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LITERARY – ARTISTIC CAFE/CABARETS IN THE 10S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Get PDFAt the turn of the 20th century, literary-artistic cafes /cabarets
constitute a special part of the literary life of the major cities in different
countries. The history of cabaret culture begins in the end of 80s of the
19th century and is associated with Paris. Along with the “artistic cafe”
the names “artistic club”, “intimate theatre” can be found, which makes
the content of the literary-artistic cafe (“The Stray Dog”) more precise.
According to scholar T. Tabatadze, “researchers frequently use the
term “artistic cabaret” to describe the cabarets of the late 19th and early
20th centuries. The term “artistic cabaret” is used broadly to denote the
special character of cabaret of this period, to differentiate it in relation to the current form of the cabaret genre, its modern understanding,
which should indicate a possible internal functional differentiation of
these establishments”.
An important place in the history of literary and artistic cafes is
occupied by the “Stray Dog” café which was opened in 1912 (according
to another report, on December 31, 1911) in Petersburg. A similar cafe
“Fantastic Tavern” was opened in Tbilisi in 1917 and existed until the
second half of 1919.
Numerous noisy literary disputes, literary games or poetic duels took
place there; planned or unplanned events aroused the same interest. It
was within the walls of this cellar that the Acmeists announced a new
movement. The poet, publicist Giorgi Ivanov (1894-1958) recalls in his
St. Petersburg notes: “The Stray Dog was open three times a week: on
Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays – we gathered late, after twelve.
Before the official opening hours, only “pharmacists” came, which in
the “Stray Dog” jargon meant all random visitors – starting with the
adjutant wing – including a veterinarian, paid three roubles for entry,
drank champagne and were surprised at everything”. Members of this
literary and artistic cafe and persons with written recommendations
could enter the “The Stray Dog” , probably strictly observing this rule.
R. Timenchik and A. Parnis restored 153 evening programs held
here. A particularly important event in the history of the existence of
the “Stray Dog” was the speech of a student of St. Petersburg University
Viktor Shklovsky, and his report entitled “The Place of Futurism in the
History of Language” (December, 1913)
Globalization and manufacturing challenges (გლობალიზაცია და წარმოების გამოწვევები)
Get PDF1 შაბურიშვილი მ., (2018) წარმოების პროცესის ფრაგმენტაციის თავისებურებები თანამედროვე ბიზნესში, საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო-პრაქტიკული ჟურნალი „გლობალიზაცია და
ბიზნესი“, 2018
2. გლობალურ და რეგიონულ ღირებულებათა ჯაჭვებში CAREC-ის ქვეყნების მონაწილეობის
შეფასება, iset-pi.ge/ka/publications/research-reports/1874
3. Bart l, M, (2017) Timmer, P. How Global Awe Global Ualue chuns? A.new approach Tomeaswe international
Fragmentation//Joournal of regional science-2015 №1 p66-95
4. International Bank for reconstruction and Dewelopmen. Global Ualue chuns Developmentr Report.
Waschington: The ward bank.
5. Lichenstein; N. (2009) the retal revolution. How Wal-mart vreated. A. Brove New ward of Business /N.
Lichenstein-New York. Metropolitan books
6. А.Кацер, М.П.Мишкова, Рол Всемирной торговой организации во фрагментации производства,
беларусь.The article examines the development of production in the context of globalization, which manifests itself
in its fragmentation. It is determined that the degree of fragmentation of production depends not only on the
geographical distance, but also on the sectors in which the company operates. The possibilities of countries to
benefit from participation in global value chains are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the global value chain,
the regional nature of the organization of the production process is determined.
