IR@SPA Bhopal
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Exploring the role of built environment in shaping travel outcome with relation to shopping behaviour
No full textRecent researches have revealed that, in addition to travel behavior, people's lifestyles, attitudes, and behavior all play an essential role besides alternative attribute factors and socio-economic factors. The mindsets, behaviors, and lifestyles of the people are the main influencers on shopping trips. Additionally, research have demonstrated that an individual's travel behavior is influenced by their activity preferences and the location of their journey. [Boussauw, Lauwers, and Ronse, 2015]. Communications technology has drastically changed how people purchase in recent years. Consumers today have a variety of options for purchasing items from local or international marketplaces as well as for shipping these things to their homes, whether they are acquired from physical stores or online sellers. More and more consumer goods and household items are now being delivered to houses instead of being picked up at physical stores. This transition has had a significant impact on people's shopping behavior as well as the growth of online shopping as a retail channel. Studies from all across the world have discovered that shopping online has the potential to change the nature and patterns of shopping visits, to replace them, to complement them, to expand them, or to have no impact at all (i.e. no effect). These effects varies with type of product purchased, geographical location, surroundings and culture of the shopper. Thus, there is a need to know more about shopping preference for daily need items and built-environment characteristics of the neighborhood. We can find evidence for substitution effect in various studies. In my thesis, I carried out a preliminary research study in four different neighborhoods in the national capital city, Delhi. The aim of my thesis was to study the effects of built-environment characteristics of the area upon individual’s shopping behavior for daily need items at neighborhood level. My two main research questions were: 1. How is shopping preference of individuals related to objective factors (personal, household and built-environment characteristics) for daily need items at neighborhood level? 2. How do subjective factors influence shopping preference for daily need items at neighborhood level? Shopping preference is not always physical or online. It can also be both (hybrid mode). Here we are excluding hybrid shoppers. There is wide range of daily need items available online and offline, but this study only focuses upon grocery, vegetables and perishable items (meat and fish). This study addresses the individuals aged above twenty five years in order to exclude children and young adolescents, who are often found to be treated as a separate group of interest in shopping preference research. The factors that are associated with or that influence shopping preference can be broadly classified into objective factors and subjective factors. Objective factors are directly measurable while subjective factors need to be measured through indirect methods. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics, travel characteristics, built-environment characteristics, etc., can be measured directly, and so they are treated as objective factors. However people’s perception related questions can only be measured indirectly, and so they are treated as subjective factors. This broad classification of factors as objective and subjective has been considered while carrying out this study. Four neighborhoods in Delhi were selected for case study. Each neighborhood comprises of different land use. The neighborhoods were selected from the Zonal Development Plan 2021 of Zone F, Delhi. Another criterion applied was the builtform and road network distribution within the neighborhoods. All the four neighborhoods are well connected via metro. R K Puram is located in North-west of Zone F, near Vasant Vihar. It is comparatively low density area. Malviya Nagar is located near to Saket, one of the three main district centers of Zone F. It is comparatively congested area developed for accommodation of displaced people under Urban Renewal Scheme. Ber Sarai is located near to IIT Delhi. It is categorized as Urban Village with permissibility of mixed use. South Extension II comprises of posh residential societies along wit
a case of rural Ghaziabad
No full textThe 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA), which introduced Part IX in the Constitution making state legislatures responsible for devolving power, funds, and authority to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Rural Local Bodies (RLBs), India embraced this new waveof decentralisation, imbibing all of its intrinsic characteristics, but nowhere does it mention Rural India's Spatial Planning. Rapid unplanned development has been observed in villages over the lastdecade, particularly near urban centres in the village's extended abadi (residential) area, giving rise to unplanned and unauthorised development, which needed to be regularised and retrofitted into planned development. The planning process for rural land near urban centres is important becausethe activities permitted in these rapidly changing villages must be decided in order to create a sustainable environment in the villages. Gram Panchayats, as the third tier of governance and the tier closest to the people, play an important role in assisting the people. Furthermore, Article 243Gof the Constitution mandates Gram Panchayats to be endowed with authority to enable them to prepare plans for economic development and social justice within their respective areas. The Ministry of Panchayat Raj (MoPR) issued guidelines for Rural Area Development and Plan Formulation and Implementation (RADPFI) which introduced the different typologies of villages,Land Use standards for different areas, Village Town Planning Scheme through community-basedplanning. Using the SVAMITVA programme for digitalisation of villages in the Abadi area (linking to land records), the RURBAN MISSION are all programmes aimed at developing rural areas in India. Considering the rate of development and increasing demand for Land i.e. is the onlyresource rural area has so there is a need for planning interventions/strategies for balanced development in rural areas to regularised planned development. This thesis focuses on investigating the financial profile of Rural Local Bodies and to identify the Land Based Rural financial Instrument to make GP self-sufficient by generating own sourcerevenue through existing resources which are unidentified yet. This thesis proposes the Gram Panchayat Spatial development plan of Jalalpur Improving the Financial health of Rural Local Bodies through Spatial Planning: A case of Rural Ghaziabad Didhar GP which consists of three villages in Muradnagar Block of Ghaziabad District. Through the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat and majorfocus area of Ministry of Panchayati Raj, this thesis will demonstrate the best suitable example for a specific typology of village with Land based financing instruments. The goal of the thesis is to strengthen the GP financially which can be achieved through spatial planning. Finally, suggesting recommendations for existing Building Byelaws for rural areas of Uttar Pradesh for defining norms and fees through upcoming infrastructure, buildings and land use based model on the gaps identified from the analysis. The study will contribute to overall Gram Panchayat development both spatial and financiall
a case of Lucknow Metro
