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A case of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
No full textAir quality has become a significant issue of concern in recent years, especially in developing countries such as India. Some of our tier-I cities, like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Vijayawada, Vizag, Hyderabad, and Bangalore, are already dealing with the effects. According to various literature reviews, the primary reasons for degrading air quality are the city's spatial structure and function (socioeconomic activities). Rapid urbanization, industrialization, increased congestion, vehicle ownership, reduced transit capacity, and a lack of effective pollution control policies all contribute. Second, as these cities rise in size, commute distances increase, causing increased road congestion. As a result, the city significantly contributes to the degradation of air quality. This is commonly referred to as city-centric pollution
To conclude, a city's spatial structure impacts anthropogenic activities and, therefore, a significant source of urban air pollution, which defines cities as the central focus. Present programs in India include the “National Clean Air Program (NCAP),” “Forty-Two Action Points,” the “National Air Quality Monitoring Program (NAMP),” and others. Several studies have shown that most of urban areas exceeds the specified standard limits of Air pollution. Central Pollution Control Board has installed ambient air monitoring stations in several metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Vizag etc. The urban planning plays a very important role in reducing the impact of air pollution on human health or to reduce the generation of air pollution. Despite the proven results about the air pollution interference in general well-being of people there is a need of a systemic approach to reduce its effects in an urban area. With a population of around 1.73 million, Visakhapatnam is Andhra Pradesh's secondlargest urban agglomeration (Census, 2011). It's been and remains to be a centre of economic activities in the region, attracting an increasing population to the city. Travel is a result of this population's need for activities such as work, education, recreation, and health, for the aim of bettering their socioeconomic situation However, more transportation activity may result in more pollutants, traffic, and casualties in the city. Hills, forests, the harbour, and industries cover huge swaths of area in the city. Besides these places, the city's urban built-up area is localized in 166km2 throughout 534km2 of total city area. Mitigating Air Pollution Caused by Vehicle Traffic: A case of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Only 31% of the overall planning area is currently developed, with the remaining covered by farms, woods, and hills. As a result, population concentrations in the inner city exceed 27,000 persons per hectare, while the outskirts are sparsely populated. In addition, this area has 686 slums, that also account for 44% of the city's total population. For tourism and other factors in the city, descriptive and inferential analysis was collected, the findings from which summarise the main status and main challenges with in cit
Reclaiming urban residual spaces negotiating urban transformations in Guwahati
No full textThe rapid pace of unplanned urbanization trends in many cities have resulted
in the degradation of the quality of public space networks which are of primary
importance to the structure and quality of the urban environment. Especially cities in
the north-eastern parts of India have modernized in a robust pace in the last 10 years,
and during this period, the scenario of development has resulted in problems related
to congestion, overcrowding, pollution and inadequate public space infrastructure
which has resulted in a change in their morphology. The frequent changes in the built
environment, Landuse Patterns, shifts in demographics due to migration influx,
infrastructural development like construction of bridges, flyovers and shifting of
important services like the railways has led to a neglect in the urban infrastructures
which earlier used to behave as a public realm and has affected the livability and the
socio-spatial relations between open spaces and the people. This neglect has been
noticed in the creation of spaces which are leftover and residual. These spaces have
no positive contribution to the surrounding or the people and are frequented by
concerns arising due to missing socio spatial activities, rise of safety issues, conflicts
between the actors and an overall missing connection to the city’s urban network. As
a result, it is critical that urban design become more attuned to these issues and
necessitate design interventions based on a holistic evaluation of values, issues,
opportunities, and demands that can work within the modern urban environment while
preserving the cultural essence of urban spaces and place identity. This thesis will
explore the neglected residual and temporary spaces that are currently almost
abandoned, and missing active social life in one of the oldest settlement of Guwahati
city, which had seen a gradual transformation and decline in the quality of the network
of public space structure. The aim would be to provide a design strategy for such
spaces, based on the framework of place identity, by assessing the attachment of
people to the memory of such spaces and the different ways in which people
appropriate them. Drawing on such understandings the design outcome expected is
to create a design proposal revitalizing these lost spaces as the social and public realm
of the city. By utilizing features of the landscape, natural settings and the built heritage
an overall framework is to be developed to incorporate these spaces into the wider
network of the cit
Analyzing spatial land use interlinkages using Co-location pattern mining from POI data
No full textCities are not random mix of land uses but rather a deliberate arrangement of uses and functions formed via market and government intervention. In order to minimise urban problems and promote better built environments a good understanding of how land uses interact with each other is vital. Along with this
urbanization is at its peak with 50% of the country expected to be urban by 2050, as more and more people will flood the cities, they will become dense and compact and if not managed properly chaotic, there is a need for systematic development of cities and optimum utilization of land resource before it’s too late.
