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APPOINTMENT (ELECTION) OF JUDGES IN THE SUPREME COURT
Get PDFკვლევა ემყარება საერთაშორისო გამოცდილებას და მიმოიხილავს საერთაშორისო სამართლის სტანდარტებს, ორგანიზაციების მიერ გამოქვეყნებულ დოკუმენტებზე დაყრდნობით. ეს დოკუმენტები განსაზღვრავს ძირითად პრინციპებს, რომლებსაც უნდა ეფუძნებოდეს ყველა ქვეყანა უზენაესი სასამართლოს სისტემის ჩამოყალიბებისას.
სტატიაში გაანალიზებულია საქართველოში არსებული მდგომარეობა და იდენტიფიცირებულია შესაბამისი გამოწვევები. ამ მიზნით, შესწავლილია რეკომენდაციები, რომლებიც საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაციებმა რეფორმის სხვადასხვა ეტაპზე გასცეს საქართველოსთვის. სრული სურათის წარმოსაჩენად, ნაშრომი აღწერს უზენაეს სასამართლოში მოსამართლეთა დანიშვნის რეფორმას და ისტორიულ ექსკურსს, რომელიც გაანალიზდა საერთაშორისო სტანდარტთა შესაბამისად. კვლევაში განსაზღვრულია ის სამომავლო ნაბიჯებიც, რომლებიც უნდა გადაიდგას გამოვლენილი ხარვეზების აღმოსაფხვრელად.
ნაშრომის დასკვნითი ნაწილი მოიცავს მიგნებებს და რეკომენდაციებს, თუ რა გზებით შეიძლება საერთაშორისო სტანდარტთა სრულად დანერგვა.
The study is based on international experience and reviews international standards in light of the documents published by organizations. These documents set out the basic principles all countries should be based on when establishing the Supreme Court system. The article analyzes the current situation in Georgia and identifies relevant challenges. All the recommendations issued by international organizations and various stages of the Judiciary reform have been studied. The research describes the reform of the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court and the historical excursion that has been analyzed in accordance with international standards.
The study also identifies the future steps that need to be taken to eliminate the identified deficiencies and loopholes. The conclusion includes findings and recommendations on the implementation of the international standards
KEY CONCEPTS OF CULTURE AS A SOURCE OF ETHNOLINGUISTIC AWARENESS
Get PDFThe concept is considered a unit of mental reflection of
consciousness, which together with other concepts creates a special
field – conceptosphere, the units of which are connected with each other
by systematic relations. The concepts included in the conceptosphere
have different values, which are determined by their role in public
consciousness. Particularly important features are referred to as “key
concepts of culture”. They play an important role in public life, and
their knowledge is considered one of the prerequisites for cultural
identification. Understanding the concept as a mental formation gives us the
opportunity not only to reconstruct the mental world of the bearer of the
conceptual system, his psyche, but also to determine his ethnomental
characteristics. Interpreting a fragment of the world in a conceptual
system is, first of all, a construction of information about a certain part
of the “picture of the world”.
Determining the relationship between ideographically organized
linguistic units and the conceptual system allows us to consider the
verbal ideographic organization as a representation of a conceptual
model that includes knowledge and “value” experience accumulated by
the said society. At the same time, the conceptual model leaves room
for further possibilities.
The report will discuss the concepts of death and life in Georgian
and Russian ethnolinguistic consciousness. “Life” and “death” belong to
the group that represents the universal basic complex. Attitude towards
life is formed in the process of historical development of the nation
and is expressed in the features of its culture, political, economic and
social life. The history and culture of the nation should influence the
perception of the world, the attitude towards these circumstances.
On the other hand, the type of attitude towards life largely
determines the behavior (including language) of a nation representing
a particular language. Therefore, the verbal realization of the concept,
its expressive side and the connotative field, can be absolutely identical
in different languages.
Despite individual differences in general theoretical issues, all
mentioned directions are united by a common anthropocentric vision.
Man, as a linguistic person, is not a set concept. He is the bearer of a
specific culture, a representative of a specific society, which determines
his ethnolinguistic status.
