Dspace, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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Challenges of distance learning during Covid-19 and statistics from a socio-demographic perspective
No full text1. Kharadze, N., Giorgobiani, M., Melkoshvili, T., Dzebisauri, L., Pirtskhalaishvili, D., (2021). Effective Strategies to Manage
Teacher Intellectual Work Productivity in Distance Learning. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research
(Vol. 8 No. 4 (2021), 653-665. https://www.ieeca.org/journal/index.php/JEECAR/article/view/840/357
2. Hanushek, E.A., & Ettema, E. (2017). Defining Productivity in Education: Issues and Illustrations. The American Economist, 62(2), 165-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0569434516688207
3. Husch Blackwell. (2021). Georgia: State-byState COVID-19 Guidance. https://www.huschblackwell.com/georgiastate-bystate-covid-19-guidance
4. Garda World. (2020). Georgia: Authorities introduce further COVID-19 restrictions November 3.
https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/396076/georgia-authorities-introduce-further-covid-19-restrictionsnovember-3-update-19
5. Maghlaperidze, E., Kharadze, N., & Kuspliak, H. (2021). Development of Remote Jobs as a Factor to Increase Labor
Efficiency. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 8(3), 337-348. https://doi.org/-
10.15549/jeecar.v8i3.669
6. National Statistics Office of Georgia. (2021). https://www.geostat.ge/en OECD. (2019a). The education system in Georgia.
https://www.oecdilibrary.org/sites/bbc437aeen/index.html?itemId=/content/component/ bbc437ae-en
7. OECD. (2019a). The education system in Georgia. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/bbc437aeen/index.html?itemId=/content/component/bbc437ae-en
8. OECD. (2019b). TALIS 2018 Results (Volume I): Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners. Paris: TALIS, OECD
Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/23129638
9. Owens, S. (2021). State of Education Funding (2021). Georgia Budget & Policy Institute https://gbpi.org/state-education2021/
10. Trading Economics. (2021). Georgia - GINI Index. https://tradingeconomics.com/georgia/giniindex-wb-data.html
11. UNESCO-UIS. (2021). http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx
12. Vasiljeva, M., Neskorodieva, I., Ponkratov, V., Kuznetsov, N., Ivlev, V., Ivleva, M., Maramygin, M., & Zekiy, A. A. (2020).
Predictive Model for Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Economies of Some Eastern European
Countries. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., 6, 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030092In 2020, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, certain restrictions were introduced in Georgia, which significantly affected the learning process, and distance learning (DL) was introduced throughout the country. This has created significant problems for both students and teachers. Students from low-income families living in high mountain regions and teachers who do not have the skills to use information technology found themselves in a
difficult situation. The aim of this article is not to find the ways of solving problems of DL but to show the statistical trend of difficulties from socio-economic perspective.
Based on expert assessment methods, three large universities in Georgia were analyzed using the method of integral assessment. Challenges of DL were observed taking into account teachers' qualifications, age categories, gender and other social and demographic parameter
Methodological and Terminological Problems In Grammatical Literature (History and Contemporaneity: 1928-2022)
No full textThis article critically examines the logical and semantic terminology elaborated by Dionysios Thrax in his Grammar that was established in the traditional Georgian grammar textbooks for schools. This article also discusses the main principles of qualifying grammatical issues. To be more precise, while qualifying the grammatical events the fields of logic and grammar should be separated from each other: grammatical categories should be defined on the basis of the morpho-syntactic analysis resulting in (will be determined) the rule of semantic marking in morphology; also, it will be found out whether different universal semantic categories are marked grammatically (morphologically) in a specific language
Iran in the Novel by Shekoofeh Azar – “The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree”
No full textეძღვნება პროფ. გოჩა ჯაფარიძის ხსოვნას (1942 – 2020)/ Dedicated to Memory of Prof. Gocha Japaridze (1942 – 2020)Shokoofeh Azar is an Iranian writer, residing in Australia. She is the author of the
novel “The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree”, English translation of which was
shortlisted at the International Booker Prize for Fiction in 2020. The competition jury
wrote about the novel: “The novel “The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree” by Iranian-
Australian writer Shokoofeh Azar is deeply impressive novel, which was translated
from Persian into English. The storyline concerns Iran, the narrator is a spirit of
thirteen-year-old girl Bahar, who tells us about the hard times of the life of the family
and society since 1979 Islamic revolution. The novel is written in style of magical
realism. She mixes the narrative manner characteristic for the classic Persian fiction to
the Latin magical realism writing techniques, which merges with the Iranian folk ideas,
fairy tales and myths. She tells us about the political regime, which is responsible for
ruining many lives.”
