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Conservation Strategies for riverside temples and their associated heritage at Bateshwar Dham, Uttar Pradesh/
No full textThe Bateshwar area is located in the south-eastern part of the district of Agra and is one of the significant religious and social precincts for the people of the Hindu and Jain faith. The oral and written history of Bateshwar dates back to the mythological times. Since then, the morphology grew in the same paradigm following the same abstract and materialistic significance. Signs of this growth can be seen till the British empire without any barrier or pause. Both religions share significant value in the precinct. The foretold significance holds the dominance but the complex is not just confined to the religious importance of Jainism and Hinduism. It is Famous for the 101 Temples Erected on The Banks of The Yamuna River by Raja Badan Singh Bhadawar. Lord Neminath the 22nd Tirthankar of the Jain faith was born at Shauripur near Bateshwar.
It also withholds the social cum commercial character that goes beyond. The Bateshwar Dham Complex caters for one of the country's largest cattle fairs, adding up to the religious significance of the Hindu faith The oral and written history of Bateshwar and Bhadawars starts from 720 A.D when Chauhan ruler Raja Manik Rae of Sambhar ruled the region for more than fifty years until the invasion, then Rao Kajjal Dev ruled the region expanding Agra to the present-day Bah. In the thirteenth century, Raja Karan Singh ruled Bateshwar for
nearly thirty years span. During the reign of Akbar, the region was ruled by Rajput Raja Mukutman who later became a Mughal Mansabdar, succeeding him Raja Mahendra Vikramaditya ruled the region under Mughal King and was a close aide to Mughal Badshah Jahangir.
Later that Maharaja Mahendra Badan Singh of Bhadawar came to rule the region and commissioned the construction of Fort of Ater, a 1.5-kilometer dam across the Yamuna River in the region and also built the significant Bateshwar Dham with 101 Shiv temples on the dam along the Yamuna. Then under the British empire also the Bhadawar and Bateshwar flourished uncompromised under four different Rajput rulers up to 1991.
Post-independence when the Mughal architecture overtook the region becoming World Heritage, the respective authorities of the region started overlooking the Complex giving rise to several issues in terms of management, development, conservation, restoration and even the upcoming opportunities that could have been catering for the surroundings today. This trigger proved to be a big jolt to the Bateshwar Complex.
As found in the documentation via primary and secondary sources, a lot has to be done and implemented to conserve and revitalize the stretch. The strategies concluded are hard to implement due to various limitations but it's doable. The strategies are proposed as per what's found in primary surveys and documentation.
Various pre-existing guidelines are also proposed to be implemented for the Bateshwar Dham Complex.School of Plannnig and Architecture Bhopa
Enabling gender conscious inclusive spaces: a case for women centric urban environment in Kamla Nagar Delhi
No full textOne fine Tuesday evening I realized, months after walking between the metro
station to my house after work, I always take the longer route. The gali
(tertiary road) which directly connected the station to my house had a heavy
canopy of trees, casting unintentional shadows from the dimly lit yellow
halogen lamps. It also had a chai tapir at the junction with an illegally sprung
up alcohol shop. Subconsciously, hundreds of other women, like me, found
nothing unusual in taking the longer, ‘safer’ road back home each day. And
that was the root and inception of the idea of studying the urban realm to
understand how our cities can be planned better- more equitably - to create
an environment which is inclusive for all genders.
“Cities are designed by men for men”, Leslie Kern said in her book feminist
city. And indeed, our cities are gendered at multi-scalar levels ranging from
inside the house to the urban realm. Cities have been gendered before the
advent of modern planning, where European cities were planned by planners,
engineers, and architects – most of them men. With the vast colonialization,
this spread throughout the world. With time, and pioneering ideas of Dolores
Hayden, Jane Jacobs, Elizabeth Wood, the subtle yet prominent links
between patriarchy and spatiality in urban realm were knit together and the
injustice of the ‘right to the city’ by women was established. Furthermore,
with Lefebvre’s and Soja’s theories of space, it was reinforced that spaces is
an embodied experience of the innocent space and the societal conditioning
on it. This gave rise to observation of gendered spaces in the city. Mappings
in the past decade in India by Shilpa Phadke (Mumbai) and other organization
like Safetipin, Jagori have been working relentlessly in this field.
“It’s not safe for women to be our at night”. “Don’t loiter in parks / streets
without purpose”, “Don’t go alone” are some of the common statements
women of diverse socio-economic backgrounds hear each day. According to
a study in India, 57.4% crimes against women occur outside homes – which
makes it a crucial urban design concern. Equal participation and access of
women in cities cannot be seen as a standalone issue, and needs to be
addressed at its roots. This way the solutions suggested won’t act merely as
a bandage to the problem. The primary motive of the study is to zoom out,
and associate women in the urban realm with INCLUSION, not just safety.
