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საქართველოს ალექსანდრე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის გეოგრაფიული საზოგადოების შრომები
No full textაბსტრაქტი. გეოგრაფიული გარემო უმნიშვნელოვანესი ფაქტორია ეთნოგენეზისისა და ეთნიკური
ისტორიის პროცესში. გეოგრაფიული დეტერმინიზმის მსოფლმხედველობითი კონცეფციის
წარმომადგენლები სწორედ გეოგრაფიულ გარემოს მიიჩნევენ საზოგადოების განვითარების
განმსაზღვრელ ფაქტორად, ხოლო ზოგიერთი მკვლევარი ეთნოსს, პირველ რიგში,
გეოგრა- ფიულ-ბიოლოგიურ და არა სოციალურ-კულტურულ ფენომენად თვლის. ნებისმიერი ეთნოსის
ჩამოყალიბება (ეთნოგენეზისი) ხდება გარკვეულ გეოგრაფიულ, კერძოდ, ლანდშაფტურ
გარემოში, რაც განსაზღვრავს კიდეც ეთნოსის ანთროპოლოგიურ და კულტურულ მახასიათებლებს
(მეურნეობის ტიპი,საცხოვრებლის ფორმა,ჩაცმულობა,საკვები,აგრეთვე ენა და სულიერი კულტურა).
ამა თუ იმ ხალხის ეთნოგენეზისი, როგორ წესი, სხვადასხვა ეთნოსების ურთიერთმოქმედების
(მიქსაცია, ასიმილაცია, სეპარაცია)შედეგია,რაც იმას მიგვანიშნებს, რომ ეთნოგენეზისსა და ეთნიკურ
ისტორიაში დიდ როლს ასრულებს მიგრაციული პროცესები და არაერთი ეთნოსის წარმოშობა
ადგილობრივი და მოსული ეთნოსების ურთიერთქმედების შედეგია. მაგრამ თვით
ამ მიგრაციების ანუ ხალხთა მასობრივი გადასახლებების (განსაკუთრებით
ძველ და შუა საუკუნეების პერიოდებში) მიზეზი, ძირითადად, გეოგრაფიული გარემოს გაუარესება,
მიწების დეგრადაცია, კლიმატის ცვლილება და ბიორესურსების დეფიციტი იყო. სტატიაში
გატარებულია აზრი, რომ გეოგრაფიულმა ფაქტორებმა განაპირობა არაერთი მასობრივი
მიგრაცია, რამაც არსებითი როლი შეასრულა მთელი რიგი ხალხების ეთნოგენეზისში და საფუძვლიანად
შეცვალა მსოფლიოს ეთნიკური რუკა. ასევე, სტატიაში გამოყოფილია მოსული
და დამხვდური ეთნოსების ურთიერთქმედების შესაძლო შედეგის ექვსი სხვადასხვა ვარიანტი
და მოყვანილია შესაბამისი მაგალითები
The role of financing by international donor organizations in the globalization of Georgian higher education (საერთაშორისო დონორი ორგანიზაციების დაფინანსების როლი საქართველოს უმაღლესი განათლების გლობალიზაციაში)
Get PDF1. იაკობაძე მ. (2019). უმაღლესი განათლების დაფინანსების უცხოური გამოცდილება და
საქართველოს პრაქტიკა, გვ 9
2. მაჩაბელი გ. (ივლისი 2020). განათლების სახელმწიფო პოლიტიკა და რეფორმების სტრატეგიული
დაგეგმვა. განათლების პოლიტიკის დაგეგმვისა და მართვის საერთაშორისო ინსტიტუტი.
3. ჯოჯუა. ნ (2020). უმაღლესი განათლების როლი და ფუნქცია ქვეყნის ეკონომიკური და
სოციალური განვითარებისათვის, ეროვნული თავდაცვის აკადემია.
4. ჩახაია ლ. (2020). უმაღლესი განათლებისა და კვლევის დაფინანსება და და ფინანსური
მართვა.
5. საქართველოს ნებაყოფლობითი ეროვნული ანგარიში, 2020
6. ფინანსთა სამინისტრო, 2020 წლის კვარტალური ეკონომიკური მიმოხილვა, გვ.7
7. საერთაშორისო სავალუტო ფონდი თანამშრომელთა ანგარიში ქვეყნების შესახებ 2020 (მე-7
გადახედვა)
8. მსოფლიო ბანკი, ბოლოდროინდელი ეკონომიკური სიახლეების მიმოხილვა
9. ბიზნესის წარმოების ინდექსი, 2020
10. საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური. www.geostat.ge
11. საქართველოს განათლებისა და მეცნიერების სამინისტრო
www.mes.gov.ge;
http://mes.gov.ge/uploads/files/ganatlebaprezentacia.
pdf?fbclid=IwAR2PcFjVIDMDK14BGKiS610KWFnNvpZqdfpUkwmuYMybhN47-PGIhIWdR7M
12. Heritage.org 2020 ეკონომიკური თავისუფლების ინდექსი
13. საქართველოს სტატისტიკის სამსახური, 2021 წლის სტატისტიკა ცხოვრების დონის שესახებ
14. მთავრობის დადგენილება №238, 1 ივნისი, 2015.