The organizing schema of the conceptual sphere of life and death
in both studied cultures is the presence/absence schema, around which
the whole complex of dependent microschemas is united
Environmental economics in the agenda of Georgia’s sustainable development and association agreement with the European Union (გარემოსდაცვითი ეკონომიკა საქართველოს მდგრადი განვითარების და ევროკავშირთან ასოცირების დღის წესრიგში)
No full text1. EEA. (2020, November 5). COVID-19 measures have mixed impacts on the environment. Retrieved
December 27, 2021, from https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/impact-of-covid-19-lockdown
2. Huizen, J. (2021, April 22). How COVID-19 has changed the face of the natural world. Medicalnewstoday.
Retrieved December 27, 2021, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-covid-19-haschanged-
the-face-of-the-natural-world
3. IFC, MIGA, WB. (2010). Regulatory Governance in Developing Countries. International Finance
Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, World Bank. Retrieved December 27, 2021,
from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/27881
4. OECD. (2021, May 31). The long-term environmental implications of COVID-19. Retrieved December 27,
2021, from https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/the-long-term-environmentalimplications-
of-covid-19-4b7a9937/
5. Ortiz-Ospina, E., & Roser, M. (2016). Government Spending. Our World in Data. Retrieved December 27,
2021, from https://ourworldindata.org/government-spending#endnotes
6. Renda, A. (2011). Law and Economics in the RIA World. Erasmus University Rotterdam , Intersentia,
Mortsel (Belgie). Retrieved December 27, 2021, from hdl.handle.net/1765/22920
7. Rume, T., & Islamb, S. D.-U. (2020, September 17). Environmental effects of COVID-19 pandemic and
potential strategies of sustainability. US National Library of Medicine / National Institutes of Health.
Retrieved December 27, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498239/
8. Weigel, W. (2000). Why “Regulatory Impact Analysis” and not “Economic Analysis of Law”? Reflections on
recent OECD Policy. University of Vienna, Department of Economics. Retrieved December 27, 2021, from
https://homepage.univie.ac.at/wolfgang.weigel/Lehre/Downloads/EAL_versus_RIA.pdf
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
https://www.geostat.ge/ka
https://www.matsne.gov.ge/
https://mepa.gov.ge/
https://www.mof.ge/
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/
https://parliament.ge/
https://sdg.gov.ge/main
https://sdgs.un.org/goals
https://www.unep.org/
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/index.cshtmlThe importance of environmental economics has grown especially in parallel with the world's sustainable
development agenda. The importance of environmental economics in Georgia is increasing in accordance with
the international agenda, within which the country has set goals and, accordingly, aims to strive for sustainable
development. International experience shows that it is important to introduce green economy principles in
three main directions: integration of environmental issues into policy documents and state priorities;
development of economic instruments (financing mechanisms, business models) in accordance with the green
economy; awareness raising (trainings, institutional strengthening). The article discusses the agenda issues of
environmental economy at the international and national level for Georgia. In a separate chapter, the main
environmental impacts of the pandemic in the world and in Georgia are discussed, which have put the issues of
sustainable development in front of significant challenges. Finally, recommendations are given, the
consideration of which will be important for the scientific and practical development of the environmental
economics in Georgia
ETERNAL CHARACTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPARATIVE THEMATOLOGY
Get PDFივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაComparative literary studies are a highly diverse phenomenon in which
comparativist thematology occupies a prominent place. Comparative thematology
determines the artistic-aesthetic or historical-philosophical aspects
of thematic material, presents thematic invariants, studies the evolution
of certain ideological complexes or archetypal types, and analyses the
peculiarities of myths, topics, and themes “wandering” in space and time
and presents their variations according to epochs or literary and cultural
spaces, etc.
In modern literature, traditional structures are referred to by various
terms: “traditional stories and characters”, “wandering”, “world”, “international”
plots, “eternal types” and many more. These terms are successfully used not only in literary criticism but also in art history and the history of
culture.
The eternal characters that wander from one literary work to another,
from one epoch to another, create a rich invariant arsenal of literary
discourse and are united by many common signs. The most significant are
high spirituality and high artistry, and their content capacity. They maintain
eternal relevance in different epochs and different cultures, easily manage
to cross the borders of national cultures, are characterised by polyvalence,
easily move from one field of art to another, etc.
Traditional plots and characters are addressed by almost all eras and
fields of art. Every epoch has its own “repertoire” of interesting stories and
characters. However, the frequency of employment of traditional plots and
characters differs in different epochs, literary movements and genres. For
example, there is more interest in them in ballads, poems, tragedies, classicism,
romanticism, mythological realism, and less in critical realism and
naturalism.