The paper concludes that the peculiarity of the globalization of production is manifested in its
fragmentation, in which the participating countries (developed and developing) are involved in different stages
of the formation of the global value chain and fragmentation of production, depending on the level of
macroeconomic development
SHAKESPEARE’S THREE TRAGEDIES IN GEORGIAN (TRANSLATED BY MANANA ANTADZE)
Get PDFივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაThe article gives analysis of three tragedies by Shakespeare (‘King
Lear’, ‘Macbeth’, ‘Julius Caesar’, 2017) translated into Georgian by Manana
Antadze. Shakespeare’s text is renowned for being highly suggestive and
multilayered. Thus, any translation at the same time means giving an interpretation
of the text. It is true to this translation as well. Manana Antadze’s
rendering of Shakespeare’s text is full of interesting interpretations and
readings of the well-known passages. An analysis of how Edmund’s famous
monologue from ‘King Lear’ and the witches’ opening scene in ‘Macbeth’ are
translated into Georgian shows that these passages can be considered as
one of the best examples of how a translation of the text becomes an interpretation
at the same time. These translations reveal that Manana Antadze
is not only as a gifted and experienced translator (Antadze has translated
a number of books and was awarded a prestigious Ivane Machabeli prize
for her achievement), but also has a deep knowledge and understanding of
Shakespeare’s works, which she gained from her tutor, an internationally
acclaimed Georgian Shakespeare scholar professor Nico Kiasashvili. It is to
Nico Kiasashvili that this volume is dedicated. Creation of new translations was demanded by the needs of theatres
and at the same time by a necessity to produce a new translation in the new
epoch. As famous Karvelologist and translator Donald Rayfield remarked,
‘’Every generation needs its own Shakespeare and a new translation.’’
The paper gives a comparative study of the text of the original and
that of the translation to explore how specific difficulties of the original are
rendered into Georgian so as to create an artistic equivalent of the original
text.
A comparison of the texts clearly showed that the translation is marked
with both the fidelity to the text of the original and the beauty of expression
in the target language. The translator manages to create an equivalent
of different styles whether it is Mark Anthony’s rhetorical speech (‘Julius
Caesar’), King Lear’s dramatic monologues, the three witches’ ambiguous
predictions (‘Macbeth’), or the jester’s puns (‘King Lear’)
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on digital banking consumer behavior (COVID-19-ის პანდემიის გავლენა ციფრული ბანკინგის მომხმარებელთა ქცევაზე)
Get PDF1. Apil, A. R., Kaynak, E., and Todua, N. (2009). Product Preference Differences of High and Low Ethnocentric Consumers
in Georgia. In Proceedings of the 18th World Business Congress „Management Challenges in an Environment of
Increasing Regional and Global Concerns“,International Management Development Association, pp. 531-539.
2. Boston Consulting Group (2021). Global Retail Banking 2021: The Front-to-Back Digital Retail Bank. Available from:
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/global-retail-banking-report (Accessed 27 January 2022).
3. Buehler, K., Conjeaud, O., Giudici, V., & Samandari, H. (2020). Leadership in the time of coronavirus: COVID-19 response
and implications for banks. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/leadership-in-the-time-of-coronavirus-covid-19-response-and-implications-for-banks (Accessed 27 January 2022).
4. CISION (2021). Social Media Advertising Market Is The Second Biggest Market Within Digital Advertising. Available
from:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/social-media-advertising-market-is-the-second-biggest-market-withindigital-advertising-301249882.html (Accessed 27 January 2022).
5. CNBC (2021). Digital ad spend grew 12% in 2020 despite hit from pandemic. Available from: https://www.cnbc.-
com/2021/04/07/digital-ad-spend-grew-12percent-in-2020-despite-hit-from-pandemic.html (Accessed 27 January 2022).
6. Dahl, J., Giudici, V., & Kumar, S. (2020). Lessons from Asian banks on their coronavirus response. McKinsey & Company,
Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/lessons-from-asian-banks-on-theircoronavirus-response (Accessed 27 January 2022).
7. Datareportal (2021). Digital Around the World. Available from: https://datareportal.com/global-digital-overview (27
January 2022).
8. Demirguc-Kunt, A., Pedraza, A., & Ruiz-Ortega, C. (2020). Banking Sector Performance During the COVID-19 Crisis.
Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34369 (Accessed 23 January 2022).
9. Farzanegan, M. R., Feizi, M., & Gholipour, H. F. (2020). Globalization and the Outbreak of COVID-19: An Empirical
Analysis. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(3), 105.
10. George, A. (2018). Perceptions of Internet banking users—A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. IIMB
Management Review, 30(4), 357–368.
11. HubSpot (2021). The Ultimate List of Marketing Statistics for 2021. Available from: https://www.hubspot.com/marketingstatistics (Accessed 27 January 2022).
12. Interactive Advertising Bureau (2021). 2020/21 COVID Impact on Advertising. Available from:https://www.iab.com/-
wpcontent/uploads/2020/09/200831.SpendResearchStudyNo6.FINAL_.pdf (Accessed 16 November 2020).