No full textHousing price is big concern for all the major cities in India and around the world. It can be challenging to generalise it, as there are so many variables responsible, including household's financial status, housing demand, supply, tenure type etc. Now a days with fast growing cities with good transit system people are encouraged to use public transport to commute larger distances in short time. The introduction of a metro line in a city can have a significant impact on the housing market. The impact can be seen through changes in property prices, rents, and the overall supply and demand of housing units. This study focusses on assessing the impact of metro station on housing market with a case of Lucknow Metro. Lucknow being the capital of most populous state and 10th largest city in India has seen significant change in real estate in past 10 years with introduction of metro line. The same has been interpolated in this study. Through the study, it was found that property size is most significant factor to determine the housing price in Lucknow. Other significant factors identified are Land value and distance from metro stations. Correlation has been used to find the relationship between distance to MRTS and housing price/ land price/ rental value to analyses the impact. Analysis is done to demonstrate the change in property price and socio-economic condition over the period. H+T index has been used to analyse the housing cost and transportation costs around metro station buffer. The research indicates that there is large gap between market price and circle rate of property in Lucknow. As metro has a significant impact on the housing market, the same has been tried to highlight in the form of existing regulation and the methodology has been proposed to capture this increase in the pricing in allocation of land use and identification of property tax. Changes in the parameters to valuate property tax and stamp duty has been suggested to bridge the revenue loss. Zoning, FAR and density changes has also been suggested to maintain diversity, accessibility, and affo
a case study of Patna, Bihar
No full textOver the years increased pressure of Urbanization and population growth in cities have adversely affected the river-cities relationships. Cities have been mainly held responsible for the deteriorated states of rivers & water bodies. There is a need for new–river thinking cities. This study aims to develop an inclusive River sensitive urban planning approach for the city of Patna and addresses the river Ganga looks at how the city has missed the opportunity to address. The study focuses on planning for river–sensitive development examining the relationship between river and city, and then deals with addressing the various urban sectors that have an impact on the river. This study includes the delineation of water sensitive zone for Patna based on existing WSZ guidelines using a combination of mapping tools, geographic information system. Further the present study unfolds the major factors affecting the river sensitive urban planning of Patna through the objective analysis of different parameters used for framing the master plan of river sensitive city and finds out the major concern areas. Thereafter additionally study includes the analysis of Patna master plan examines the adoption and consideration of river sensitive urban planning approach and gap identification. On the basis of findings the present study further provides required measures for promoting river sensitive planning in Patna
Assessment of logistics services quality of goods transport agency
No full textThe research currently focuses on Goods Transport Agencies (GTA) operating in India, specifically in Madhya Pradesh, and their significance in efficient supply chain management. GTA is defined as any entity involved in the road transportation of goods, issuing a consignment note as per section 65B of the Finance Act 1994. Understanding the operations and limitations of these agencies is crucial for optimizing the movement of goods. The study aims to fill the gap in literature regarding the documentation of GTA functioning, particularly in the Indian context where the sector is largely informal. By studying these service providers, supply chain managers can gain insights into potential bottlenecks and inefficiencies in transportation. Access to relevant information plays a vital role in making informed decisions and optimizing logistics operations. To develop a comprehensive framework for documenting the functioning of GTA, the researchers classified local and regional level agencies in Madhya Pradesh based on their transportation network coverage. Data collection was conducted based on 15 parameters, which aimed to identify issues and concerns at the local and regional levels. By addressing these challenges, the efficiency of the supply chain and transportation of goods and services can be improved. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the operations and challenges faced by GTA in order to enhance supply chain management. Through the development of a framework and the identification of key issues, the study seeks to contribute to the optimization of logistics operations and ultimately improve the movement of goods and services in the region. Understanding the operations and limitations of the goods transport agencies is crucial for efficient supply chain management. These service providers play a critical role in ensuring the efficient and effective movement of goods. A way that companies have found to respond to the challenges of customer satisfaction is the development logistics services quality. Selecting the appropriate logistics servic
Impact of urban green spaces on quality of life a core periphery comparison in Lucknow
No full textThe National Commission of Urbanisation 1982 emphasized on balanced approach towards urbanization in India, advocating for low-rise and high-density development to ensure that cities remained sustainable and liveable. The urbanization process in India has posed challenges in providing green and healthy spaces. In order to accommodate other land uses such as residential, institutional, or commercial, the availability of green spaces is sacrificed over a period of time in the core area. Similarly, urban growth also creates pressure on green spaces and agricultural land in the peripheral areas of the cities. The reduction of per capita green spaces due to urban growth and the demand for infrastructure development has raised concerns. Urban green spaces play an important role in improving environmental quality, liveability, and sustainability in urban areas. They contribute to various aspects of urban life, including housing, business, leisure, and commercial development. They also provide many contributions to social and economic life, to the local ecological and planning systems, and as a whole, to the urban Quality of Life. The absence of UGS can negatively affect physical and mental health, air quality, biodiversity, temperature, and social interaction. To study the urban green spaces on the quality of life, I have selected the case of Lucknow city, examining the disparities between the core and peripheral areas. Lucknow has a rich amalgamation of culture and heritage. But poor maintenance and encroachment of the green spaces in the core areas have reduced the per capita of green space. This thesis conducts a comprehensive assessment of urban green spaces in both the core and peripheral areas of Lucknow using qualitative and quantitative measures. The research reveals that the per capita green spaces in the core city are lower compared to the peripheral areas, impacting the overall quality of life. The study proposes interventions to improve the availability, quality, and usability of green spaces in both the core and peripheral areas of Lucknow city. By analysing how urban green spaces enhance the quality of life, this research aims to enhance the well-being of citizens. The strategies are proposed for improving the management and development of urban green areas, including institutional and policy interventions