Postmodernism is particularly productive in presenting traditional
plots and characters, without which the “cultural landscape” of today’s
world would be unimaginable. It can be claimed that the world has been
living in the entrails of the culture of the postmodern world for the past
decades. Postmodernism, in turn, is an important link in the chain of cultural
epochs.
The great interest of the postmodern era in traditional stories and faces
is due to many peculiarities of postmodernist aesthetics, among which
are defining postmodernism paradigms or basic postmodernist characteristics:
collage, the use of double coding, the death of the author, the mask
of the author, the ironic reassessment of old values, intertextuality, the
principle of palimpsest, openness, centrism, eclecticism, hint techniques,
citation thinking, etc.
Comparative thematology is one of the most popular fields of comparative
literature that can answer many of the most important questions
posed in world literature
THE PROCESS OF COMMODIFICATION OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO A SPECIAL COMMUNICATIVE RESOURCE
No full textThe article discusses issues related to the changing role and status
of the Russian language in Georgia. It notes that the political, economic
and social processes in Georgia have largely influenced the process of
commodification of the Russian language and its transformation into a special communicative resource. On the other hand, commodification,
at this historical stage, contributes to resumption and strengthening of
interest in studying the Russian language in Georgia.
Firstly, the definition of Georgia’s language policy plays a crucial role
in creating a national identity. Currently, Russian language instruction in
Georgia has an artificial educational nature due to the lack of a natural
need for Georgian-speaking students to communicate in Russian.
The consciously communicative nature of Russian language training
brings to the forefront the requirement of its practical orientation. Its
realization manifests itself in the study of the Russian Language as a
living, developing phenomenon closely connected with the changes in
the Russian government’s socio-political, economic and cultural life.
The usage characteristics of the Russian Language in traditional
tourism arouse attention as Russian tourists show an increasing interest
in the cultural values of Georgia.
Over the past decades, the number of Russian speakers has
noticeably decreased in Georgia, and the Russian Language has lost
its position in the education system. Naturally, Georgian students’
passion to learn Russian has changed. Interest in the Russian Language
is growing in Georgia thanks to Russian tourists and the fact that they
are actively purchasing real estate here. All the mentioned above opens
up new opportunities for popularizing the Russian Language in Georgia.
From this point of view, the following thought by Y. Prokhorov is of
interest: “Language is a commodity. As a philologist, I understand that
Language is the treasury of culture, and I do not need to be convinced
of this. However, as a person who teaches Russian to foreigners, I know
I have a client.
Language is a profitable commodity for them, and I, a philologist,
must convince my client that I will teach them the Language to their
advantage at a particular time. For a long time, we have presented the
language as an ideology or an introduction to culture in the highest
sense of the word... Let us proceed from simple reality simple: the more I teach people the Russian Language, explaining how it benefi ts them,
the better it will be for the Language [Прохоров, 2009, 5].
The demand for the Russian Language in tourism allows Russian
language teachers to create new modern Russian language courses
(including online) and textbooks of a new type
Anthroponyms in the epigraphy of Imereti of XI-XII centuries
No full textAmong the ancient Georgian epigraphic monuments that have been survived and reached us, the inscriptions of Imereti of the XI-XII centuries, which are especially rich by anthroponyms, can be distinguished. Along with the names of gods, angels, saints, and martyrs, we find the names and surnames of persons from high and relatively low hierarchy, of those who ordered the inscriptions and those who made them. The object of our research is the anthroponyms preserved in the lapidary inscriptions of Kutaisi, Khoni, Vani, Terjola, Chiatura, Sachkhere (88 inscr. in total) (compiled by V. Silogava, 1980). Most of them are from the XI century.
In Georgian anthroponymy, along with the names of Georgian persons, foreign ones are also distinguished. According to R. Topchishvili, foreign names first of all paved their way among the representatives of the privileged class of Georgian people, and finally “all the entered names coexisted together with the canonized Christian and Georgian-Kartvelian proper names” (Topchishvili, 2002, p. 93). According to the datas of epigraphic monuments of Imereti, the situation is similar in XI-XII centuries. For example, we find names entered from Hebrew (some of them with variants):
Iva (Heb. Gift of God): „u~o, ga(n)usu(e)ne sulsa Ivaisasa...“ (Tuzi, Terjola). The variant of this name should be Ivna mentioned in the inscription of Ivna(Simoneti, Terjola): „K~E, sh~e Ivnai(ჲ)“. According to V. Silogava, Iva and Ivna, may both be related to the name Iv(a)nai(ჲ) (Inscriptions from Western Georgia, 1980, p. 112), The original form of which – Iovane, is confirmed in the epigraphy of Imereti: „...Sh~e I(ჲ)(ovan)e... shvilni I(ჲ)(ovan)esni(ჲ)“ (Kutaisi State History Museum, XI-XII cc.). The origin of this name is considered to be Iehokhanan, Iohanan (Heb. To whom God has mercy). It was borrowed from Hebrew into Greek, and from there it was spread into many languages around the world.