The hypothesis of thesis states that inclusion is a precursor to safety, and if
the places are inclusive to women, they will automatically be safe. The study
delves into defining scope and understanding of ‘inclusion’ regarding women
in a precinct in Delhi. This involves understanding the reasons of patterns of
their movement (and lack of movement) and how the experience can be
made more inclusive through interjections in the existing fabric, whilst
proposing the future developments
Reinvigorating the past reminiscence through collective memory: a case of Kumbakonam's traditional core/
No full textIndia's urban environment is known for its vibrant continuity and
interconnectedness of people and places. As a result, the spatial systems of old
Indian cities are often the product of the city's cultural traits. But cities being living
entities, which transforms rapidly with the course of time and influence the
societies. Due to such changing social structure, many features have been faded
out. People or communities might get disconnected from the urban environment as
a result of such.
Thus, the notion of collective memory in the Indian cities are affected. The extent
to which this memory is used has a significant impact on the way cities grow. The
effects of such collective memory can be the missing link causing the infrequent
urban interactions. This have triggered significant changes in terms of physical
surroundings, activities, and place experiences.
Thus the aim of this Postgraduate thesis is to contribute for a better understanding
of the urban memory’s impact on urban life and, its contribution to the conservation
of societies in the traditional urban neighborhoods. This could be understood
through series of investigative analysis by comparing the spaces developed
through cultural appreciation and its present urban scenario. For this purpose, we
will explore and examine these cultural traits of the temple town of Kumbakonam.
The town has been subjected to rising urbanization pressures in recent decades,
with little consideration for the historical qualities of the urban architectural heritage.
The town is transforming its shape both socially and spatially in various traits which
has a greater impact on its identity and collective memory.
There is a greater shift in the people’s mental image of the town from traditional to
a contemporary. This is due to the influence of transformation in the opportunities,
lifestyle, activity pattern and utilization of public spaces. Preservation of such
collective memory could add value to Urban areas thereby to support a sustainable
way of transformation, which is much needed in the present scenario. Thus the intend of this thesis is to reinvigorate the past reminiscence of the
traditional core of Kumbakonam, by determining the relationship between peopleand urban spaces, also the dynamics of social life that affects the unique spatial
arrangements of the town. It also aids in evaluating the functionality of key urban
spaces and appropriate interventions to i
Vitalization of planned sector by developing a third space network: a case of sector-23, Dwarka, Delhi
No full textThe realm of urban design and planning is incomplete without understanding the
sociological transformations going around in the urban environment. There is always
a quest to understand the reason behind the success of certain kinds of spaces and
failure of others. This question is the vey basis of this thesis inquiry wherein there is
an attempt to delve deep into the spatial qualities of space which makes the area
robust and vibrant in nature. The answer to this question is south through the
sociological concept of third spaces. The spaces which actively engage with the
people and communities living in the immediate vicinity and bring in a feeling of
homeliness by regular usage are sought after in this thesis. Basically, third spaces are
a home away from home. This concept is explored by going through the different
resources related to third space theories, which would enable clear understanding of
the core concept. Thereafter, certain case studies related to decoding of third spaces
in the urban fabric is deeply delved into. Though there is a lack of Indian context in
these cases, they present a template to us and help us in forming a clear strategy to
read the urban fabric and identify third spaces within. This template is then applied to
studying contemporary Indian neighbourhood wherein we have a planned sector
juxtaposed with an urban village. The lack of vitality in these planned sectors due to
rigid planning approach is what forms the hypothesis of this inquiry. For this, the
planned sector 23 of the sub district of Dwarka in New Delhi has been selected
because of the availability of complexity with respect to the juxtaposition of settlements
of contrasting characters. This complexity would present to us the different typologies
of open spaces, their spatial attributes and their positive and negative impacts on the
urban fabric and people in the immediate vicinity. As we investigate the different
aspects of third spaces, we also must realise that these spaces are a result of a
complex process of social, spatial, and economic changes. The idea is to extract the
elements of third spaces which attract people and aid in community bonding, active
and passive recreation, provide opportunities for local economy and thereby we can
seek to change the popular belief regarding the public spaces in Indian cities through
creative placemaking which seeks to improve the usability of a space by utilising the
elements of third spaces and at the same time catering to the aspirational needs of
the burgeoning middle class. The intent is to start a process of spatial transformation
by examining the existing situations in a planned Indian neighbourhood with an aim to enhance neighbourhood vitality by creating a third space network. This would not only
bring about a character change in the local neighbourhood but also act as a template
for other neighbourhoods in the vicinity, thereby we can comfortably assume that this
could act as a worthy contribution to the future of urbanism in Indian cities
Reclaiming cultural landscape of Ramtek
No full textRamtek’, in Maharashtra bounded by Ramgiri hill, Kaikai hill and several hills and lakes, the city stands for its importance of cultural and religious beliefs and values . Ramgiri hill landscape is the visualization of the events that took place over there which leads to all the integral cultural and religious activities of the region. Ram mandir situated on the crown of Ramagiri hill is known for all the mythological beliefs attached to the hill and its rich cultural and religious landscape. However, Ramgiri hill losing its forest cover due to forest fragmentation, polluted and neglected wetlands no longer have its true identity which leads to spiritual, cultural and emotional disengagement. Such a rich landscape which inspired Poet Kalidasa to write ‘Meghaduta’ is now degrading.