15. მსოფლიო ბანკი, ბოლოდროინდელი ეკონომიკური სიახლეები მიმოხილვა
16. მსოფლიო ბანკი, ქვეყნების ახალი კლასიფიკაცია שემოსავლის დონის მიხედვით: 2019-2020
ש . 17 რომის ეკონომიკა, ავტორთა კოლექტივი, თსუ,თბილისი, 2016 წ, 160 გვ.
18. დევიდ ნ. უეილი. ეკონომიკური ზრდა. თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა – 2016 წ.
(წიგნი ხელმისაწვდომია თსუ ეკონომიკისა და ბიზნესის ფაკულტეტის ბიბლიოთეკა שი), 297 გვ.
19. Jones, P. W. (1999). Globalisation and the UNESCO mandate: Multilateral prospects for educational
development. International Journal of Educational Development, 19(1), 17-25.
20. Little, A. W. (1996). Globalization and educational research: Whose context counts? International Journal
of Educational Development, 16(4), 427-438.
21. Alexis H. (April 2020). Global education sector urged to face pandemic challenges together. Daily global
newspaper.
22. Private higher education establishments in Europe — the present condition and prospects of
development / [ed. by Jozef Szablowski]. — Bialystok, 2005. — 220 p.
23. https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%
98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A
1%E1%83%98
24. https://www.lbcnews.co.uk/uk-news/cambridge-university-announced-move-to-hold-allle/?
fbclid=IwAR1p0ooCcl8_g6Z11hePtN76aaQcgl611P5jAY64T8m-3zC0PpzwIVJncDU
25. https://forbes.ge/blogs/saqarthvelo-globaluri-konkurentunarianobis-reitingshi/
26. https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/25376568.htmlEducation is no longer viewed as critical only to the economic and social development of a country – in a
globalized world, its impact extends to the international arena. International aid agencies, therefore, have a
stake in ensuring that developing countries take the necessary steps to provide education to their citizens.
Donors can support efforts by developing countries to reduce such obstacles as regulatory and administrative
barriers, fees and financial requirements, corruption in public administration, socio-cultural attitudes and lack
of key business services.
In general, the patterns of international financial assistance to Georgia demonstrate the coherence with
the major reform priorities of the country, Improving the quality of education and vocational training remains
key to increasing the skills of the labor force and raising potential output in the medium term. Georgia is
currently implementing the Unified Strategy of Education and Science (2017-2021) and the Strategy of
Vocational Education and Training (2013-2020). The strategies are based on the principle of lifelong learning
and aim at achieving a high level of accessibility and quality of education at all levels.
The Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia, with the support of the development partners, started
actively working on the unified strategy and action plan for education and science for 2022-2032 that also
includes the new TVET strategy (2021-2025). The unified strategy for 2022-2032 will be the main policy
document of the Ministry, which will cover all areas of the education system: pre-school education, general,
vocational and higher education, adult education and science.
Donors should provide technical assistance and capacity building targeted at supporting the formulation of
competition policy and strengthening institutions responsible for enforcing competition law. A great deal of hard work on the part of donors and governments has gone into the development of the education sector
plans. In this context, the government needs to take charge of the development agenda to utilize donor
support strategically.
This article traces the role donors have played in the development of national education policies and
reform agendas over the decades. It also identifies key turning points at the national and international levels
that have led to the introduction of new initiatives or a change in the direction of donor support
YAKHONTOV’S LIST AND THE IBERIAN-CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES
Get PDFThe genetic relationship of the Iberian-Caucasian languages and
the reality of the genealogical classification of these languages is
confirmed according to the principle (methods) of researching their
kinship relationships. However, proving that ICE comes from a common
ancestor language is a very difficult task. The situation is getting
complicated due to a number of objective reasons. These are: a) mainly
monosyllabic composition of morphemes, which is valid for all Iberian-
Caucasian groups; b) special brevity of comparable lexical units in verbs,
which reduces the quality of verification; c) the mountainous landscape
of the Caucasus is attached to this, which dis not contribute to the
unification of peoples in one or another location while contributed
the acceleration of the processes of differentiation between languages as well as the conception and development of convergent events
in a synchronous mode. This is accompanied by another linguistic
contradiction that the Caucasian languages do not necessarily develop
independently of each other even after their separation. Thus, if
they continue to operate in contiguous areas, under conditions that
allow contact and interaction to be stable, then the differences in
their vocabulary will be less than expected, and the estimated time
for divergence will turn out to be shorter than it really is. Hence the
conclusion: the basic tenets of glottochronology are not true for all
possible cases. The simplicity of the phonemic composition of the root
and its subsequent transformations, together with the shortness of the
root, led to the blurring of the historically existing real picture in the
Iberian-Caucasian languages, which is not at all an insurmountable
contradiction.