The writer herself gives the novel such definition: “The message of the „The Enlightenment
of the Greengage Tree” is how the culture, art, hope and dream of the Iranian
man can survive in the conditions of the political-religious stupidity and tongs… The
novel is entirely the critic of the Islamic Revolution and Islam itself, for some extent.”
Until now, the translator of the novel is still anonymous for his/her own safety, as
the author of the book is banned by censor in Iran. Nevertheless, the copies of the novel
illegally transported to Iran, are legally sold inside the country.
As we have already mentioned, Shokoofeh Azar has created this novel on the
principles of magical realism. This important artistic method of the contemporary world
literature, yet more in the Persian literature and in women literature in particular is
extremely popular. Perhaps, because of its mythopoetic nature, and on the other hand -
the special place of symbolism in it, the writer explains this issue in this way: „I wanted
to cover the socio-political cruelty issues via magical realism and, simultaneously,
expose the Iranian (non-Islamic) culture aesthetics and its beauty”.
The mainline of the novel is represented by the real events and current political
situation, in particular, Islamic revolution and the severity and absurdity of the further
period. And, the second level of the novel, and indeed the more important layer of the
novel, is an illustration of the writer's main point: the beauty of the eternal values;
capacity of the ethno cultural values – unlike transient human fuss and stupidity.
The ironic debates on the „immensity” of the Islamic Revolution, “people’s desire”
is worth notable.
Officially, in the elections, 98% of the population supported Khomeini. In the
village, where the action of the novel takes place and even in that region, neither the
name of Khomeini, nor the Iran-Iraqi war and the Revolution is being heard.
When the countryman Hosseini comes to his village in order to involve the
villagers in war and briefly talks about revolution, Iran-Iraqi war, the terrible actions of
the Americans and the heroism of the Iranian warriors, the villagers listen to him
unwindingly and only the elderly man asks him: „But, where is Iraq? Who is America?”
Revolution and its following period is represented in the novel with its severe
diversity. Detaining, torture, death penalty; searching, property confiscation, burning of
books are against the backdrop of the whole text.
Another worth-noting issue, which appears in various angles across the novel is a
woman issue. The writer, apart from the realistic, earthborn images, in the way of
mythologization of the scene, creates the mythopoetic characters with a style of magical
realism, with whom override of the feminine origins are becoming more vivid and
impressive, and the cruelty of the Revolution - dark and unacceptable. In the novel, we meet real characters, with their everydayness. These women live
in the realistic hoop of the novel and patently show the reader their cheerless, monotonous
and bordered existence.
Completely deprived of their rights, the voiceless servants of their husbands,
although they are against Bita’s torture by their husbands, obediently return home,
where they have to get the dinner ready, help their children with their homework.
Overall, women’s everydayness – “women errands” wait for them. External affairs,
even it is violence on a woman, does not concern them. “It is man’s business”, - that’s
what they were told by their husbands and they have accepted.
Apart from woman, Shokoofeh Azar represents generally the role of the human
and its definition issue in the society.
In the episodes of Bita’s torture and murder, a whole spectrum of people of
different attitudes and worldviews is shown; But despite this apparent difference, the
result of their actions is the same. Among so many people, no one was found who
would effectively raise up against the so-called cruelty of society. Some were hampered
by the laziness, some – by the skills, assessing realistically the events, knowing that
he/she was unable to change anything; some of them – by the fear of losing his/her career
growth; some – by the close relations and relative connections with the murderers.
