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Cost of Restricting Freight Transport in a City
No full textUrban freight transportation is a vital component of the larger supply chain and a
major driver of urban development and economic viability. This dynamic system
generates a strong ecosystem that supports many livelihoods in the metropolitan
environment while also enabling the effective transportation of products. On the
other hand, intrinsic difficulties such freight flow bottlenecks cause serious
problems for inhabitants, customers, and the cost of goods. This essay examines
the complex effects of urban freight restrictions, concentrating on the most widely
used policy strategies used by Indian cities, which restrict freight movements based
on weight or time limits. The urban freight ecosystem has a profound impact on all
aspects of city life, including employment prospects and economic activity. Many
different types of people, including small business owners, logistics specialists,
truck drivers, and warehouse employees, depend on the complex web of freight
movements for their livelihoods. Comprehending the interdependent nature of this
relationship is crucial in order to appreciate the wider implications of policies
designed to control the movement of freight in cities.
Imposing restrictions on freight movements is a typical governmental strategy in
Indian cities, where urbanisation is fast accelerating. When it comes to addressing
issues like traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and safety problems, the
two most common ways are weight limitations and time constraints. There is a
need for a thorough investigation of the consequences of these regulatory
initiatives because, in spite of their popularity, there is still a dearth of scholarly
research in this area.
This essay makes a basic assumption: in order to enhance living conditions in
cities, there is often a need for a shared responsibility, meaning that when freight
movement is restricted, city people themselves must shoulder some of the
expense
A Case Study of Bhubaneswar ,Odisha
No full textThis rising demand for energy in urban Settings has spurred interest in the utilization of photovoltaic technology as a viable solution .This study delves in to the intricate relationship between urban block types and Solar Potential ,with a particular focus on the real world Context of Bhubaneswar
Public Perception Towards Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) in Indian Cities
No full textTraditional cities face numerous challenges, prompting a shift towards smart cities that leverage technology and innovation in the advancement of urban areas. Smart mobility, a key part of this transformation, includes Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). AVs are an emerging technology that hold the potential to revolutionize urban space management, improve transportation efficiency and provide safety, societal, and environmental benefits, ultimately transforming user attitudes towards transportation. Generally, people’s perceptions towards certain entities significantly shapes their inclination to adopt them. While the concept of AVs is promising, the immediate societal embrace of this technology remains uncertain. The aim of the thesis is to assess the feasibility of AVs in urban India through the lens of public perception. To achieve this aim, four objectives are outlined. These objectives are: To understand the concept of AVs and urban mobility in India, exploring their potential to enhance overall mobility outcomes; to identify suitable indicators and assess people’s perception on AVs; to analyse the relationship between categorical features & perception indicators of AVs, and to propose contextual modification in indicators to make the operation of AVs feasible in Indian cities. An online survey employing snowball sampling yielded 403 valid responses from 21 cities across India. The survey gathered qualitative data on demographic information, current travel behaviour, perceptions of AVs, and willingness to accept them. A comprehensive demographic analysis is conducted to examine how various factors, including age, gender, socioeconomic background (education and income), and level of urbanization, shape public perception of FAVs. There is notable diversity in the way different socio-demographic groups perceive and plan to adopt them. The dataset has been analysed descriptively, as well as using analytical methods such as correlation and SEM. The study also identifies the potential policy considerations which will translate into actionable insights for policymakers, informing the development of regulatory frameworks, infrastructure improvements, and targeted public awareness campaigns
a Strategeic Approach to Tramways through Heritage Route Mapping ( a case of Kolkata)
No full textWith roots in 1873, Kolkata is home to Asia's only surviving tram system, an iconic form of transportation. The tramway, which will commemorate its 150th anniversary in 2023, is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and secure mode of public transportation and a representation of the city's history. But even with their modest infrastructure and historical value, Kolkata's tramways are in danger of disappearing due to several pressing issues. To protect the sole tramway network on the continent, it is imperative that this essential legacy in transportation be revived. Nowadays, trams are seeing a resurgence all over the world. In the 21st century, 108 new towns introduced trams, mostly because of their pollution-free operation. Kolkata's tramway infrastructure still exists; by modernizing the system, it can be utilized to bring back the service. There are three active routes now, compared to six operational routes with a total track length of 39.37 kilometres prior to the pandemic.