If we consider the three main theories of the ethnogenesis of the
peoples of the Caucasus – migratory, autochthonous and migratory-autochthonous
– we share the second theory, which does not ignore
the possibility of using the theory of migration in relation to individual
peoples. For example, the assumption that the ancestors of the
Abkhazians and Georgians lived in the territory of modern Western
Georgia (Abkhazia) in prehistoric times has quite solid arguments. The
preservation of onomastic names that can be explained in the endemic
languages in Abkhazia should indicate the long-term coexistence of
the ancestors of the Abkhazians [= Apsuas] and Georgians in this area,
from ancient times to the present day. The same can be said about
the relationship between Dagestanian languages and peoples, which,
at the same time, in both considered cases, based on the theory of
prehistoric great migration of peoples, does not exclude the possibility
that the modern Caucasian peoples, before finding themselves in the
current residential areas, went through a long way of settlement.
In the paper, the problem of the kinship of the Iberian-Caucasian
languages according to the famous list of Yakhontov will be discussed
in more detail
Increasing importance of the social component of sustainable finance during the COVID 19 pandemic (მდგრადი დაფინანსების სოციალური კომპონენტის ზრდა COVID-19 პანდემიის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. Berg, F., Koelbel, J. F., & Rigobon, R. (2019). Aggregate confusion: The divergence of ESG ratings (pp. 1-42). Cambridge, MA,
USA: MIT Sloan School of Management. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3438533 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2-
139/ssrn.3438533
2. Bouslah, K., Kryzanowski, L. & M’Zali, B. (2018). Social Performance and Firm Risk. Impact of the Financial Crisis. J Bus Ethics
149, 643–669, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3017-x
3. Del Giudice, A., M. Migliavacca, and S. Piserà. (2019). The impact of ESG factors on systematic, idiosyncratic and total firm
risk. Working paper.
4. DWS. (2020). Systematic Investment Solutions: Spotlight on ‘S’ - Integrating the Social factor into investment portfolios.
Investment Insights.
5. Deutsche Bank AG. (2019). The “S” in ESG: the ugly duckling of investing. CIO Special.
6. Friede G., Timo Busch & Alexander Bassen (2015) ESG and financial performance: aggregated evidence from more than 2000
empirical studies. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 5:4, 210-233, DOI: 10.1080/20430795.2015.1118917
7. Khan, Mozaffar and Serafeim, George and Yoon, Aaron. (2016). Corporate Sustainability: First Evidence on Materiality. The
Accounting Review, Vol. 91, No. 6, pp. 1697-1724., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2575912 or http://dx.doi.-
org/10.2139/ssrn.2575912
8. Sassen, R., Hinze, A. & I. Hardeck (2016). Impact of ESG factors on firm risk in Europe. J Bus Econ 86, 867–904, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-016-0819-3
9. White & Case LLP. (2021). Amplifying the “S” in ESG: Investor Myth Buster. URL: https://www.whitecase.com/publications/insight/amplifying-s-esg-investor-mythbuster?utm_source=linkedin&utm_medium=organic&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_campaign=The integration of social issues into the ESG world has made insufficient progress as the social component has
received relatively little attention due to the challenges associated with its definition, evaluation, coverage, and
measurement. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the debate over the role of social issues in the decision-making
process has taken on new significance. Now, there is a growing interest in social issues for investors and financial institutions,
as improper consideration of these issues can create significant risks and lead to long-term damage to reputation
A new paradigm of monetary theory and contemporary challenges
Get PDF1. Connors L., Mitchell W. (2017). Framing Modern Monetary Theory. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,
Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 239-259. https: doi.org 10.1080 0 1603477.2016.1262746
2. Knapp G. (1905). Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot.
3. Krugman P. (2019a). Running on MMT (Wonkish). The New York Times, 25 February.
4. Krugman P. (2019b). What’s wrong with functional finance? (Wonkish). The New York Times, 12
February.