In the episode, which represents perfect psychologic portrait of the so-called
society, it is obvious that the writer characterizes not only the current Iranian situation
and injustice of the Islamic regime. It is her protest against the human nature, which
produces numerous unjustified actions and severity. As long as people are only
obsessed with ensuring their own well-being, as long as the other person is "other" and
"alien" for them, for whom it is not worth bothering, injustice and cruelty in this world
will exist, and where, in which country exactly will this cruelty rise - in Iran or
elsewhere, nobody knows; and person cannot determine when it will spread its wings. It
is difficult for a human to live in such an unstable and cruel world
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the preparation of financial statements (COVID-19 პანდემიის გავლენა ფინანსური ანგარიშგების მომზადებაზე)
No full text1. Accounting Standards Committee & Auditing Standards Committee. Technical Circular [Report]. - 2021.
2. IASB https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/515 [Online] // https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/515. - January 3, 2022.
3. IASB https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/517 [Online] // https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/517. - January 2, 2022.
4. IASB https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/523 [Online] // https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/523. - saras.gov.ge.
5. KPMG COVID-19 [Online] // COVID-19. - KPMG. - January 4, 2022.
6. Leo van der Tas ey.com [Online] // https://www.ey.com/en_gl/assurance/five-financial-reporting-issues-to-consider-as-aconsequence-of-covid-19. - Janury 15, 2022. - January 15, 2022
7. Levan Sabauri Impacts of COVID-19 on the Financial Reporting and Audit [Journal] // Economics and Business. - Tbilisi :
Tbilisi State University, 2021. - Vol. 2.
8. Oliver Köster https://www2.deloitte.com/ch/en/pages/audit/articles/financial-reporting-survey-q1-2020.html [Online] //
How COVID-19 infects financial reporting and results presentations. - 2020. - January 15, 2022.
9. Thornton Grant https://www.fbk.ru/upload/presscenter/FBK%20Grant%20Thornton_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20COVID_17.1
2.2020.pdf [Online] // https://www.fbk.ru/upload/presscenter/FBK%20Grant%20Thornton_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20COVID_17.1
2.2020.pdf. - Grant Thornton.1. The unpredictability of the pandemic impact generates fundamental uncertainties. It casts doubt on the
ongoing operation of the enterprises. If the functionality assumptions are made during the financial reporting,
the enterprise is obliged to declare all the uncertainty factors. Applied reasonings, conclusions, and
compulsory volume for the information declaration are dependent on the specific situation, as its nature and
impact level on the enterprise, differ in every single case.
2. The limited paying capacity of the customers impacts the contractual relationships. In many cases, it becomes
necessary to amend the contracts – modify the contract costings. It is of utmost consideration to assess the
payment probability while amending the contract under uncertainty. It should be discussed as the changing
component of the payment.
3. In IFRS 16, the changes caused by pandemics, are important for the lessee’s. The board considers the
registration of the tenancy modification to be an easy task, accordingly, these changes do not include the
lessees. They should assess, as usual, if the rental exemption is actually a contract amendment, and process it
accordingly
EPISTLE IN GEORGIAN HAGIOGRAPHY (IOVANE SABANISDZE, “MARTYRDOM OF ST. KONSTANTI KAKHI”, GIORGI MERCHULE)
No full texthttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/177-shromebi-18.htmlGeorgian hagiography uses the epistolary style in pursuit of its purpose, in particular, not only in the literal sense, in the communication of the characters of the works, but also in their worldview, literary-aesthetic views, which reflected the spirit of the epoch, public condition and requirements. According to the previous researches it was found that their archetype was the epistolary portion of the New Testament, the seven Catholic epistles, and the fourteen epistles of Paul. Hagiographers regarded them as models for their epistles, and they likewise conveyed their main message to the reader. However, the difference between the epistolary inheritance of the New Perception and the Epistles of Hagiography is also evident. The main purpose of the epistles of the apostles was to preach Christian doctrines, and the meaning and value of the epistles included in the Georgian hagiographic works differ from them: they mainly represent the ideological-worldview and literary-aesthetic nature and theological meaning of the hagiographers. Correspondence of Samoel Kartli Catholicos and Iovane Sabanisdze. A study of the value and significance of the epistles included in the Hagiographic writings of Queen Theodora's Epistle to Constantine Kakhi The Martyrdom of Konstantine Kakhi revealed that they are mainly embedded in hagiographic writings and have an important compositional mission, sometimes the epistle to independent writings. As a result of the observation, two groups of epistles preserved in the Georgian language were revealed: 1. Epistolary heritage of Georgian clergymen and hagiographers, 2. Epistles of characters of works of this genre included in hagiographic works. Each of the epistles discussed has its own individual form and, consequently, their purpose, theological-literary purpose is also different
Georgia and EU integration: challenges (საქართველოს ევროკავშირში ინტეგრაციის გამოწვევები)
No full text1. საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია (1995) https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/ view/30346? Publication = 36
2. სამთავრობო პროგრამა 2021 − 2024 „ევროპული სახელმწიფოს მშენებლობისთვის“, 20 თებერვალი, 2021 წელი,
https://www.gov.ge/files/68_78941_292978_govprogramme.pdf
3. В.В.Путин (2005) Послание Федеральному Собранию Российской Федерации. 25 აპრილი.