Land use relates to how various uses are arranged in a spatial environment and that determines how efficiently city function. The aim is to club together uses that minimise the need of resources or which act in synergy for better urban functioning. The study of land use dynamics and the interactions between various
uses will help planners plan for better cities. In Indian context we have land use planning in the form of development plans for a span of 20 years. It contains broad land uses and a set of ancillary uses allowed in it. The market plays its part and dictates what comes up as a result of need and regulations in place. But
what uses have really come up and whether they are conforming or non conforming in nature and how they are spatially arranged at the lowest level is still quite unknown to us which is what the study tries to uncover. The focus is to study how land use linkages occur in the cities under study and quantify them. This will act as a base for urban planners while creating land use plans and associating various land uses which currently is intuition-based. Point of interest data from Google maps is mined to study land-use linkages at the lowest level possible. Once the POI data is mined co-location pattern mining algorithm is used to analyse how these land uses interact with one another in the cities under study. This will uncover detailed land use dynamic which is currently unknown and help decide optimal location for a facility. The results showcase the level of interaction between land uses and their sub-types based on market forces
a case of Vadodara Gujarat
No full textHuman interference to the environment has been increasing from last two decades. And this has imposed severe outcomes on environment and our ecological system. With increasing population, growth is unavoidable, thus its implications are also unavoidable. Leaving us with no other option but to find a path where growth should be sustainable. And for any kind of growth we require energy, whereas Energy sector itself contributes 73% of carbon emissions worldwide. Out of which India’s share is about 6.4% from the total. With the growing energy demands the policymakers, researchers, etc are still negotiating an agreement to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. India is the 4th largest carbon emitter in the world. These emissions affecting global climate resulting irregular weather conditions and having outbreaks like drought, floods, forest fire, urban heating issues. Currently, energy demand is mostly sufficed by combustion of fossil fuels. The other non renewable energy source are also been set up but due to its less diverse application it becomes its limitation. Green Hydrogen energy is a new non renewable source of energy which stands out with any present fuels because of its low carbon footprint and diverse applications sectors like power, transportation and Industry.
Transitioning to alternatives like green Hydrogen is speeding its momentum after the announcement of National hydrogen mission by our political leaders on February 2021. Hydrogen when generated from clean energy source like solar PV, solar thermal, hydro power geo thermal etc. and this generated electricity when used to split the water into oxygen and hydrogen under the process called electrolysis, and then this generated hydrogen is called green hydrogen energy. The energy have potential in future, therefore further research is required especially at Indian context. From the literature study, the gap is identified. Any anthropogenic activities have its affects on environment. Therefore study will access the environmental impacts and feasibility of production of green hydrogen energy for India. The study will be focusing on decarbonising the Industrial sector. Thus, the aim of is to provide environment-friendly pathway for deployment of green hydrogen energy in industrial sector. Since industrial sector is considered to be one of the hard-to-abet sector to decarbonise, therefore industrial sector has been selected for the study. To achieve this aim, three objectives have been formulated. Under the 1st objective, environmental impacts are assessed for production of green hydrogen by using the tool called LCA (life cycle assessment). The tool will give the best renewable source for production of green hydrogen energy by comparing them.
And based on the outcome of previous objective, 2nd objective has identified most suitable state where identified RE source has maximum potential. Further study is been narrowed down to district level on the basis of locations of industries where hydrogen is used as feedstock, annual production capacity of the industries, the major Industrial polluting region of the state and disaster risk of the district.
Under the objective 3, locations are proposed for the RE sources through weighted-overlay analysis in GIS tool. This will help in deployment of green hydrogen in industries. Several parameters are required for this objective for which secondary literature study is conducted. 17 parameters were finalized for performing the land suitability analysis and by giving weightage to all of them, the locations of RE plants have been identified. Further land required for RE plant to fulfill the electricity demand for production of hydrogen through electrolyser in future for the industries is also calculated. This has complete the research by expecting fulfillment of aim.