13. Jashi, Ch., & Urotadze, E. (2020). Marketing Aspects of COVID-19 Epoch. In Proceedings of the 5th International
Scientific Conference „Challenges of Globalization in Economics and Business“, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State
University, pp. 397-404.
14. Jebarajakirthy, C., & Shankar, A. (2021). Impact of online convenience on mobile banking adoption intention: A moderated mediation approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58(7), 102323.
15. Karabag, S. F. (2020). An unprecedented global crisis! The global, regional, national, political, economic and commercial
impact of the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 10(1), 1-6.
16. KPMG (2020). A catalyst for change for bank branches Available from: https://home.kpmg/xx/en/blogs/home/posts/-
2020/04/a-catalyst-for-change-for-bank-branches.html (Accessed 27 January 2022).
17. Marcu, M. R. (2021). The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the banking sector. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 9(2), 205-223.
18. Mghebrishvili, B., & Urotadze, E. (2021). Challenges of Business Social Responsibility in the Conditions of Coronavirus
Pandemic. Ecoforum Journal, 10(3).
19. Rahi, S., & Ghani, M. A. (2019). Integration of expectation confirmation theory and self-determination theory in internet
banking continuance intention. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(3), 533–550.
20. Sitorus, H. M., Govindaraju, R., Wiratmadja, I. I., & Sudirman, I. (2019). Examining the role of usability, compatibility and
social influence in mobile banking adoption in Indonesia. International Journal of Technology, 10(2), 351-362.
21. Statista (2021). Mobile advertising spending worldwide: 2007-2023. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/303817/mobile-internet-advertising-revenue-worldwide/ (Accessed 27 January 2022).
22. Sudarsono, H., Nugrohowati, R. N. I., & Tumewang, Y. K. (2020). The effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the adoption of
Internet banking in Indonesia: Islamic bank and conventional bank. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and
Business, 7(11), 789-800.
23. Tabash, M. I., Albugami, M. A., Salim, M., & Akhtar, A. (2019). Service quality dimensions of E-retailing of Islamic banks
and its impact on customer satisfaction: An empirical investigation of kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Journal of Asian
Finance, Economics, and Business, 6(3), 225-234.
24. Tarazi, A., & Abedifar, P. (2020). Special issue on Islamic banking: Stability and governance. Global Finance Journal, 51.
25. Todua, N. (2018). Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Behavior in the Georgian Tourism Industry.
International Academy Journal Web of Scholar, 3 (5/23), 11-16.
26. Todua, N. (2019). Using social media marketing for attracting foreign tourists to Georgian destinations. Globalization and
Business,. 7, 39-48.
27. Todua, N., & Gogitidze, N. (2021). Features of the Use of Digital Marketing in the Banking Sector. The New Economist,
16(3/4), 7-15.
28. Todua, N., & Jashi, C. (2018). Influence of Social Marketing on the Behavior of Georgian Consumers Regarding Healthy
Nutrition. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 12 (2), 183-190.
29. Todua, N., & Jashi, Ch. (2013). Challenges of Social Marketing in Georgia. TSU Science, 5, 59-62.
30. Todua, N., & Jashi, Ch. (2021). Paradoxes of Social Marketing in Healthcare (In the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic). In
Proceedings of the 6th International Scientific Conference „Challenges of Globalization in Economics and Business“, Ivane
Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, pp. 163-168.