5. Mitchell W., Wray R., Watts M. (2019). Macroeconomics. London: Macmillan Education.
6. Nesiba R. (2013). Do institutionalists and post-ICeynesians share a common approach to Modern
Monetary Theory (ММТ)? European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Vol. 10,
No. 1, pp. 44-60. https: doi.org 10.4337 ejeep.2013.01.05
7. Praet Р. (2019). Twitter Q&A with Peter Praet. European Central Bank, 12.03. https: twitter.com і
moments 1105523805248778246
8. Rogoff K. (2019). Modern monetary nonsense. Project Syndicate, March 4. https: www.projectsyndicate.
org commentary federal-reserve -modern-monetary- theory-danger s-by- kenneth-rogof f-2
019-03
9. Samuelson P. (1990). Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
10. Stone J. (2015). Plough quantitative easing cash into building homes and infrastructure, says Jeremy
Corbyn. The Independent, 9 July.
11. Tcherneva P. (2002). Monopoly money: The state as a price setter. Oeconomicus, Vol. 5, pp. 124-143.
12. Моисеев, С. Р. Хайп вокруг (не)денежной (не)теории, Вопросы экономики. – 2019. – N.9. – С. 112-
122. https://institutiones.com/theories/3440-haip-vokrug-denezhnoi-teorii.html
13. Грищенко Вадим, Остапенко Всеволод, Ткачев Василий, Тунёв Виктор, Современная денежная
теория (ММТ): новая парадигма или набор рекомендаций для макроэкономической политики?
Экономическая политика. 2021. Т. 16. № 3. С. 8–43, https://institutiones.com/theories/3836-
sovremennaya-denezhnaya-teoriya.htmlIn scientific publications on the problems of monetary relations, modern monetary theory is defined as a
system of views that have been formed over the past twenty years by a group of American and Australian
economists, mostly university professors. The main impetus for the development and popularization of modern
monetary theory was the need to create a scientific concept for overcoming such problems of the American
economy as the accumulation of huge public debt, chronic budget deficits and high unemployment. This theory
offers a universal solution to these problems.
This article shows how this theory is able to cope with the current global financial and economic crisis; The
article also analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of modern monetary theory
Rafiel Shamelashvili – Scientist and Human
Get PDFდაბადებიდან მე-100 წლისთავის აღსანიშნავად (1922-1994
Gocha Japaridze – 80
Get PDFეძღვნება პროფ. გოჩა ჯაფარიძის ხსოვნას (1942 – 2020)/ Dedicated to Memory of Prof. Gocha Japaridze (1942 – 2020
PHONOTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SONORANT CONSONANTS (BASED ON THE GEORGIAN AND MEGRELIAN CONSONANT CLUSTERS)
Get PDFAs it is known, in the Common-Kartvelian, alongside with vowel
and consonant phonemes, sonant phonemes */j, w, m, n, r, l/ are
reconstructed, which, depending on their positions, appear either
as syllabic *[i, u, Ý, Þ, Õ, ß] or non-syllabic *[j, w, m, n, r, l] allophones.
Reflexes of */m, n, r, l/ sonant phonemes are different in Georgian and
Megrelian.
The different reflexes led to the fact that the distributions of sonorant
consonants in consonant clusters diff er in those two languages, and
there is a noticeable difference in terms of the number of consonant
clusters or the length of the clusters as well. The maximum length of
the cluster in Megrelian equals to 4, and in Georgian it equals to 6. The fact is that in Common-Kartvelian the sonant phoneme between
the consonants or in the position following the consonant (in CSC or CS
sequences, where C stands for a consonant, and S for a sonant) was
realized as a syllabic allophone. As far as the reflexes of the */m, n,
r, l/ sonants are sonorant consonants in Georgian, these sequences
were preserved as consonant clusters; in Megrelian, the mentioned
sequences have been divided by inserting a vowel, as the reflexes of
the sonants’s syllabic allophones [Ý, Þ, Õ, ß] are VS type sequences in
Megrelian (a vowel before the sonorant is developed at the expense of
syllabicity).
It is clear that in Megrelian consonant clusters, /r, l, m, n/ sonorants
are not found at all in the C– position (following the consonant),
regardless of whether it is the first or any internal member of the cluster.
Unlike Megrelian, the distribution of sonorants in the Georgian
consonant clusters is quite wide, and among them, /r/ sonorant
(attested in all positions) is distinguished by its distributional power.