Despite having 37 initial Tram routes, Kolkata has now only 3 operational routes and those routes are also degrading with time. Older infrastructures, less speed, probe to traffic congestions, poor maintenance are some of the primary reasons that citizens in Kolkata are preferring other modes of Public Transport (Buses, Metros, Autos etc.). The daily ridership number has been rapidly decreasing (from 1.6 lakh passengers per day in 2008 to merely 15000 passengers per day, as of 2022).
The 21st century is seeing unparalleled global climate change, necessitating the implementation of environmentally responsible solutions. India's energy sector emits a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. 142 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions are produced each year, of which 123 million tonnes are produced by the transport sector alone. With these considerations in mind, India has committed to decreasing its carbon emissions by one billion tonnes by the year 2030, which will result in a 45% reduction in carbon emissions and the achievement of net-zero emissions by the year 2070. These pledges centre on the necessity of electric mobility, with Kolkata's century-old trams offering a practical choice for public transportation.
Reconnecting Urban Spaces: A Strategic Approach to Tramways through Heritage Route Mapping (A Case of Kolkata)
Department of Transport Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal (MP)-462030 iv
Trams are a more sustainable form of transportation than buses since they can carry more people and require less upkeep and operating. On the negative side, issues hindering the expansion of tramways include traffic jams on the roads, inadequate networks, passenger safety during boarding and alighting, and unsightly overhead wires. A well-designed tramway system will improve Kolkata's urban environment, leisure options, and tourism sector while also encouraging more people to utilize trams.
Other countries in Europe and Australia are concentrating on reviving their Tram network into Modern and convenient Light Rail Transits (LRTs) which offer a sustainable planning approach in transportation. In Kolkata’s context, both heritage and modern and sustainable development is needed for reviving the Tramways.
The thesis seeks to preserve Kolkata's architectural history while reestablishing urban areas with a tram network that is efficient for public transportation. The study aims to determine the cause of tram route closures, assess the current state and issues with the tram routes, and find and suggest solutions to make tramways a vital part of Kolkata's public transportation network while preserving its historical significance. The study's recommendations could serve as a model for creating and reinstating tramways in other Indian cities, however it is only focused on the Kolkata Municipal Corporation area.
The research has been focused to propose a planning framework, by integrating Heritage Route Mapping and developing modern infrastructure for passenger’s convenience. The Heritage Tram routes can be an integral part of the city by providing a chance to experience the City's heritage to the tourists. AHP method has been used to identify suitable Heritage sites and routes for tourism. Besides, the modern infrastructure has been proposed to cater daily passengers along with other modes of transport in the city.
Keywords – Tramways, Urban Spaces, Heritage Route Mapping, LRT, Grey Relational Analysis, RSM, WS
Eco-Cultural Landscape Development to Promote Sustainable Tourism: Madkudweep, Chhattisgarh
No full textMadku Dweep, a 24 hectare island in Chhat t isgarh, is renowned for its ancient
temples and historical and archaeological signif icance. Named af ter a monk, it is
located near the Shivnath river and is 40 km f rom Mungeli. Archaeologists have
excavated 19 temples, with eight facing east and the middle facing west . The
island hosts signif icant cultural events such as the Mahotsav fest ival in February,
Mahashivratri and Hanuman Jayant i fest ivals, and a Christ ian fair. The island is
considered a Shiva area since ancient t imes and is known for pre-historic stone
tools and two stone inscript ions. I t is also known for its religious harmony and the
creat ion of new temples. The island also has an ecological importance, with
evergreen trees of Chiraut (Sirhut) prominent .
The natural features of the land were neglected in favour of building a tent city
during the fair and fest ivals. Soi l erosion, river silt ing, and the direct disposal of
waste on land and in water were among the problems caused by the removal of
trees, the construct ion of concrete plinths, and other earth disturbances.
The project aims to establish a harmonious connect ion between cultural
landscapes and sustainable tourism, emphasizing their role in preserving ecology,
promot ing eco-conscious travel, and promot ing a balanced, inclusive approach
that benef its both tourists and local communit ies.