“(It) is entered in Georgian language in the form of the Greek vocative... and in Khanmet-Haemet texts (more later as well) we find Iohane, then – Ioane and Iovane, finally – Ivane, shortened form of which is – Vano... It seems that in the second half of the X century Ivane was already established in Georgian, but in writing, under the influence of the literary tradition, Iovane still prevailed” (Chumburidze, 1987, p. 353);
Iakob-i (Heb. disciple): „k~e, sh~e Iakob“ (Simoneti, Terjola)... It originally meant the second one of the twins, and then it acquired the meaning of disciple, a follower of God (ibid., p. 344);
In the XI century the name Mikael-i was widely spread (Heb. godlike, divine): „[tsmidao s(a)m(e)b(a)o, sh(eitsqal)e Mi[k(a) el], ese kvaჲ m[an] [sh]stsira“ (Bajiti, Sachkhere); It is also found in Darkveta (Chiatura), Ghvankiti (Terjola) inscriptions. Mikaeli also entered from Hebrew into Greek and in this way spread in various forms in many languages of the world (Chumburidze, 2003, p. 187).
The name Lishai (= gift) mentioned in the XI-XII century inscription in Khoni must be Hebrew: „ts~o g~i, sh~ e [I(ov)]ane lishai G(iorg)is dzei(ჲ) a~n“. There are a few names with -i vowel stems in Georgian. Most of them are borrowed from Greek names ended in -ios. The most common of these is Giorgi. It is noteworthy that in the XI century epigraphy of Imereti, Giorgi is mostly found as a symbol of saints and martyrs, persons of high hierarchy. for example: „ts~o G(iorg)i, meokh eq(a)v ts(inash)e...“ ( Savane, Sachkhere); [mt(av(a)r]m(o)ts(a)misa G(iorg)i(s)sa...“(Gadidi,Vani); „ts~o s(a)m(e)b(a)o, sh~ e d(ide)b[u]li G(iorg)i m(e)p(e) i(ჲ)“(katskhi, chiatura); „...me, G(iorg)i e(ristavt)-e(ristavman) avashene ese ts~i(ı) eklesiai(ჲ) savanis(a)i(ჲ)“ ( Savane)... Giorgi is also found as the name of persons of low hierarchy: „[ts~o s(a)m(e)b(a)o, sh~e G(iorg)i ese kvai (ı) m(a)tda iqida“ (Bajiti, Sackhere)...
Kvi(ჳ)rike (< Greek Lord, Sir): „† ts~o g~i, sh~e K(vi(ჳ)rik)e...“ (Simoneti, Terjola); „...shv(i)l(n)i Goliat(i)sni: A(n)toni Godobreli, L(i)p(ari)t და K(v(ჳ)irik)e...“ (darkveti, chiatura)... Georgian equivalent of Kvi(ჳ)rike is considered to be Uplisa, which has been the name of many historical figures in Georgian from the early times ...
In the epigraphy of Imereti there are also the names of persons of Persian origin:
Rati (Pers. lord or magnanimous, great-hearted): „a(gh)vashene [...] Ratisa da, [...] tsodvilisa s(u)lisa ch(e)misa“ (Gadidi, Vani). Rati is the family name of the Eristavi(Feudal Lords) (Chumburidze, 1987, p. 364);
Saurmag-i (Old Pers. Black-shouldered): „† ts~o g~i, sh~ e S(a)urm(a)g, dze akunisa...“ (Savane, Sachkhere). Saurmag) was called the son of King Parnavaz (III century BC) ...