Finally, it is natural that a cluster with two sonorants is not allowed
for Megrelian at all, but it is attested in the Georgian multi-member
clusters
ისტორიული მეთოდოლოგია და ეთნოლოგიური კვლევები. HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Get PDFThe question of the intersection or relation of the research interests
of history and ethnology is an accompanying topic to the process
of establishing ethnology as a scientific field. The development
of scientific methodology in the twentieth century, the expansion of
areas of interest, and empirical innovations were accompanied by a
revision of methodological and theoretical approaches. Differences
in ethnological (anthropological) schools and traditions have led to
the emergence of different approaches in the English, German and
French speaking spaces.
The theoretical development of the field in the English-speaking
world was influenced, on the one hand, by the historical particularism
of Franz Boas and, on the other, by the approaches of Bronislaw
Malinowski and Alfred Radcliff e-Brown, who drew a sharp line
between ethnology and history. They considered the socio-cultural
phenomena from a functional point of view, and were perveiving the
historical descriptions only as a bearer of the function of historical
legacy of the present. Historical anthropology was developed in Germany.
The main research question was the reconstruction of history,
criticizing the connection of history only with the written sources.
The ethnohisory as a specal field was etablished from the 60s of the
twentieth century in Vienna, under the leadership of Hirschberg. This
filed is on the edge of the historical and ethnographic studies. Ethnohistorical
studies are based on both historical and ethnographic
data and approaches. Ethnohistorical research is based on the analysis
of written sources and documents. The French-speaking space
was influenced by the historical school of the Annals, which focused
on the everyday life and ordinary people. Attention was drawn to the
microhistory. Such traditions have determined the urgency of historical methodology.
The historical dimension has become more important to
modern anthropology since the 1980s because it allows the analysis
of similarities and differences of social life in historical or genealogical
contexts and makes possible the accumulation of the comparative
knowledge about human existence. Using a historical methodology
in historical ethnology means retrospecting the past from
modern cultures, thanks to the cultural memory of the people living
today, their oral histories, historical sources and documents. The
goal of the historical reconstruction should be to restore the whole
context and not its fragments. Contexts change over the time. Consequently,
historical continuity must not sought in the continuum of
the same categories, values, or motives, but in the logic of transformational
processes. Therefore the reconciliation of synchronic and
diachronic approaches is the most effective for holistic analysis of
the past or the present.
Based on the above metioned, it can be said that the issue of
strict definition of research areas is not relevant today and the shift
of attention to this issue indicates the existence of the other types
of problems within the specific scientific circles
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Globalization and the Socio-Economic System of the Country (Macro Aspect)
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Series D: Faculty of Economics and Administration. 28(3), 1-12. DOI: 10.46585/sp28031209The paper discusses the socio-economic challenges and their systemic features in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic as in the context of global as individual countries. The significant effect, such as increasing socio-economic uncertainty is analyzed. The research shows that in the conditions of increasing uncertainty it is necessary to strengthen the complex continuous forecasting-analytical activities due to the peculiarities of the socioeconomic system of the country, both at the macro-systemic level and at the level of the private sector. It is noted that the experience of the pandemic period has shown us the great importance of an effective mechanism for the formation and implementation of socio-economic policies aimed at challenges and solving relevant complex problems. This policy, with the involvement of relevant institutional factors, should contribute to the long-term sustainability of the community.
(ნაშრომში განხილულია სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური გამოწვევები და მათი სისტემური თავისებურებები COVID-19-ის პანდემიის პირობებში როგორც გლობალურ ასევე მსოფლიოს ცალკეული ქვეყნის ჭრილში. გაანალიზებულია ისეთი მნიშვნელოვანი ეფექტი, როგორიცაა სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური განუზღვრელობის ზრდა. კვლევის შედეგად ნაჩვენებია, რომ ზრდადი განუზღვრელობის პირობებში საჭიროა, განხორციელდეს კომპლექსური უწყვეტი საპროგნოზო-ანალიტიკური საქმიანობის გაძლიერება ქვეყნის სოციალურ-ეკონიმიკური სისტემის როგორც ობიექტის თავისებურებებიდან გამომდინარე, როგორც სახელმწიფო მაკროსისტემურ, ისე კერძო სექტორის დონეზე. აღნიშნულია, რომ პანდემიური პერიოდის გამოცდილებამ დაგვანახა გამოწვევებზე და შესაბამისი კომპლექსური პრობლემების გადაჭრაზე
მიმართული სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკის ფორმირებისა და რეალიზაციის ეფექტიანი მექანიზმის დიდი მნიშვნელობა. ეს პოლიტიკა, შესაბამისი ინსტიტუციური ფაქტორების ჩართულობით, ხელს უნდა უწყობდეს საზოგადოების გრძელვადიან მდგრადობას