4. http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/22931 (ბოლო ნახვა 31.01.2022)
5. Проэкт (2021) Договор между Российской Федерацией и Соединенными Штатами Америки о гарантиях
безопасности. 15 დეკემბერი. https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/rso/nato/1790818/(ბოლო ნახვა 31.01.2022)
6. Проэкт (2021) Соглашение о мерах обеспечения безопасности Российской Федерацией и Государств – Членов
Североатлантического Договораю15 декабря. 15 დეკემბერი. https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/rso/nato/1790803/ (ბოლო
ნახვა 31.01.2022)
7. ჯიბუტი მ.(2021) საქართველოს ეკონომიკა: 30 წლიანი ტრანსფორმაციის გაგებისათვის ||„ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი“,
№4.
8. ჯიბუტი მ.(1996) საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის სოციალურ - ეკონომიკური განვითარების პირველი ინდიკატიური
გეგმის მეთოდოლოგიური საფუძვლები|| „ეკონომიკა“, №6.Euro-Atlantic integration is the strategic goal set by the Constitution of Georgia (Article 78). Based on the
Government program of Georgia for 2021-2024, the country will start the related procedures in 2024 by applying for
the EU membership. However, Georgia has not yet developed the strategy, the so called “white book” with the action
plan and Gantt chart as well as conducive and unfavorable factors. Knowing these factors is very important. The
reasons preventing Georgia from becoming a competitive, effective market economy system meeting the EU criteria
have been identified and described. However, we would like to point out the following two key reasons: (1) a 30-year
state of war of Georgia with Russia (occupied territories and internally displaced people) along with interminable
process of “desovetization” and (2) transformation-related problems due to which a 30-year economic and social crisis
could not have been solved. In the year previous to COVID-19 pandemic, Georgia’s GDP amounted to 82.5% of that of
1988. However, all problems stem from the Soviet historic heritage. The strategic goal is to join the European Union
that means achieving a certain level of social and economic development and not just striving and moving towards the
EU. Movement is not everything in this case. Development of a competitive economic system that would provide the
population of Georgia with the European level and quality of life in an expeditious manner is the main goal despite the
fact whether Georgia joins the EU or not. The first milestone on the way to the EU is the end of “desovetization” and
transformation from a “wild” to a “democratic” capitalism. The author offers the explanation of how the Soviet and
market systems manage to coexist taking into consideration that transitional economy is the state of economy where
the Soviet and market economic systems coexist in a single time and space dimension since they have contradictory
traits and mechanisms of functioning. Soviet economic system was artificially developed as an antipode of a capitalistic
one and its substitute, and that’s why it depended on subjective governing factors. Their diffusion, intertwinement of
their elements is not possible. What is the deal for them to make the economy function at some level? How could it
happen that the system developed artificially still exists? Presence of elements of the Soviet economy is based on the
bureaucratic system imposing the monopoly on national resources nationalized during the Soviet period and on their
disposal, still existing as result of slow process of desovetization being in the interests of the actors of “wild
capitalism”. As a result, bureaucrats and new capitalists got united having a common interest of hampering the process of transformation. Conservation of the elements of Soviet governing system caused the erosion of bureaucracy,
“resovetization” in the form of a single-party-governance, and diminished competitiveness in political life. The cause of
the failure is unreasonable and inflated procrastination of the process of desovetization and absence of reforms and
the unified strategy for the development of the country. The author believes that the way out is speeding up the
process of desovetization, reinstatement of an indicative/strategic planning system and improvement of the governing
system by the development of qualitative human resources and political elite. The precondition for the development of
political elite is the creation of legal and institutional basis for state political appointees through the introduction of
scientific qualification
სიტყვის მაგიური ძალა: ზოგი საინტერესო ფაქტი ფრაზეოლოგიისა და ფსიქოსომატიკის ურთიერთმიმართებასთან დაკავშირებით. THE MAGIC POWER OF WORDS: CERTAIN INTERESTING FACTS REGARDING THE RELATION BETWEEN PHRASEOLOGY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS
No full textIt is well known that every language abounds in phraseological
units with somatic components. These are untranslatable expressions
containing the names of various parts of the human body as
well as the elements of the respiratory, neural and gastro-intestinal
systems.