The goal is to restore Madkudweep’s ecosystem. Act ive engagement and
part icipat ion of local communit ies and strategies for controlled tourism based on
ecology.
The methodology includes the study of geographical set t ing, historical landscape
associat ion of Madkudweep, dai ly associat ions of nearby vil lages, and landscape
associat ions with stakeholders and tourists, while also analysing topography,
slope, soil, vegetat ion, hydrology, land use, and water quality.
I t aims to create an inclusive eco-cultural landscape development framework,
focusing on ident ifying and protect ing ecologically sensit ive zones and developing
sustainable tourism models
Impact of Weather on Mode Choice
No full textThis study investigates the influence of weather on people’s mode choice decision in different weather conditions and different regions using primary survey. The impact of weather on people's mode choice decisions is a dynamic phenomenon that plays a crucial role in shaping transportation preferences and behaviours. This study delves into the complex relationship between weather conditions and the choices individuals make regarding their mode of transportation. As weather exerts a pervasive influence on daily life, understanding its effects on transportation decisions is essential for transportation planners, policymakers, infrastructure developers and researchers.
The research employs a comprehensive approach, examining various weather parameters such as extreme heat, heavy rainfall, wind speed, and fog and their distinct influences on mode choice. Through an extensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, the paper aims to uncover patterns and trends in how weather conditions impact people's preferences for walking, cycling, driving, or using public transportation.
The findings reveal that weather significantly shapes individuals' perceptions of comfort, safety, and convenience associated with different modes of transportation. For instance, extreme weather conditions like heavy rain or extreme temperatures may discourage walking or cycling, prompting individuals to opt for more weather-resistant modes such as cars or public transit. Conversely, pleasant weather conditions often encourage active modes of transportation, contributing to a more sustainable and health-conscious urban lifestyle.
The study also considers variations in different parameters, acknowledging that the impact of weather on mode choice can vary across different regions and demographic groups. Additionally, advancements in technology, such as real-time weather information and transportation apps, are explored as potential mitigating factors that could influence decision-making in response to changing weather conditions.
Impact of Weather on Mode Choice
Department of Transport Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal (MP)-462030 Page vi
Ultimately, this research contributes valuable insights to the fields of urban planning and transportation management, offering an understanding of the intricate interplay between weather and people's mode choice decisions. By unravelling these complexities, policymakers can develop more effective strategies to promote sustainable and weather-resilient transportation systems, fostering a resilient and adaptable urban environment. The findings highlight the importance to incorporate individual and regional unique anticipation and adaptations behaviours within our policy design and infrastructure management.
Keywords: weather changes, travel mode choice, regional and seasonal variability, marginal effects
Rejuvenating the Cultural Landscape to Enhance the Experience of the Ginnorgarh Fort, Madhya Pradesh
No full textCultural landscapes are integral components of a nation's heritage, serving as narratives of
historical epochs. These landscapes encapsulate our cultural and historical essence,
warranting conservation alongside built monuments to authentically preserve and represent
them as evocative relics of the past. This study focuses upon one such important cultural
landscape of historic Ginnorgarh Hill Fort Precinct, located in Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary,
Madhya Pradesh, India. The Ginnorgarh Fort site lacks legal protection, resulting in the
absence of an accountable body responsible for its preservation. Consequently, the historic
site is in a state of severe deterioration.
The cultural landscape of Ginnorgarh Fort underwent evolution from the 12th to the 18th century
CE, amalgamating elements of Hindu and Islamic architectural styles. Situated amidst the
Vindhya hill range within Ratapani Sanctuary, the site encompasses three palatial structures,
ponds, gardens, numerous step wells, ancient temple ruins, idol remnants, and living heritage
exemplified by the Gond tradition. It is an important eco-tourism destination. Like numerous
other historical sites in India, conservation endeavors at Ginnorgarh Fort primarily prioritize
historic structures over cultural landscapes and intangible heritage. My contention is that
broadening the conservation focus from individual buildings to the landscape level would
uphold the historic integrity of the site. This approach would disperse visitor traffic from select
monuments to encompass the expansive cultural landscape, thereby facilitating a more
expansive and authentic visitor experience while offering opportunities for cultural immersion.