The outcome of this study is to offset carbon emissions in the identified district and to provide methodology to adopt this technology in a most sustainable way for future execution. The research can help determining areas of improvement in production process, aid strategic planning and inform public policy. The study can further take up for development of policy related to green hydrogen production and its use. It can also help in development of industrial group centers and energy planning of any district. The research will promote the basic principles of sustainable development and therefore government structures can utilize the information contained in the study.
The limitations of study are the study will provide location of secondary infrastructure for deployment of green hydrogen technology in industry and not the hydrogen unit. Study will focused on identified area. Financial aspects have not been considered thoroughly. Also only two types of RE sources have been considered for assessing the environmental load of its product
City after 10 pm creating social spaces for the night: a case study of Visakhapatnam/
No full textNightlife in India today consists of various cultural activities such as music concerts, pubs, theatres, museums, markets, drive-ins and social events. The night-time economy and culture can help bring urban centres to life by creating alternative use of land which lies dormant at night, generating revenue through proposed activities and advancing socio-cultural life and vibrancy. It can create new jobs and leisure activities for local
communities and visitors. Local authorities, residents, police, local businesses and transport providers should work together to make the night economy a bright sector as it has the potential to generate a huge amount of economic and social. The culture of India is so diverse and adaptable in every way from lifestyle to language
that over the years, as highly accommodating individuals, the country has been welcoming various cultures from other countries too. Just like any other culture in India, its Nightlife is distinct and growing.
There exists a research gap in terms of how to increase the country's economy through the promotion of night commercial activities, especially in the case of developing countries like India. It is evident from the literature review that there is huge potential in the Night Economic sector. While there are many opportunities to tap, there are also unique challenges in the areas of regulations and supplementary policy guidelines. This thesis
will help planners and policymakers to understand the benefits of planning vibrant cities and creating and recycling urban spaces and making urban centres vibrant and inclusive.Visakhapatnam is one of the capital cities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, been developing for the past few years in economy and culture. As the IT sector and allied sectors are expanding, providing nightlife for the target population working in this sector plays an important role the in development of these sectors. The young citizens or the cosmopolitan citizens are looking forward to the sources of entertainment during the late evenings or the nighttime. However, participation in the nightlife is not confined to the IT sector and can span across all economic and social sectors of the city. That is making the nightlife and its economy vibrant and inclusive for all communities. It promotes overall cultural, social, and economic advancement for the city in a nutshell. Within this background, the present research focuses on understanding the scope and need for the development of nightlife in Visakhapatnam. Besides, the effects of nightlife on the city will also be analysed for the present and keeping its future potential in mind. The first task ahead is to identify the potential of nightlife in Vishakhapatnam followed
by actualizing it through spatial planning interventions. The thesis aims to propose alternative use of land which is vibrant during the daytime and lies dormant at night. By recycling the use of such land, the thesis will propose interventions that can be adopted across any city
Swachh Survekshan survey on municipal solid waste management: An intercity comparison/
No full textIndia has drawn global attention because of its rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. However, huge economic development has resulted in a significant increase in waste output and natural resource usage, leading to environmental degradation and pollution. In India, the essential responsibilities
of Municipal Corporations and urban local authorities are to effectively manage and appropriately handle it. Effective MSW management is a big challenge in cities with limited land space and a large population, which generate thousands of tonnes of municipal solid waste. India has around 18% of the world's population and generates about 12% of its municipal solid waste. India's waste generation is predicted to boost in the coming years as the country's population continues to grow. As a result, its management is having difficulties.