31. Urotadze, E. (2020). The role of social media marketing in attitude towards Georgian consumers to travel agencies. In
Proceedings of the 7th Business Systems Laboratory International Symposium „Socio-Economic Ecosystems: Challenges
for Sustainable Development in the Digital Era“, University of Alicante (Spain), pp. 236-241.The article shows the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital banking and digital banking
marketing. With the help of the latest research analyzed digital banking channels' use at the current stage and
their future predictions.The paper highlights the key features of digital banking consumer behavior during the
COVID-19 pandemic. It also reviews the latest statistics on digital banking user behavior since the pandemic
started. Based on the analysis of secondary data, the article highlights the importance of the use of digital banking
and the prospects for its growth, which banks should use to gain a competitive advantage
The procedure for appointment (election) of judges in the Supreme Court
Get PDFhttps://web-api.parliament.ge/storage/files/shares/kvleviti-centri/kvlevebi/2/uzenaesi-sasamartlo.pdfThe judiciary is the main guarantor of the rule of law that balances other branches of power (both legislative and executive). The study analyzes the legislation of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Canada, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Greece, France, Slovakia, Hungary, Finland, Czech Republic, North Macedonia, Sweden, Croatia. To highlight common features, the countries' practices are divided according to the classification of the forms of governance. In addition, the study is accompanied by an annex, which briefly describes the rules and criteria for the appointment of Supreme Court judges in these countries
Structural Groups of Terms with Affixoids
Get PDFElements called term elements are distinguished in the system of terms. They have a well-defined terminological meaning and indicate a specific terminological field. Term elements have semantic, structural, and functional properties. It can be claimed that these elements are ready-made, standard models for creating terms. Amongst them, affixes should be distinguished. Terms with affixes are established in all languages although the attitude towards them is ambiguous. One of the issues is whether the terms with affixes are compound words or derivatives.
Theoretical research is of particular importance in resolving orthographic issues. This issue has been studied to a certain extent in Georgian scientific literature. Many researchers were interested in the terms with affixes. However, the problem has not been solved; it has yet to be regulated and resolved.
Terms with affixes should be grouped according to different classifications. The following independent groups should be differentiated: terms with prefixes and suffixes, terms of foreign origin and Georgian affixes, and also, hybrid terms should be singled out independently.
International affixes have their corresponding Georgian equivalents. They are translated word- for word, employed in the semantically identical meaning and frequently substitute the international affixes. In addition to international affixes, there is a tendency for some Georgian stems to turn into affixes. This problem also calls for independent exploration.
In order to enhance the terminological work, we find it necessary to represent all the affixes based on their etymology in the term bank. This will improve the heterogeneous situation inherent in the formation of words with affixes. For instance, whether to write a term წინასწარ დაძაბული (tech) as one word or separately. Also, შიგამოძ-რაობა, lexical items formed by semi-affixoid, e.g. ნახევრად ბმული cf. ნახევარსიბრტყე. Georgian is distinguished by the abundance of such affixoids, and this issue needs to be studied.
In some languages, there is a dictionary of affixes. Unfortunately, such a dictionary does not exist in Georgian. Therefore, the grouping of the structural grouping of affixes acquires special importance. Clarification will single out the problems concerning the issue as well as the ways to resolve it.
This will also enable us to create a dictionary of affixes which has not yet been published in Georgian. It should be noted that affixal formation is a dynamic process. Many branches of science use affixes to create new terms. Therefore, this dictionary will assist the scientists to employ the affixes, both Georgian and foreign, as they express the essence of the concept more laconically and precisely
DIMITRI BAKRADZE’S (1826-1890) JOURNEY TO SVANETI
Get PDFივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაFamous scholar Dimitri Bakradze traveled to Svaneti in 1860. At that
time he was serving in the Chancellery of the Governor of Kutaisi. The
scholar was motivated by two circumstances: he was interested in the role
of Svaneti in the history of Georgia and he received an assignment from the
Geographical Society to study the inscriptions of the cross-icons of Svaneti.
Dimitri Bakradze started his journey from Kutaisi on September 8 and
moved to Svaneti through Samegrelo, from the village of Jvari he went up
the Enguri valley through the way called Lenkheri. The data of the travels of Dimitri Bakradze was published in 1864
(Bakradze D., Svaneti, ZKOIRGO, kn., V, Tifl ., 1864). The text is written in Russian,
the inscriptions from the churches and cross-icons are presented in
the original language − in Georgian. The transcription of toponyms is also
accurately recorded.
Dimitri Bakradze’s work has a great importance for the study of the
history and culture of Svaneti, since Dimitri Bakradze is the first Georgian
scholar of the XIX century, who describes the antiquities and life of Svaneti
through direct observation. It is known that his trip was preceded by the
descriptions of several officials of the Russian Empire in Zemo Savneti, but
Dimitri Bakradze is distinguished by his great knowledge of Georgia, love
for the region and objectivity, which adds special value to his work.
Dimitri Bakradze reviews in detail the existing Greek and Georgian
sources about Savneti, and analyses the role of the Svaneti Saeristavo and
later Samtavro in the life of medieval Georgia.