The paper aims to study the phraseological units with somatic
components in English and Georgian languages. Numerous linguists
have dealt with the study of such units in both languages
under analysis. However, the novelty of the given paper is that it
approaches the above-mentioned units with regard to their psychological
impact, which, in the long run, either affects or benefits the
human health system. Therefore, based on the works of neuroscientists
and psychologists, the paper outlines the positive and negative
impacts of phraseological units with somatic components on human
health. Numerous research works and experiments have proved that
some of the phraseological units under analysis (the ones with the
negative semantic content) are harmful to our health, whereas others
(the ones with positive semantic content) are safe, and, what is
more, have a certain healing power. The paper discusses both types
of phraseological units and their impact on human health. All the
English empirical material is taken from numerous printed and electronic
dictionaries of idioms. As for the Georgian material, it is taken
from printed and online dictionaries as well as live colloquial
speech.
The English and Georgian idioms related to parts of the human
body and analyzed in the given paper are as follows: head, eyes,
ears, heart, throat, foot, hand. Based on the analysis of ample empirical
data, the paper proves that in our everyday speech we should try to avoid using phraseological units with negative meaning and try
to replace them with positive ones
REGARDING THE ISSUES OF NURTURE AND FAITH IN THE WORKS OF ILIA CHAVCHAVADZE
No full textივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაIn the 1860s, Ilia Chavchavadze and other Georgians of the era felt the
need to reform the life in the Georgian reality. On the way towards this goal
the problems of proper nurture and education received special attention,
since it is essential for progress that the society develops as new methods
of nurture are implemented. These issues take an imperative part in the
literary legacy of Ilia Chavchavadze as well, in his fictional, as well as in
his theoretical works. In these works the issues of nurture, education, and
the general problem regarding the formation of personality are discussed
in different aspects. One of the aspects of discussion is the role of faith in
the issue of personality formation, which is discussed in his letters on the
basis of his early works – “Glakhis Naambobi [Memories of a Peasant]” and
a poem of a programmatic nature “Kartlis Deda [Mother of Kartli].”
The basis of Ilia Chavchavadze’s creative works is Christian ethics.
However, for Ilia Chavchavadze this is not a simple collection of ethical
norms, this is a vivid way of life, a form for the relationship of people with
the universe, created by faith. Such attitude from the writer is further proven
on the basis of the analysis if the works mentioned above.
Ilia Chavchavadze saw the topic of nature and nurture to be of essential
importance even in the early drafts of “Glakhis Naambobi [Memories
of a Peasant].” However, he completely changed the form of expression for
these issues in fiction and brought in a memorable character of a priest in
the role of an ideal teacher, the method of which is the practical representation
of his views expressed in his theoretical work “Pedagogiis Sapudzvlebshi
[In the basis of Pedagogy].” This is a moral upbringing based on
teachings of faith which, in turn, serves as the basis for the formation of
Gabriel’s personality.