Following extensive site analysis and mapping of the present-day layered landscape, the
inherent design intelligence of the past has been deciphered, culminating in the development
of an integrated conservation plan for Ginnorgarh Fort. The plan advocates for heritage walks
traversing the hill fort, lakes, palace gardens, and sacred groves, offering a curated journey
through the cultural landscape with vistas unfolding along the way. This immersive approach
aims to allow visitors to construct a coherent historical narrative, thus reliving the fort's rich
history. Emphasizing community involvement, historic preservation efforts will entail ongoing
maintenance of the site. Furthermore, landscape conservation initiatives are anticipated to
stimulate both domestic and international tourism to Ginnorgarh Fort, potentially serving as a
paradigm for conserving similar hill fort sites nestled within wildlife sanctuaries in Madhya
Pradesh
Landscape Development Plan for Urban Blue Open Space: case of Blue Bird Lake, Hisar
No full textBlue Bird lake in Hisar, Haryana, is a man-made lake constructed on flat Alluvial plain (Bhatia, 1983-84) in 1995, which provides social, environmental, economical benefits and is maintained by the Haryana tourism. This lake serves as a natural habitat to endangered migratory bird wetland habitat. (ebird, n.d.)Hisar city is known as a steel city, which is the 7th populated city in Haryana. The city is rapidly growing (censusindia, 2011) and to provide a sustainable environment in the city many green open spaces are provided, but Blue bird is the only space which serves as a only blue open space for the recreational purpose. But presently lacking public involvement and facing many challenges with respect to ecological balance and having poor site management. Above that, the main source of water is just the groundwater, which is pumped by the tube wells in the different locations of the site, which directly affect the groundwater table (CGWB, 2017) And another issue is not developed areas of site because of which it is not easily accessible, most of the area around the lake is covered with invasive vegetation (Author, 2022) and which affect the optimum usage of the area. This leads to the lack of public interest for the lake. Having a Lake as an open space in an urban area provides a more active and healthier lifestyle for the people, which is a great investment for the locals. (WHO, 2021).
The method of redeveloping the blue space can be achieved by understanding the factors which are affecting the engagement of people with the space. By focusing on few ground up studies like Behaviour analysis, interview, understanding the similar case studies, that which factors are missing and need to focus on and activity mapping of the site. Having a waterfront in the landlocked site is an opportunity to have a different kind of experience.
This study helps in understanding the space, managing the lake and its surrounding environment and making people who are living in urban areas close to nature. From the result of the study, it examines that development of the urban blue space should be incorporated in such a manner that fulfil the needs and provide a surprising element which is missing in the green open spaces of the city
a Case of Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
No full textIn India, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are crucial to ensuring the delivery of basic services to the citizens. However, their limited revenue base frequently imposes limitations on their capacity to carry out responsibilities. ULBs have historically been underfunded and lack fiscal autonomy, relying heavily on central and state government transfers known as intergovernmental transfers. Currently, there has been a lack of study to examine the impact of intergovernmental transfers on the fiscal health of ULBs in India, so this is an attempt to explore this study gap. Owing to India's reforms on fiscal federalism, accompanied by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA), grants under the Central Finance Commission (CFC) and State Finance Commission (SFC) led to the enhancement of municipal finances. The financial situation of municipal governments in the country has improved although at varying scales across the municipalities due to the intergovernmental transfers and various other reforms. After the abolition of the Octroi which was one of the major sources of own revenue for all ULBs, the state government’s compensation for the Octroi as an assigned revenue to the ULBs also improved the fiscal health of ULBs. Intergovernmental transfers from the state and central government under various schemes have impacted positively on the fiscal health of ULBs to a certain extent. This research shall assess the revenue sources and expenditure flow for service delivery of the municipalities, while identifying obstacles to their financial autonomy, including grant dependency, regulatory limitations, and institutional difficulties. It assessed the fiscal health of the ULB and the impact of intergovernmental transfers on the fiscal health of the ULB by analyzing the trends in capital expenditure for different services provided by the ULB. This study proposes evidence-based interventions toward the fiscal strengthening of municipalities to exploit the input of intergovernmental transfers by providing a methodology to asses its impact on the fiscal health of any ULB.
Key Words: 74th CAA, CFC, SFC,, , State Government Grants, Central Government Grant