The second part of the work describes the roads, villages, geographical
landscape, churches of Svaneti. Tells the stories of the kin groups of Gelovani
and Ddeshkeliani. D. Bakradze pays special attention to the toponym,
the architectural style of the churches, the sanctuaries preserved there,
copies the inscriptions, lists the manuscripts and tells the stories of the
priests working in Svanet at that time.
In addition to the archeographic material, the ethnographic reality
described by Dimitri Bakradze is also highly valuable. It is important to
mention, that while describing the current situation, the scholar relies on
the information provided by the locals and presents the worldviews and
perceptions of the narrators.
D. Bakradze recognizes the fetures of the common Georgian reality
in Svan everydaylife. He deiscusses the forms of settlement, agricultural
activities, describes the religious, residential and defensive buildings, the
folk religious system of Svaneti, holidays, beliefs, folk songs and folklore,
traditional law, clothing, jewelry, weapons, Svan physcal anthropological
types; describes the high legal status of women in the community. D
Bkradze focuses on the issues of the historical memory and analyses the
attitude of the Svans to the memory of St. Tamar and describes the local
legends about King Tamar
Some impact aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Georgia and Estonia (საქართველოსა და ესტონეთზე COVID-19 პანდემიის გავლენის ცალკეული ასპექტები)
Get PDF1. ყარალაშვილი, შ. (2021). საპენსიო რეფორმა ესტონეთსა და საქართველოში (შედარებითი ანალიზი). თბილისი.
2. ყარალაშვილი, შ., ვეშაპიძე, შ. (2017). ესტონური ეკონომიკური მოდელის შემოღების საფრთხეები საქართველოში. ჟურნალი „ბიზნეს-ინჟინერინგი“, №3. გვ. 30-36. თბილისი.
3. ყარალაშვილი, შ., ვეშაპიძე, შ. (2017). ესტონური მოდელის ცალკეული ასპექტები და საქართველო. ჟურნალი
„ახალი ეკონომისტი“, №3. გვ. 12-19. თბილისი.
4. Karalashvili, Sh. (2020). Estonian state officials’ Political games in other words what will happen to the reform of
mandatory funded pension scheme. Ecoforum Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 2(22). Suceava, Romania.
5. Karalashvili, Sh. (2020). "Shadow Tax" - one of the challenges of mandatory accumulative pension scheme of Georgia.
Ecoforum Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 2(22). Suceava, Romania.
6. Karalashvili, Sh., Veshapidze, Sh. (2018). Pension Reform in Georgia. Ecoforum Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 2(15). Suceava,
Romania.
7. https://andmed.stat.ee
8. https://www.geostat.ge
9. http://ssa.gov.ge
10. https://www.euro.who.int/enCovid-19 pandemic has offered a new agenda to the world; at first glance, successful state systems have
contributed to the detection of those weak points that have not been observed before. The current pandemic has
once again confirmed that the noticeable difference between the levels of development of countries is not
reflected by similar difference in the effectiveness of dealing with invisible threats. Georgia and Estonia, as part of
the great mechanism, are also affected by Pandemic processes in different degrees, which poses many challenges
for the countries; One of such challenges is the sphere of Social Security and pension provision system. However,
the problem of population aging is characterized by relevance in the two countries
REPORT OF GENERAL JUZEF POZECKI ON HIS STAY IN TBILISI ON MARCH 18-25, 1920
Get PDFhttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/177-shromebi-18.htmlThere is a document kept in the Central Military Archive of Poland relating the situation in Georgia in 1920. The document represent the report of Lieutenant General Juzef Pozecki, dated April 8, 1920 and sent to the Supreme Command of the Polish Army.
At the beginning of the document General Pozecki notes that he has left for Georgia and, specifically for Tbilisi for personal purposes. A fragment of the General’s letter confirms the sympathy of Georgians for Poland and Polish people in general: “As a Polish General, I felt the utmost courtesy and kindness on the part of Georgians”, he writes. But the Civic Guard didn’t make a good impression on him. The reason was the appearance of soldiers going along the street for the change of the guard. They happened not to wear uniforms and carried the weapons the way they liked. He confirms that there are many former officers of the imperial army in Georgia who, due to the lack of sympathy for the current government, have refused to serve in the National Armed Forces.
The General writes that while being in Tbilisi he met with the Deputy Minister of War, General Gedevanov - an acquaintance of his. The conversation between the two generals concerned possible Russian aggression against the South Caucasus and military readiness of Georgia.