The striking nature of the character of the priest in “Glakhis Naambobi
[Memories of a Peasant]” is a result of his vivid faith, which empowers this
character to become a living example of morality for the surrounding people
through his lifestyle. The great writer wishes to underline the statement
that faith is an essential component of upbringing, and without faith it is
impossible to form a personality.
Regarding the issues of nurture and education, Ilia Chavchavadze’s
poem of programmatic nature “Kartlis Deda [Mother of Kartli]” is also important,
as it embodies the entire ethos of 1860s great thinkers. The mention of the “Commandment of Christ” that the author regards as the source
of spiritual strength and the basis of nurture, according to Ilia Chavchavadze,
is the vivid faith that empowers a person to lead a moral life, as
opposed to a simple ethical doctrine.
When analyzing the issues regarding the future of the country, Ilia
Chavchavadze regarded elevating the spirit through the teachings of Christ
as the imperative component in the upbringing of patriotic youth. He believed
that only those that are guided by true, vivid faith can leave a trail
of light with their lives
ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაცია და ფსიქოთერაპიული ეფექტის მნიშვნელობა
No full textნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაცია გამოყენებითი ნეიროფსიქოლოგიის დარგია და მიმართულია თავის ტვინს დაზიანების მქონე პირების დარღვეული უმაღლესი ფსიქიკური ფუნქციების აღდგენაზე. ეს პროცესი მით უფრო ეფექტურია, რაც უფრო აქტიურად არის ჩართული მასში დაზიანებული თავის ტვინის მქონე პიროვნება. ისტორიულად, ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაციის ძირითადი პრინციპები ეფუძნებოდა დაზიანებული ფსიქიკური ფუნქციის გავარჯიშებას მისი აღდგენის მიზნით (Wilson, 2015). რეაბილიტაციის პრაქტიკამ ცხადყო, რომ დარღვეული ფუნქციის პირდაპირი გავარჯიშება ნაკლებეფექტური იყო, რადგან პაციენტის მხრიდან ხშირია ძლიერი ნეგატივიზმი, რეზისტენტობა და თანამშრომლობაზე უარის თქმა. კ. გოლდშტეინმა (Goldstein,1949) პირველმა მიაქცია ყურადღება იმ ფაქტს, რომ თავის ტვინის დაზიანების შედეგად აღმოცენებული ფსიქიკური ფუნქციების დარღვევა მიმდინარეობს სტრესზე მთლიანორგანიზმული პასუხის ფონზე. შესაბამისად, ასეთ პაციენტებს ძლიერ სტრესზე პასუხის პიროვნული მდგომარეობა აქვთ, რაც კიდევ უფრო ართულებს მათ სარეაბილიტაციო პროცესში ჩართვას. ა. ლურიამ (Luria, 1973) ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაციის პრაქტიკის და ა. ვიგოტსკის იდეების საფუძველზე შექმნა ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაციის მოდელი, რომლის ფუძემდებლური პრინციპი იყო არა დაზიანებული ფსიქიკური ფუნქციის გავარჯიშება, არამედ შენახული ფსიქიკური ფუნქციების ხარჯზე დარღვეული ფუნქციის ახალი შიდა სისტემური და სისტემათაშორისი რეორგანიზაცია. ჯ. პრიგატანო (1999) ასევე დიდ ყურადღებას აქცევდა პაციენტის პიროვნების როლს ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაციის პროცესში, მისი მდგომარეობის თვით-გაცნობიერების პროცესს, რაც ხელს უწყობდა პაციენტის მაქსიმალურ ჩართულობას სარეაბილიტაციო პროცესში, მისი ემოციური სფეროს მოწესრიგებას. თავის ტვინის ტრავმატული დაზიანების მქონე პაციენტისადმი ჰოლისტური რეაბილიტაციის მოდელი ჩამოაყალიბა ი. ბენ-იშაიმ (Ben-Yishay, Diller, 2011), რომლის ამოსავალი დებულება იყო პაციენტის მთლიანპიროვნული და ემოციური მდგომარეობის გათვალისწინება ტრავმის შემდეგ და მისი ე.წ. კატასტროფული რეაქციის შემცირება ქალა-ტვინის ტრავმის შედეგებზე.