Along with this, the flooding, groundwater level depletion, scarcity of water are the concerns which are affecting the agricultural practices adversely. Hence, this study explores the measures to restore the landscape of Ramagiri hill, interventions to restore the natural assets first ultimately leading to restoring the lost sacred landscape of the Ramagiri hill.
Keywords- Cultural Landscape, fragmented forest, sacred landscape, cultural disengagemen
Ecologically sensitive landscape design as a sustainable approach for rejuvenation of riverfront
No full textRivers are the most essential natural element in city development. Because rivers were so important to the survival of the city, most of the world's early cities grew up around them. Rivers provide water, aid natural processes like flood prevention, and provide habitat for flora and fauna. Many rivers have lost their environmental and cultural significance because of the rapidly rising population polluting and damaging the rivers. Zarpat river has a similar issue and it has become a sewage drain.the river Zarpat is one of the most important river passing through the city .as it enters the city it starts getting polluted through industrial waste and domestic sewage .river has lost its ecological and cultural values and now the river water is hard of any use to the people.This project aims at giving ecologically sensitive design solutions to resolve this issue and also connect the river to the people through sustainable waterfront development .this will help in improving the health of people and river and will create a green corridor.the river will get its lost identity with respect to the culture and ecology and also adds aesthetic value to the city
a case of Lucknow
No full textIf vegetation changes at the landscape level, it may threaten the capacity of beneficial insects and animals to survive in urban set up or have a substantial implications on production of food, provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Pollinator mortality has a negative impact on quality of ecosystem, including human health and well-being, sports, recreational activities, education, tourism, and culture.
Lucknow's uncontrolled expansion has resulted in a steady loss of open space and green space as a result of the city's fast population increase and chaotic development. Lucknow is one of the country's most populous cities, and uncontrolled growth has had a negative influence on the city's natural spaces. The focus of the study is to estimate the Ecosystem Services provided by Green Corridors considering different elements (forests, and Trees outside Forests, vegetation and cropland) in a quantitative manner thereby presenting benefits of creating a corridor to enhance and sustain these services. In case of Lucknow, 5 levels of classifications have been made to assess the hierarchy of green and open spaces within municipal limits with help of URDPFI Guidelines, viz., 1118 Neighbourhood parks with 253 ha, 42 ward level parks with an area covering 92.63 ha, 21 Zonal parks with an extent of 214 ha, city level parks which are 4 in number have a total area of 192 ha. Ecosystem services obtained from these road verges, parks and gardens, have been used to create Benchmarking for a greenery within open/green spaces. Benchmarking alone cannot be the solution, the study further examines the probable Green Corridor to connect the fragmented open/ green spaces and increase the ecosystem services. In case of Lucknow, 5 levels of classifications have been made to assess the hierarchy of green and open spaces within municipal limits with help of URDPFI Guidelines, viz., 1118 Neighbourhood parks with 253 ha, 42 ward level parks with an area covering 92.63 ha, 21 Zonal parks with an extent of 214 ha, city level parks which are 4 in number have a total area of 192 ha.
For proposal, the road verges were calculated for their areas, and different urban design and planning strategies like Miyawaki Technique, ECOPlan concept has been proposed in specific locations across the city
Architecture as a tool of learning-rajkiya ambedkar residential school, Buxar
No full textThe schooling system comprises mainly three elements: students, the learning process and the built environment around students. This physical built environment affects the cognitive and emotional behaviour of a child. This research focuses on how a school can be designed by employing various learning theories such as behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism etc. Although each theory focuses on a different aspect of learning they can be implemented in some mix to create a more conducive environment for children to learn and explore. These theories can again be implemented to create an environment where students are not always regulated but given freedom of exploration to learn on their own. The paper collects insights from teachers through interviews on architectural manifestations of the chosen learning theories. These insights along with derived architectural manifestations are used to create recommended strategies for designing schools promoting self-directed learnin