Khursi Eristavi (Feudal Lord) is mentioned in the constructing inscription of the temple in 1046 (Savane, Sachkhere). It is a Persian name meaning bear (Georgian genealogy: http://www.geogen.ge/ge/msearch/4334/). comp. Khovi(ჳ)rsi (> Khursi): „† s(a)m(e)b(a)o ts~o sh~ e da adide M(a)r(ia)m deopali da shvilni misni – g~i da Khovi(ჳ)rsi“ (Koreti, Sachkhere);
Vardan-i (Tuzi, Terjola) is Persian and means hero or citizen. It entered from Armenian (Chumburidze, 1987, p. 338).
Other names mentioned in inscriptions of Imereti must also be of Eastern origin: Iohab-ი (Katskhi, Chiatura), Haraba (Haraba inscr., 1046), Ioane, Iakob(i), Mikael(i), Giorgi, Rati (like many other names) are Georgianized, canonized Christian names (Topchishvili, 2002, p. 94).
In the ancient fund of Georgian anthroponyms Al. Ghlonti distinguishes three groups: basic, derivative, and composed names. The first two of them are chronologically attributed to the ancient layer by the scientist, and the composed ones ‒ to the later (1986, p. 15). The names of all three groups are confirmed in Imereti.
Two group of names are distinguished in Anthroponymy. They are: 1. unmotivated, and 2. Motivated (Goderdzishvili, 2012, p. 50).
Anthroponymy of Imereti Lapidarium is semantically heterogeneous. According to our material, motivated, anthroponimized names of transparent etymology are distinguished: Khutsi (Katskhi), Molozoni(ჲ) (Koreti), Khatisa (Simoneti), Perisa (Koreti), Ianvar (ibid). The vowel-stem variant of this name – Ianvara is known, which, according to Z. Chumburidze, is a Georgian name, meaning “born in January”, “Of January”. The name Ianvar-i (January) itself, in turn, is derived from the name of the Roman deity Ianus (Janus) (Georgian genealogy: http://www.geogen.ge/ge/msearch/4312/).
R. Topchishvili notes that in the first volume of “Kartlis Tskhovreba” (“Life of Kartli”) the Georgian name itself is found only twice among the honorees: Zviadi and Kakhaberi. “Zviad-i was a popular name in Georgia of all times. It is also found in a 13th century document” (2002, pg. 94). According to our analytical material, Zviad-i is confirmed earlier in the inscriptions of Perevi (Chiatura), as well as Koreti (Sachkhere) in the XI century. In the same epoch there is also found its composed version Gulzviad-i: „avashene... s(a)l(o)cv(e)l(a)d ...msh(o)b(e)lta ch(e)mtatvis – G(u)lz(via)d(i)st(vi)s da M(a)r(iami)st(vis)...“ ( Savane, Sachkhere).
The etymology of some anthroponyms is not clear. These are, for example: Goliati (Darkveti, Chiatura), Vashaqma (Tuzi), Shalva (Simoneti; Bajiti...). Al. Chincharauli connects Shalva with the Georgian name Shavleg (= black, brunette): “A man came to his mother: your Shavleg was killed... Shalva’s mother was crying, tousling her agate-like hair” (Georgian folk poetry, XI, 17: http://www.geogen.ge/ge/msearch/4328/), According to Z. Chumburidze, Shalva is Jewish and means peace, but the scientist does not exclude the supposition of Al. Chincharauli about its connection with the Georgian name, Shavleg. Shalva was the family name of Toreli. Its earlier form Shavela> Shavla is preserved in the surnames: Shavladze, Shavlidze, Shavelashvili ... (Chumburidze, 1987, p. 373).
Unmotivated names are: Liparit-i (Darkveti), Which has an unknown meaning and is entered into Armenian from Georgian. It is the name of the feudal lords of Trialeti (Chumburidze, 1987, p. 353); Lachkhi, Kokhala (Darkveti); Ikhna (Simoneti); Sira (Katskhi); Korda (Koreti)...
In the Lapidarium of Imereti the names of women from the high hierarchy of the XI century are preserved: Guarandukht-i – mother of King Bagrat (inscription of Bagrati Cathedral, Kutaisi), Mariam-i – mother of George feudal lord of Eristavi (Savane, Sachkhere), Tskhoreba – daughter of feudal lord of Eristavi (Katskhi, Chiatura)...