საქართველოში ჩვენ მიერ დანერგილი ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაციის მოდელი ნეიროფსიქოთერაპიულია და ეფუძნება რამდენიმე პრინციპს: 1) რეაბილიტაცია მიმართულია არა დაზიანებულ ფუნქციაზე, არამედ დაზიანებული თავის ტვინის მქონე პიროვნებაზე, რომელიც ძლიერ სტრესზე რეაგირებს გლოვით, უარყოფით და მხოლოდ ამ სტადიების გავლის შემდეგ არის მზად დახმარების საძიებლად და მისაღებად. 2) ნეიროფსიქოლოგიური რეაბილიტაციის პირველი ეტაპი ფსიქოთერაპიაა, რადგან მიმართულია პიროვნების მხარდაჭერაზე მის გლოვაში, უარყოფისა და ნეგატივიზმის შემცირებაში 3) დაზიანებული თავის ტვინის მქონე პიროვნების ემოციური დამოკიდებულების გაგება და გათვალისწინება საკუთარი თავისა და დარღვევებისადმი, მისი მომზადება დახმარების მისაღებად. 4) დარღვეული უმაღლესი ფსიქიკური ფუნქციების აღდგენისას გათვალისწინებულია პიროვნების პრემორბიდის თავისებურებები, ინტერესები. 5) აღდგენის ციკლი მოიცავს უმაღლესი ფსიქიკური ფუნქციის კომპონენტების შიდასისტემურ და სისტემათაშორის რეორგანიზაციას შენახული ფსიქიკური ფუნქციების ხარჯზე.
ნეიროფსიქოთერაპიული მოდელის ეფექტურობა დადასტურებულია ემპირიულად პოსტინსულტურ და პოსტტრავმატულ პაციენტებთან
Challenges of China's economic development in terms of globalization (ჩინეთის ეკონომიკური განვითარების გამოწვევები გლობალიზაციის პირობებში)
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PRZYRODNICZO-HUMANISTYCZNEGO w SIEDLCACH Seria: AdministracjaiZarządzanie, Poland.
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პოლიტიკა. მეათე გამოცემა. ქართული გამოცემის სამეცნიერო და მთავარი რედაქტორი
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13. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htmThe present paper discusses the current issues of China's economic development, China's achievements
since the launch of economic reforms, economic growth prospects of the country and its role in terms of
economic globalization. China has been one of the outstanding countries in terms of economic growth during
the recent decades.
China is one of the important centers of the global economy. Its role can be beneficial to the whole world
economy and the growth of trade. In recent decades, China has become the main drive to the economic
growth globally. China's rapid growth is due to the country's accession to the World Trade Organization, trade
liberalization, and the growth of investment in the domestic economy.
Currently, China is the world's number one exporting country, the country with the largest foreign
exchange reserves; it is the second largest economy and has the highest positive trade balance. Before the
launch of economic reforms and significant trade liberalization, the country was less integrated into the global
economy. After the country was open for foreign trade and foreign investment and the implementing of
economic reforms, China has become one of the fastest growing economies around the world. Economic
growth and increased exports made it possible to lift thousands of people out of poverty in the country.
Since 1980s, China has experienced high economic growth and its share in global trade has significantly
increased. However, China's economic growth has been slowing down recently. The paper provides the
overview of the historical aspects of China’s economic development. On the other hand, China's role in the
world economy is important and can influence global growth.
China's growing global economic influence and successful economic and trade policies have a significant
impact on the economies of both developed (US, EU, etc.) and developing countries around the world.
In 1979, China's GNP per capita (at current prices) did not exceed 12,556. In 2020, the total import and export of goods in China exceeded $4.5 trillion. China is the number one
exporter and the second largest importer of goods, accounting for 14.7% of world exports of goods and 11.54%
of imports. China has become the world's largest economy (by purchasing power parity).
Consequently, China's role in the world economy is growing. Based on the above, China's share in the
world economy and trade will increase significantly. China can play an even more important role in global
economic growth