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Conservation Strategies for Historic Town of UDAYPUR, Madhya Pradesh/
No full textThrough a comprehensive approach, the thesis intends to analyze Udaypur (M.P.) as the old, planned city of Raja Udayaditya and prepare a conservation strategy for the historic center. Udaypur is in the Madhya Pradesh state in central India, in the Malwa area. The name of the town is taken from the name of the king who founded it, Raja Udayaditya, who founded Udaypur and built the Neelkantheswar Udayeshvara temple and the Uday Samudra lake. The town has various Hindu, Jain, and Islamic architectural landmarks, as well as
several bawdis and lakes that were formerly part of the old water system. The thesis entails a study of Udaypur based on Raja Bhoj's conventional town planning principles as described in his literature, 'Samrangana Sutradhara,' as well as other academics' works, and correlating it with on-site data. It all starts with the identification and documentation of existing heritage structures and precincts, as well as their usage, function, and concerns. This also includes a graphical portrayal of Udaypur's historical progression, with numerous layers of history and their metamorphosis in the current urban setting, as well as the city's old cultural riches. This would include calculating how much of the cultural heritage has survived and how much has been lost
and their significance. The thesis will result in a conservation plan for Udaypur's historic center. This would include dividing the center into zones for better management and then developing heritage zone criteria. There would be ideas for managing heritage structures that have been discovered and designated, as well as conservation plans to conserve the remaining cultural treasures in Udaypur's historic care. This study is a great chance to bring this heritage town to the forefront since it has separate structures with their own value and originality that have long been overshadowed by nearby monuments such as Sanchi stupa and Udaygiri caves.School of Planning and Architecture Bhopa
a case of Indore
No full textThe major cause of unstructured and undefined land use patterns is urbanisation, which has a direct and indirect influence on the environment as well as natural resources that supply high-quality ecosystem services for well-being components. The tremendous spread of cities (urban sprawls), especially in emerging countries, has resulted in more poverty and environmental devastation than ever before. At the turn of the twenty-first century more than fifty percent resides in the urban area. This number is expected to increase by more than 60%, with Asia and Africa accounting for the bulk of the growth. Around the globe, Urbanization trends are growing exponentially, as per the World Urbanization Prospects 2018 more people resides in urban area, than that of rural around the globe, which accounts for 55% of the global population as per 2018. In 1950, only 30% population was urbanized which is projected to 68% for 2050 (WUP-2018).
The procuring of services derived by the ecosystems are under increasing pressure as a consequence of these major changes and continuous population expansion with economic progress. As a result, their ability to continue delivering these services is jeopardised. Because they are inextricably interconnected and related to land use changes; studies that link these concerns are crucial in the context of improved land management and the long-term supply of ecosystem services. Urbanization is the most significant human influence affecting urban environments. Because this changes the interplay between the system's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere Ecosystem services are the tangible advantages that humans get from natural phenomena that are non-human in nature. As the loss of ecosystem services increases there are many direct losses. First, it limits the amount of available habitat, which may have a significant effect on creatures that need large areas of land. Second, habitats become increasingly separated. Habitats are swallowed in a sea of farmland or civilization. Animal species are further isolated by roads and fences, making movement across environments difficult, if not impossible. Third, environmental changes and habitat modification cause habitat changes. As a consequence, habitat quality deteriorates, and biodiversity suffers. The ecosystem could no longer sustain native species richness (number of species) or composition before landscape changes (types of species).
The major gap that is addressed, there are much significant work remained in developing the current ecosystem services data resourcing, model configuration, and integrating it in decision making for the future planning processes, also simulating the model based on evident ecosystem services for a potential land use and land cover configuration, which can be utilized for developing land use planning and representing spatially the identified land cover projection, with respect to the impacted services of ecosystem which is based on cellular automata, that implies a real life scenario, and thus the integration of Artificial Neural Network and Markov model.
Department of Environmental Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal (MP)-462 030
This integrated model is entirely based on physical presumption that, the future state is directly dependent on the current state of urban expansion, by taking human activities and natural deriving factors of ecology into consideration with determining the extensive linkages between the land use pattern and fabricated or natural deriving factors that alter the changes.