India's sorting and disposal facilities are inadequate, even though many cities have door-to-door waste collection, and technical advancements but most of the cities lack a sustainable way of dealing with MSW. It is essential to solve the present challenge to improve the MSW management system's efficiency and
effectiveness.In India, under the Swachh Bharat Mission cleanliness survey known as Swachh
Survekshan was undertaken to efficiently manage city waste. The MoUD initiated the Swachh Survekshan survey (cleanliness survey) in 2016 as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. This annual survey's main goal is to rank all Indian cities to enhance local sanitation and cleanliness. From 2016 to 2021, there are six annual
reports available, each of which includes a ranking of various cities across the country. This annual ranking system is based on an assessment of India's present cleanliness, health, solid waste management, and sanitation conditions. Across the six years of the survey era, there are differences in the evaluation process and
ranking technique of surveys. To better understand its evaluation system for cities, two cities have been chosen
Indore and Bhopal, both of which are located in the same state and have a similar population. So, the study aims to examine the differences between two cities in MSWM. The research provides a thorough picture of Bhopal's and Indore's existing waste generation and disposal scenarios, as well as an insight into the
mechanisms used in each city.This research will further examine the Swachh Survekshan survey in both cities to compare performance based on the indicators used in the survey, as well as to understand the survey's evaluation framework and methodology. Finally, the research will recommend some strategies for the poor-performed city to improve the handling of municipal solid waste based on the study's findings
Integration of demand responsive system in bus based public transportation
No full textThe world urban population is increasing at a high pace than ever. Increasing population leads to increasing demand for services. Many countries have started encouraging their citizens to utilize public transportation over private mode of transport, through various initiatives. Studies show that public transport usage helps to mitigate several socio-economic and environmental issues. Public transport enables accessibility to social activities, goods, and services and this can reduce social exclusion and poverty (Hine and Mitchell, 2001). Bus is one of the major public transits and is easily accessible with better connectivity. Increasing the fleet size to meet the growing demand will lead to congestion, increased emissions and it is an unsustainable approach. Existing bus-based public transportation has been a supply-based service which operates on fixed routes, fixed locations with pre planned schedule on a fixed timetable. Users must adapt to this fixed timetable to use this service. Passenger demand is unevenly distributed along different routes and it is changing constantly. Due to the fixed timetables, buses travel with low occupancy for a considerate part of the trips. Various cities have adopted Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) service under various approaches to overcome the above issue. DRT is a type of Mobility-onDemand service, where Public Transportation Service responds and operates on passengers’ demand. The fleets continuously reoptimizing their running routes using real-time data of passengers’ demand, without impacting other passengers. Integrating DRT in Public Transportation is a sustainable approach, which can optimize the route and maximize the utilization of existing resources(fleet). This thesis aims to develop a model that integrates DRT in existing bus-based public transportation. This research focuses on service area delineation and categorization in a city based on varying passenger demand, followed by developing a dynamic route optimization model for bus routes which will be continuously adjusted to serve the real-time passenger demand, and integrating it in existing transportation system
Threads unpicked: reinvigorating the traditional weaver's community vankars of bhuj as a socio cultural centre
No full textEvery city beholds a distinctive identity, which is substantially defined by how its inhabitants’ moulds their traditions and culture and to what extent this impacts the whole face of the city. Bhuj, which is also known as the textile hub of Gujarat, is a small district in Kutch, which has a strong historic background in terms of textile trading. The town is centred around the large hamisar lake, with narrow pathways, small shops and low-rise residences leading to it. Bhuj plays an important role in the whole communication between several
textile communities, which are the authentic origins, in and around Bhuj, like Bhujodi, Sumrasar, Dhordo, Hodka, etc. and the traders/merchants to maintain the continuity and strength of the whole textile web.
Although, this strongly knitted textile web was disrupted on January 26th, 2001, when a massive earthquake with an impact of 6.9 measured on the Richter scale with the southeastern part of Bhuj being the epicentre, was witnessed which was followed by several aftershocks. Over 37.9 million people were affected amongst which 24.8% people of the textile communities had to face a huge dip in their daily economic scales. This also led to the shifting of textile markets to their native villages, which limited the tourist intake. Hence, a need of a platform evokes, where a physical manifestation of technology along with the cultural aspects of the Vankars in order to project a venue that promotes its culture giving an opportunity to the youth to move ahead with time. Several initiatives are already being taken up by Govt. and NGOs to reserve handed-down weaving tradition
and also strategically merge it with the newer technologies of the present times
A Travel Behavior Study for Exploring the Attractiveness of Pod Taxis for Airport Trips
No full textAirports play a significant role in the global movement of passengers, commodities and also serve as a hub for connecting passengers with other means of transportation. As the air and ground systems are interlinked, they have an impact on one another. Mode choice is a deciding indicator for ground access in every airport. Air passenger trips are distinguished from daily trips by a relatively high desire to pay and a large number of travels by visitors to the region; travellers make airport access travel perhaps less regularly than some other urban visits, they commonly have luggage, and people require comfort, safety, and privacy. One of the most prevalent forms of entrance and egress is using a private automobile to pick up and drop off air travellers at the airport.
This research is intended to determine major attributes affecting mode choose for airport travel. Primary survey has been carried out for air passenger to obtain information on travel attributes according to different modes used for a specific trip. An importance performance analysis has been performed by using a combination of revealed and stated preference data to explore the attractiveness of pod taxis for airport trips. Basically, the target construct is to see the factors influencing the choice of pod taxi service near airport can reduce the pressure in ground access