all of the above-mentioned factors, is the key factor that distinguishes this study from previous research conducted by multiple researchers in the respective domain
A healthy & liveable city
No full textThe urbanisation process is increasingly placing strain on cities and their infrastructure, resulting in the rapid growth of slums. These habitats are inappropriate and unhealthy because they lack better water sanitation, green places, living space, durability, and security. As a result, cities are placing an increasing focus on infrastructure development.
The global population is rising at a 1% annual pace, although urban populations are growing at about 1.8 percent in more economically developed nations and 2.3 percent in less economically developed ones. The growth of the urban population leads to the formation of urban agglomerations. “New York was the only metropolis in the world with a population of more than 10 million people in the 1950s. There will be 23 such metropolitan centres by 2030. As a result, a lot of focus is placed on providing basic infrastructure, which” needs a lot of money and resources to build and maintain. However, owing to increasing economic activity and investment, the development has been moving at a considerably faster rate. This is particularly true in developing countries like India. This has resulted in a shortage of infrastructure. The Indian government has launched a number of development projects throughout the years, but the emphasis has been on constructing infrastructure that promotes the economy rather than green infrastructure. The priority given to green infrastructure was lower than that given to grey infrastructure. Ecosystems and human health may be harmed by the loss and degradation of urban and peri-urban green space.
To promote “GI in India, it is first necessary to assess the current state of urban infrastructure projects and initiatives that have previously been implemented. It is necessary to investigate the role of green infrastructure in these projects, as well as the government's actions at various” levels. It's also critical to figure out why they haven't been implemented and to see if there are any potential to improve green infrastructure planning in the city. This will aid in the creation of strategies/alternatives for incorporating green infrastructure into large development undertakings. This research examines all of these factors using Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India as a case study.
The study's purpose is “to evaluate the most recent urban infrastructure programme, Development Plan, and City Development Plan, among other things, as well as the current state of green infrastructure in Ujjain. To provide recommendations on how to better integrate and expand the use of urban green infrastructure in future development efforts and the city”.
The goal of this thesis is to improve Ujjain's green infrastructure in order to make it healthier and more livable. To accomplish this goal, first study and evaluate urban green infrastructure in the context of Ujjain city, then identify gaps and difficulties with green infrastructure in the city, and last propose methods to make Ujjain city healthy and liveable via planned green infrastructure