The study is caried from understanding the impact of Urbanisation (Urban Expansion) on ecosystem services variables and environment which include the delineation of the ecosystem services of first level and secondary level services and mapping the ecosystem services and its changes with respect to the base years of 2001, 2011 and 2021 to evaluation of the delineated variables and their thresholds for Land use land cover distribution. Further, model calibration is done of the basis of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and Markov chain model which include the deriving factors for projecting the Land use Land cover for simulating and developing a potential land use land cover configuration having minimum impact on Ecosystem Services and quantifying the services on the basis of highly vulnerable area by standardizing the ecosystem services values. Further, by taking an ideal Eco System Services Richness map which will be based on the previous year services maps using weighted evidence methodology to configure it on the basis of changing land use and land cover. Deriving factor data rasters contains the learnings as these are independent variables, while initials datasets have information about the current land use land cover categories which are dependent variables on factors affecting the growth. The modelling initiates as a predictor that predict and calculate the potential based on transition based on the current state of independent variables and dependent variable i.e., LULC. In result, model totally relies on transition potentials generated using the model, omitting implicit transition. If the model uses its neighbourhood for training neighbourhood effect is obtained, for instance the logistic regression develops corelation with each neighbourhood and thus, it impacts each of its neighbour for transition potential modelling, the simulation will be so generalized if the training of data does not use its neighbourhood. Output derived after the processing of model is projected LULC for 2051, which has used the base year of 2001-2011 and 2011-2021 simulated maps having the accuracy of correctness about 72.05%. Major growth has observed in the build-up, of about 51.28% for 2051 from 36.50% for 2021 with in the planning area boundary. The barren or open patches of land has decreased from 20.69% to 14.08% from 2021 to 2051, majorly changes to build-up, also same with agricultural or cultivable land, vegetation cover and water bodies has observed to be decreased of about 27.0% to 21.43%, 15.01% to 12.78% and 0.82% to 0.42% overall respectively from 2021 to 2051.
We have simulated ecosystem services maps with land use land cover classification for deriving the vulnerable patches and further proceeding with these patches possible configuration has been done to map the amount of simultaneous changes the services have with changing land cover pattern. As a conclusion, we have created a potential
Department of Environmental Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal (MP)-462 030
land use and land cover configuration that has a lower adverse impact on ecosystem services and the environment. The derived outcome of simulated patches for 2051 has shown affirmative results for the delineated ecosystem services, under the quantification of highly vulnerable degraded services it can be conserve using such model
a case of Beed district
No full textThe climate disaster poses a major threat to humanity, environment, and all of our planet's animals, plants, and wildlife that inhabit our planet. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated in 1990 that the most prominent effect of climate change could be on human migration, with millions of people displaced due to shoreline erosion, coastal flooding, drought and agricultural disruptions. As per the International Organization for Migration (IOM), there are around 272 million individuals, representing 3% of the global population, presently live outside of their birthplace. Climate change has become a major driver of population displacement. South Asia has received international attention for being an extremely climate vulnerable region due to extremely high population density, high density of poverty and lack of resources for climate adaptation.
People may consider migration as the greatest approach for boosting their life chances as a result of climate change reducing their capacity to live a productive life in their customary area of residence. India being one of the largest country in the region is highly vulnerable to both internal and broader migration due to the impacts of climate change.
There are 1.3 billion people involved in the rural areas and are engaged in climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fishery forestry for their livelihood becoming a typical method for managing risk, achieving goals, and earning money. In India there are seven states and out of 612 districts 100 are vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Despite of being such a big and evident issue and it comes with lots of challenges and have immense impact on our life it is still termed as an ignored crises. There are lots of challenges that are faced by these climate induced migrants like sometimes they resettle in dangerous places or be pushed further to the margins. Increase in human trafficking. No laws recognizing the people who are displaced due to the effects of climate change as ‘migrants‘. The lack of figures can be attributed to a lack of clarity among scholars and policymakers in defining migrants of environmental disaster. There are various Vulnerabilities of Climate induced migrants like Livelihood insecurity and lack of access to better opportunities and assets.
Assessment of Climate Change induced migrants in rural context, A case of Beed District The problem identifies in that there are need of better understanding the climate change impact in local context that cause the migration, and does vulnerability assessment provides a pathway towards the spatial planning of the region while considering the migrants. The aim of the study is to assess climate out-migration in the Beed district of Maharashtra and evaluate various variables associated with it. To achieve this aim there are three objectives, first one is to Study how climate change is impacting the area/region, which includes study about the Social, economic and physical factors of the area and also Conceptualizing the relationship between climate change, environment and migration.