Analytical material is rich in other types of onomastic material, which shows the history of a surname, family name or nickname. It is as follows: „...M(i)k(a)el Michvitinisa dz(e)i“ (Koreti), „...M(i)k(a)el Mchevrais dze Kordai“ (ibid). comp. Mchevrais dze – Chirai(ჲ)s dzis. or: Ch(a)relis dze (V. Silogava) (inscriptions of werstern Georgia, 1980, pg. 126), „...Iochipi(s) dzeni“ (ibid)... in other inscriptions as well: „...Jikh(/ჴ)uaisdzisa...“ (Katskhi); „...Ghvinos dzei Giorgi“ (Simoneti); „...Gm(i)r(i)sdzissa K(vi(ჳ)rik)esa“ (Savane); „...S(a)jis dze G(iorg)i“ (Khoni, XI-XII სკ.); „...St(e)p(a)ne K(ala)t(o)zi“ (Simoneti)...
The family name originated in Georgia in the era of early feudalism, and in the VII-VIII centuries the process of its formation seems almost complete (Ghlonti, 1986, p. 48). This opinion is shared by Z. Chumburidze, R. Topchishvili... This is evidenced by the data of epigraphic monuments of Imereti. They also show that preference is given to the name or nickname of the ancestor, and from the ancestor – the name of the man as the head of the family, the leader of the surname (Chumburidze, 1987, p. 295).
Lapidary inscriptions of Imereti of XI-XII centuries are made on church buildings and are mostly of ecclesiastical nature. The anthroponymy preserved in them provides important information about secular persons and authorities, as well as representatives of a relatively low hierarchy and shows the material and spiritual values of social life in one of the parts of Georgia, Imereti, at that time
FRENCH FICTION-LITERARY TEXTS OF INITIATION TYPE
No full textIn French Young Adult literature, educational, adventure, formative
or initiation-type literary texts are often referred to as synonyms,
although there is a difference between them. In contrast to educational
and adventure narratives, initiation narratives are characterized by:
1. Search for the secret meaning of life (fortress, temple, treasure,
secret...); 2. Experience (poverty, loneliness, “via dolorosa”); 3. Fight
against evil; 4. Understanding love as a means of knowing the soul; 5.
Presence of a leader; 6. Acquisition of “secret” knowledge; 6. Sharp and
fast metamorphosis-change (death) of the protagonist as the beginning
of a new life.
Not all of the above-mentioned features can be found in the
artistic-literary texts of modern French writers, which can be considered
as initiation type narratives. For example, in the small text “Lullaby” by
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, the fight against evil is nowhere to be
seen. The protagonist of the text is a teenager whose family problems
(mother’s illness and absence of father) make him feel lonely. He finds
love in proximity to nature, thus overcoming the feeling of loneliness
and despair. On the path of self-awareness and socialization, Lullaby’s
only friend is the physics teacher, and the antagonist is the school
director, who demands from Lullaby to strictly follow the school rules.
The text doesn’t tell us about dangers either, however, the discovery of
an abandoned Greek house while walking along the seashore, a meeting
with an unknown boy, an incomprehensible inscription for a Lullaby
becomes communion with secrets, as a result of which the girl begins
to perceive the existing reality differently. Lullaby’s sudden change, at
first glance, may even be strange, however, due to the caracteristics of
the genre, the writer’s intention becomes clear to the reader.
The youth literature is perceived by two addressee – representatives
of the younger and older generations. If the intended addressee is
fascinated by the narrative or the artistic side of the text, the ideal
recipient will not find it difficult to see the signs of initiation in the
literary text. Michel Tournier made things easier for the reader, who subtitled
the text «The Tale of Initiation». The reader will not fi nd evil forces in
this small text either. Unlike Le Clézio’s protagonist, little Amandine has
the best, caring and loving parents and has nothing to worry about.
The search for the secret meaning of life is the observation of a fourlegged
friend, which will lead to a sharp and rapid metamorphosis of
the coming of age story.
Both of the above-mentioned texts are united by the distinctive
characters of puberty, the charm of the unknown and the lack of action,
which distinguishes this type of narrative from the characteristics of
similar narratives
Experience of the European industrial policy (case of South-East European countries) (ინდუსტრიული პოლიტიკის განვითარების ევროპული გამოცდილება (სამხრეთ-აღმოსავლეთ ევროპის ქვეყნების მაგალითი))
No full text1. EUROPE 2020. A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth /*COM/2010/2020 final / Brussels,
3.3.2010;
2. European Commission (2010, 2011, 2012, 2017) OECD (2012);
3. Bartlett, W., (2014). Shut out? South-East Europe and the EU’s New Industrial Policy, European Institute,
London School of Economics and Political Science.