The General says in his letter that in Tbilisi there are already a lot of refugees from Vladikavkaz. Part of the letter tells about the overall situation in Tbilisi at that time. He notes that food and various goods are cheaper than in Constantinople but emphasizes that bread and sugar are in short supply, although other products are available. He also writes that there are no clothes and dry goods. The document highlights the plight of the intelligentsia, who are impoverished and distressed and tells about scarcity of well-maintained roads, rarity of trams and weak, flickering electric light
Despite all the above, the General writes that life in Tbilisi, compared with the times of Russian domination is calm.
At the end of his letter the general writes that on his way back to Constantinople, he met the delegation of Titus Philipovich in Batumi
დიმიტრი უზნაძე მითრიდატე VI ევპატორზე. DIMITRI UZNADZE ON MITHRIDATES VI EUPATOR
Get PDFDimitri Uznadze’s contribution to the historical science has long
been in the focus of our research. The issue had not been studied
thoroughly, and we tried to fill this gap. Neglect of the given issue
was not a mere coincidence. This neglect is not purely academic. It
had obvious political reasons. Above all, it was due to the negative
attitude to the success of the Georgian Democratic Republic in the
years 1918-1921. Such attitude was based on ideology and politics.
Currently, this attitude is outdated and forms a kind of retro in historiography.
In our opinion, it is quite natural that the most fruitful and
intense activities of Dimitri Uznadze in the historical field coincided
with the existence of the Georgian Democratic Republic in the years
1918-1921.
Prior to the establishing of the Soviet regime in Georgia, Dimitri
Uznadze taught world history at school. He actively participated in
the creation of the first national manuals of world history for school
children. Although the quantity of his works in history is insignifi cant,
the quality is extremely valuable. We should envisage this criterion
in our research. This small number of works was all he could create
in the extreme circumstances in a short period of time.
Dimitri Uznadze studied the world history based on three main
directions. His studies were chiefl y reflected in school manuals. He simply had no time to implement most of his brilliant ideas. The
above-mentioned three directions are as follows: 1. Ancient history.
The prehistoric era and the history of the ancient orient. 2. Antique
history. The history of ancient Greece and Rome. 3. Recent history. He
wrote this manual together with Ivane Gvelesiani. It is higly probable
that he had also written a school manual on the medieval history,
but failed to publish it.
The given paper is of historiographic nature. It aims to find out
how Dimitri Uznadze described the activities of Mithridates VI Eupator
in the first national manual on the History of Rome.
In our opinion, Dimitri Uznadze’s evaluation of Mithridates VI Eupator
in his school manual on the history of Rome has the following
positive aspects:
1. The author speaks briefly and laconically about the history of
the Kingdom of Pontus prior to the reign of Mithridates VI Eupator.
The description provides an important historical background for the
coverage of the main issue. The author analyzes both the history of
Rome and the ancient history of the Kartvelian tribes.
2. Another merit of the manual is the correct evaluation of the
activities of Mithridates VI Eupator. The author reveals a thorough
knowledge of the empirical material. The manual performs a mission
of a cultural trigger, and the author has achived this goal successfully.
Dimitri Uznadze contributed to the promotion of the given issue.
This was a significant step forward, taking into account the Georgian
reality of the given period.
3. Dimitri Uznadze’s attitude to the activities of Mithridates VI
Eupator fully corresponds to the strict requirements of the historical
science of the given period. Dimitri Uznadze shared a widespread
scholarly opinion. Hence, he did not praise the King of Pontus. This
can be explained by the influence of the Roman sources.
4. Another merit of the manual is Dimitri Uznadze’s knowledgeability
of the issue. This is not surprising, because the author was
well aware of the empirical, factual material. Analysis of certain issues given in the manual has revealed certain
shortcomings, namely:
1. The manual does not provide detailed information regarding
the acute opposition between the Kingdom of Pontus and Rome. In
fact, the author does not mention the three wars between Mithridates
and Rome. The information regarding the issue in overly general
and lacks concrete facts.
2. Another shortcoming of this passage is the author’s indifference
to facts. He fails to mention the dates of the three wars with
Rome. He does not provide the dates of battles with Chaeronea and
Orchomenus. It would have been extremely useful to provide this
information in the school manual