Second objective is to understand the government initiative for dealing with the vulnerabilities of these climate induced migrants, which includes current migration trends in response to sudden and slow-onset disasters policy responses and legal frameworks and strategies to deal with climate change. Third objective is to assess the livelihood vulnerabilities of climate migrants, for that it’s important to analyze nature of migration in the study area and also Understanding the impact of climate change on migrants life. The study is done with scope of exploring adapting strategies to reduce the livelihood vulnerabilities of climate induced migrants and also Identifying methods and tools to conduct climate change migration study in absence of migration data. With the help of Primary survey there’s opportunity to understand the impacts on livelihood due to climate change and understanding the livelihood vulnerability of climate induced migrants. The
study will be done on a district level based on the vulnerability assessment of that region.
The study will be limited to the region with slow onset disaster. To achieve the objectives study considered various factors like rainfall data, change in the amount of rainfall, and no. of rainy days unusual rainfall events, decrease in net sown area, declining crop yields and livestock which undermine rural livelihood and stimulate climate migration for the Beed district. The data for all these parameters are collected from 1981 to 2020 from various secondary sources.
For further study ,for the selection of village ,index based approach is used which involve indicators like NDVI, NDWI, Soil moisture index, Ground water availability data and socio economic profile of all the talukas. Survey based approach method is used for conducting primary survey in the villages due to unavailability of migration data, primary data is collected at household level through survey and focused group discussions through Assessment of Climate Change induced migrants in rural context, A case of Beed District quantitative and qualitative questionnaire covering sixty four households within five villages. The surveys are conducted in the villages namely of Hatkarwadi, Takalwadi, Dhangarwadi, Gahukhel and Nandur which are identified on the basis of index based approach ranking and stakeholder consultation. Socio economic characteristics of these villages are studied Findings from household level survey suggest that the migration has increased approximately nine times in the intervention villages in past one decade. Water scarcity is the main driver of long term and short term migration followed by low income and lack of job opportunities. Migration is viewed as a volunteer decision but leaving a place is not a choice but a result of destruction of economic, political and social infrastructure which are required for the survival. It is required to take necessary actions mat various stages, but at initial stage before migration it’s extremely important which deals with the prevention and reduction of climate migration by increasing adaptation to climate change
Bracing Margins through Social Infrastructure in Dhanas, Chandigarh
No full textThe planning and construction of Chandigarh was a defining moment for India because it displayed to the wider world the new country's commitment to "modernization, growth, and progress." However, there was no provision for lowincome migrants in Chandigarh's planned metropolis. These labours were required
to build the planned city but were not permitted to live within it or included in its spatial planning.
The inadequacy of the master plan to accommodate the urban poor and grasp the economic structure of the community that will inhabit the city had an immediate impact on the greenbelt or the periphery.
As regions began to grow, people of labour colonies were relocated to the periphery. Spatial dislocation hampered their mobility, both physical and economical, and, when paired with bad infrastructure and housing conditions, alienated inhabitants from the new settlements and limited their participation in processes of place-making or neighbourhood development. Dhanas is a rehabilitation housing project on the outskirts of Chandigarh. It is one of the projects done by the municipal administration of Chandigarh as part of its
programme to become "India's First Slum-Free City." Rehabilitation housing complexes have included varied amounts of government funding and design, but have mostly focused on the apartment blocks themselves.
The thesis seeks to inspire individuals' creativity by identifying opportunities for selfimprovement in their local communities and viewing this as a starting point. The idea is to have architecture that progresses toward honest and humble projects that are woven into their social fabric and have a positive influence on the lives of ordinary people. To enhance community participation and thereby develop community relationships by designing areas that enable free and spontaneous usage; "Let's conduct a class beneath the shade of a tree today.