4. Naude, W., Surdej, A., Cameron, M. (2019). The past and Future of Manufacturing in Central and Eastern
Europe: Ready for 4.0, IZA Institute of Labor Economics.
5. Filipe, J. (2015). Development and Modern Industrial Policy in Practice, Issues and Country Experiences,
Asian Development Bank.
6. Development and Modern Industrial Policy in Practice, CO-PUBLICATION OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT
BANK AND EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING, Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA, © Asian Development
Bank 2015. 10-11.
7. Putting the EU Industrial Strategy into action, KPIs for tracking progress and benchmarking
competitiveness, European Round Table for Industry, November 2020
8. General Principles of EU Industrial Policy, European Parliament, www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/enThe paper analyzes the features of the industrial policy development of the South-Eastern European
countries, which were caused by the need to coordinate the interests of the development of the national
economy and integration with the European Union. In the stages of development of the industrial policy of the
South-East European countries, the features of the transition from vertical industry to horizontal, sectoral
industrial policy to decentralized territorial policy, the problems of reindustrialization after the 2008 global
financial crisis are discussed. Based on the analysis, the challenges related to the multi-level management of
"smart specialization" were identified, including: ineffective coordination mechanisms; lack of trust and
territorial differences between government members and actors; Difficulty in forming a unified vision; agenda
and expectations at territorial levels; Absence of clear political commitment to achieve active engagement,
adoption of mutually exclusive measures, etc
The role of corporate social responsibility in modern global business
No full text1. ბერიშვილი ხ. 2018 „საერთაშორისო ბიზნესის ეთიკა და სოციალური პასუხისმგებლობა. თბ,
გამომც. „უნივერსალი“ .
2. საქართველოს სტრატეგიული კვლევების და განვითარების ცენტრი (2018), „თბილისის
მსხვილი ბიზნესი და კორპორატიული სოციალური პასუხისმგებლობა“ (დამოკიდებულება და
არსებული გამოცდილება), თბილისი.
3. სოციალური ინტეგრაციის ევროპული კომიტეტი (CDCS) (2017), „სოციალური ინტეგრაციის
ახალი სტრატეგია“, გამომცემელი საქართველოში ევროპის საბჭოს საინფორმაციო ბიურო გვ. 8
4. ხოფერია ლ. (2018), საქართველოს სტრატეგიული კვლევებისა და განვითარების ცენტრი,
„კორპორაციული სოციალური პასუხისმგებლობა და საჯარო სექტორის როლი“, თბილისი.
გვ.101-107
5. მენეჯმენტი, VI გამოცემა / სტივენ რობინსი, მერი კოულტერი/ გამომცემლობა „ვილიამსი“ 2004.
6. Berishvili Kh. (2018) Conception of corpoerative social responsibility: problems and evaluation. Batumi,
BSU, p.12-28.
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relations and influence of this process on the countries with small economi. 6th Business & Management
Conference, Geneva, p. 3-10.
8. Berishvili Kh. (2017) Identification of integration processes in Conditions Economic Turbulance and Their
Use in development of The Countries With Small Economi. Ecoforum Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, pp.108-115.
9. Berishvili Kh. (2014) Possibilities for Mastering The Foreign Trade Potentials In Georgia. Georgian International
Journal of Science, Technology and Medicine 6 (4), 277 .
10. Berishvili Kh. (2014) Liberalization of Economy and Possibilities of Development of Foreign Trade
Potential in Georgia. Materials of reports made at the international scientific-practical conference held at
Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University pp. 124-129.
11. Berishvili Kh. (2013) Globalization end Georgia’s Integration Into World Economic Space. Materials of
reports made at the international scientific-practical conference held at Paata Gugushvili Institute of
Economics of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University pp.125-128.
12. Business For Social Responsibility Education Fund, “Guide to Engaging with NGOs”, United States San.16-18
13. Bhattacharya, C.B., Sankar Sen and Daniel Korschun (2008), "Using Corporate Social Responsibility to Win
the War for Talent," MIT Sloan Management Review, 49 (2), 37-44;
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(Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall, 1987) p. IX.ancisco , 2001, 9-10 pp. )
15. Habisch André Corporate Social Responsibility across the Europe - Heidelberg: Springer, 2005.
16. Kytle, Beth; paramveer singh Corporate Social Responsibility as Risk Management: A Model for
Multinationals (PDF). Social Responsibility Initiative Working Paper No. 10.. Cambridge, MA: John F.
Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (2005).
17. Lauer R. "Defining Social Problems: Public and Professional Perspectives" , Oxford University Press, 1976 , 122 p.
18. Williams Cynthia A. Corporate Social Responsibility in a Comparative Perspective // The Oxford Handbook
of Corporate Social Responsibility / Crane, A., et.al. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
19. Orlitzky, Marc; Frank L. Schmidt, Sara L. Rynes (2003). «Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A
Meta-analysis» (PDF). Organization Studies 24 (3): 403-441.
20. Stoun R.Culture of corporation. London, 2016
21. Shengelia T. (2017) The role of state regulation of investment in the Georgia business development.
International business in the world economic system. Universal, Tbilisi. ISBN 9789941175986.
22. Shengelia T. (2014) Business Aticiphobia and the Terms For Overcaming in Georgia. Georgian
International Journal of Scince, Tecnology and Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 4, Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
PP. 331-337.
23. Shengelia T., Berishvili Kh. (2014). The Role of Institutional Reforms in the Improvement of the
Georgian Investment Environment. Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 2, International Institute
of Social and Economic Sciences. PP. 81-87.
24. Shengelia T., Berishvili Kh. (2014). Evaluation of the Global Position of Georgia and its Role In the
Development of Business. Georgian International Journal of Scince, Tecnology and Medicine, Volume 6,
Issue 1, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. PP. 57-65.
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Georgian International Journal of Scince, Tecnology and Medicine, Volume 5, Issue 3/4, Nova Science
Publishers, Inc. PP. 229-238.
26. http://www.scn.ge/geo/main/index/.7-9 pp.
27. https://www.makemyassignments.com/blog/disadvantages-of-csr/ 10-13pp
28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336148742_The_Stage_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_i
n_EU-_CEE_Countries 24-27pp
29. www.CSR InTheUnited StatesAndEurope]18-24pp
30. https://asiancenturyinstitute.com/environment/494-csr-in-japan 1-3pp
31. (http://forbes.ge/blog/
32. https://tbcinsurance.ge/ka/blog/article/190-300-000-lari-covid19-tan-mebrdzoli-ekimebisa-da-ektnebisdasazghvevad
33. https://bm.ge/ka/article/quotgalfiquot-covid-19-tan-mebrdzoli-eqimebis-mxardacherasagrdzelebs/
65726/
34. https://www.tbcbank.ge/web/ka/web/guest/covid-19-challenges.
35. https://bm.ge/ka/article/nova-pandemiis-gamowvevis-dasadzlevad-65-000-lars-gamoyofs/53004/
36. https://terrassagroup.ge/ka/news/page-/The social responsibility of business has a long history and many stages of development, the relevance of
this problem first appeared in the 19th century. Corporate social responsibility includes the responsibility of
companies to comply with specific social norms, It is based on the social nature of human behavior and the
protection of values. In the conditions of globalization, the success of each company depends to a large extent
on the measures it carries out within the framework of social responsibility
Impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the Georgian insurance sector (COVID 19 პანდემიის გავლენა საქართველოს სადაზღვევო სექტორზე)
No full text1. სიმონია, თ. (2018). დაზღვევის საფუძვლები. თბილისი, საქართველო: გამომცემლობა „ივერიონი“;
2. შათირიშვილი, ჯ. & კაკაშვილი, ნ. (2012). სადაზღვევო საქმე. თბილისი, საქართველო: გამომცემლობა „ივერიონი“;
3. ცერცვაძე, ა., ხანთაძე, გ., & ვეკუა, დ. (2016). სადაზღვევო საქმე. თბილისი, საქართველო: გამომცემლობა „დანი“;
4. https://www.insurance.gov.ge;
5. https://www.insurance.org.ge.Insurance plays an important role in stabilizing the economy. It is necessary to develop the insurance market in Georgia, because insurance can prevent financial losses. Pandemic challenges are relevant to the insurance sector. It is therefore important to properly assess the state of the insurance industry.
The article focuses on the importance of risk management during a pandemic. The dynamics of insurance premiums, losses, profits and assets are discussed. Conclusions and recommendations have been made as a result of the analysis of key indicators of the insurance market