BAMBOO TRAINING AND TECHNICAL CENTRE DIMAPUR, NAGALAND
No full textThe Bamboo Training and Technical Centre is an institute dedicated to the propagation of bamboo technology and research. It offers courses at the undergraduate, graduate, research level along with diplomas, summer workshops and short-term training programs. This thesis project revolves around the redesign and
planning of Nagaland Bamboo Resource Centre (NBRC), Dimapur. Through the project one hopes to encourage the adoption of composite construction techniques of bamboo, in the state. The design tries to recall in the memories of visitors the calm, beauty and simplicity of a traditional Naga village, a time when
bamboo was used widely and integrated into their lives. This physical manifestation of the design is achieved through the study of a traditional Naga village as per the guidelines of ‘A Pattern Language’ by Christopher Alexande
Alternative models of land assembly and disposal for developing new towns in India
No full textNew Towns were developed in the United Kingdoms as post war reconstruction efforts to combat urban diseases. The concept is not new to India. Jaipur and Fatehpur Sikri are historical examples of New Towns in India while the seven capital cities of Delhi including Lutyon’s New Delhi are the oldest and continuous exercisein New Town building in India. These cities were well-designed, exclusive and made for the privileged sections of society whereas now New Towns are made as homes of displaced people, campuses of
education, seats of governments, and bases of industry. Various New Towns of India including Chandigarh, Bhubaneshwar, Navi Mumbai, New Town Kolkata, Nava Raipur, and Amaravati were studied to understand the process of new town development in modern India. Land assembly is the most critical aspect of any major Greenfield project. Therefore various land assembly and development mechanisms adopted in India were
also studied and their challenges understood. It was also realized through literature review that land disposal mechanism is highly dependent on the way the land was acquired and assembled. Therefore, it becomes important to study both these aspects of New Town development if we are to construct better, affordable and more inclusive cities in the future. Recently, the 15th Finance Commission suggested an endowment of INR 8000 Crore to develop 8 new-towns in eight different states. MoHUA will be starting work on a new framework to develop these new cities. It will come up with detailed guidelines and development framework for the Greenfield project in a year or so as such a framework is presently absent in India. This is the first initiative by central government, of this scale to evelop new towns in India making the study relevant.The research attempts to answer the question- How can equitable land assembly & disposal models be evolved for New Town Development in India? For this, the case of Nava Raipur was identified as the primary case study. The aim of the research is, therefore, to derive an equitable land assembly & disposal structure for development of future new towns in India. The objectives are to understand the new town development models globally and in India, to assess land assembly models in India, to understand the development process adopted in Nava Raipur and its impact on the population through empirical study, to propose a conceptual structure of land assembly for developing New Towns in India. Focus Group discussions, primary survey and semi-structured interviews
have been conducted with the stakeholders involved in or affected by the land assembly, compensation and resettlements aspects of the development following an inductive approach to examine causative variables.
The study is limited to the domains of Land Assembly, Land Sales and Disposal and touching upon associated fields. Due to time constraints and restrictions imposed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, only one case of New Town could be undertaken for primary survey while other cases were referred to through secondary sources and existing literature. The research has led to the formation of a framework for landassembly and disposal, a model procedure that the government can follow to ease and streamline the entire development process and some recommendations to make the process more equitable
and efficient. The study will help future researchers and policy makers in formulating a national framework for developing New Towns in India
Pandharpur Maharashtra
No full textMass congregation takes place for different purposes like sports events, religious rally, political rally, etc. This uncertain mass gathering like religious gathering creates impacts on environment. In a religious country like India, with such a vast history in terms of religion and religious places, one of the core motives of people to travel is to experience these religious forms, culture and attain peace. Trips like the Amarnath Yatra, Char dham Yatra, Braj dham yatra are well known to people and they take these trips once in their lifetime. Hence Religious tourism is the most explored type of tourism in India. The tourism activities, and especially the religious activities exert pressure on the natural systems of the place. The parameters being the loads of pollutants and toxic materials, and other socio economic changes, which are in such huge figures that are not sustainable to the city. The impacts may be on the resident people, the culture, and especially on the natural environment of the place. The presence of tourists along with their activities creates high pressure on the city’s resources that are needed to support them.
Pandharpur is such a religious place in Maharashtra which is the main urban center of Pandharpur taluka and receives millions of tourist per year. These pilgrims travel from all over the Maharashtra and other nearby states from south India. These tourists mainly are from rural population, the middle class population, Foreigners. Majority of the population visit is from age 40 to 80 years old.
This thesis aims to assess the impact on this Religious Tourism and the activities they undertake on the Natural Environment of the city, that includes, Air, land, the holy river Bhima, other waterbodies, along with the mapping religious activities. Primary survey at the temples and ghats, along with secondary data from tourist offices, Municipal Corporation and State Pollution Control Board has been collected for the Analysis. The thesis focuses on assessing environmental impacts with DPSIR framework by European Environmental agency
Retaining traditional spatial character in a rapidly transoforming urban context: case of Ayodhya
No full textAyodhya, being one of the most sacred places is known as the legendary capital of
Rama; and nowadays one of the most important places of pilgrimage in India with
special reference to its sacred cultural landscapes. Ayodhya the Birthplace of load
Rama attracts a huge number of pilgrim tourists to the city. This city has its essence
as a religious place and its historically rich places. In Ayodhya, the era of Lord Rama
can be seen through the cultural characteristics of the city. Culture denotes a
historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of
inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms using which men communicate,
perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life.
The development of Ayodhya is taking place as a religious tourism city, it attracts
both foreign and domestic tourists. Elaborating on the theme of religious tourism
within the city will be beneficial for the physical and economic growth of the city.
Religious tourism refers to contemporary patterns of visitation to places of religious
importance or pilgrimage sites where visitors aim to fulfill religious needs and
recreational needs. Religious tourism reflects the religious aspect seen in
pilgrimage and the touristic aspect of sightseeing and involves a change away from
the regular environment. According to Turner 1978, tourism in religious and
heritage cities comprises three key elements: motivation, journey, and destination.
Based on this structure, when a journey has an exclusively religious character with
a motivation for spiritual or religious fulfillment, a visitor is considered to be a pilgrim;
therefore, there is greater intensity and frequency of behaviors associated with that
sphere: overnight stays in religious structures, participation in religious services,
celebrations and rituals. However, the same may not be true for travelers who are
driven by a combination of religious and non-religious motives, as their motivation
is to experience “spectacle” aspects and practice forms of consumption that are
absent in the typical image of a pilgrim. Thus, the exclusivity and intensity of a
religious motive may help to consider a visit to a holy place as more of a pilgrim
than a tourist or vice versa
The intent is to retain the cultural aspects and enhance religious tourism in the city.
Ayodhya city has a high potential to attract tourists and due to the special cultural
atmosphere thereof, it is possible to develop religious-cultural tourism. Religious
tourism deepens and connects people personally to a holy place, makes them feel
free from worry, and helps to find peace and meaning in life. Religious tourism acts
as a unique type of cognitive tourism that satisfies the interests of passengers and
allows them to go through the process of religious cults, rituals, and rites, and
observe and live with them. Religious tourism usually involves the observation of
religious institutions, the performance of sects as well as visiting museums and
exhibitions. This city attracts a large number of tourists every year, especially on
the occasion of Ram Navami
Revitalisation of Historic Core of Meerut city/
No full textThis thesis sets out to examine the case for revitalisation of the historic core of Meerut city, Uttar Pradesh in terms of sustainability aspects. Indian cities are facing deteriorating quality of life due to rapid urbanisation.
Historic urban centres within these cities with natural and manmade environments embodies the value of traditional urban centres. However, these are being threatened, degraded, damaged or destroyed in terms of physical, social, economic and cultural aspects. These historic cores have continuously
been the beating heart of flourishing economic activities and social interaction. Meerut is the largest city in NCR after Delhi and is one of the vibrant commercial centre and at the same point the core city is the point of discontent with the low quality of life. This study shall analyse the current driving forces of change and
problems it faces and work out the strategy for its revitalisation in terms of sustainability, dealing with all pillars of sustainability. The aim of the study is to improve the quality of life while preserving basic character of the area. There is a need to create a culture of resource allocation that places the needs of
vulnerable groups and individuals on an equal footing with the interests of those who are better off.
The idea is to retrofit the old character of the town to accommodate contemporary living and working while retaining the positive characteristics. For revitalisation of historic core, this thesis explores a methodology that uses various strategies which suggest different priorities, modes of implementation which includes community planning, mercantile planning and transit oriented development. Thus, this is an attempt to develop an integrated plan which considers the congruencies and conflicts of the different strategies. In simple terms, this would be a revitalisation of an average city centre with almost no external fundings. The research is a qualitative exploratory case-study, based on the interviews of primary actors, rapid survey, and observation supported by photographic documentation. Secondly, the need of stakeholders are being catered to through various enabling mechanisms, such as informal sector, social support and institution of collaboration. Thirdly, the area have much potential in terms of economy however, it’s degrading because of unavailability of loans and schemes and infrastructure. Paradoxically, the physical proximity of different inter-related land uses is typical of the small scale industries; if these parts are separated in space, the system would not be able to function. Based on the analysis, there is a need of improvements in the existing conditions and uses of
the area.
Above all, it requires an integrated plan that is based on an understanding of the contribution of people and stakeholders to that system and incorporates the area’s existing functions with inter zonal and city wide linkages. Based on this understanding, proposals and recommendations will be given in this study.School of Planning and Architecture Bhopa