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International Scientific Conference “Thirty Years in the United Nations” May 21, 2022, Report by Natia Phiphia (TSU) and Tedo Dundua (TSU)
No full texthttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/177-shromebi-18.htm
FOR THE FUNCTION OF LITERATURE: SOLIDARITY AND WAR NARRATIVE IN MILITARY AND ANTI-WAR LITERATURE
No full textივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაOn the one hand, literature, as a field that carries the aesthetic function
of art, is sustained and unchanged, a universal phenomenon that includes
“artistic access”, and on the other hand, literature, as a reflection
accompanying processes, changes as much as the society, values, points of
view change. Accordingly, the literature reflects both change and innovation.
This approach has become particularly topical in the literary studies
of the “New Historicism”, where a cultural system participates in the creation
of a literary text, which creates the basic motive of the text, substantive
trends, direction and development.
War, as a heroic description of heroic deeds, traces its roots back to
ancient literature. The term includes military-themed texts inspired by war,
although military literature also marks out such writings where military
actions are not described but the experience of war is shown.
The term Military Literature, which appeared during the First World
War, was further deepened and expanded during the Second World War.
Anti-war literature is a term developed after military literature and in its
discourse, where civil heroism, solidarity, the human side of war, tragedy
have taken the lead. Anti-war, the same anti-military literature singles
out human rights, personal and social tragedies, where neither side is the
winner. On the one hand, literature, as a field that carries the aesthetic function
of art, is sustained and unchanged, a universal phenomenon that includes
“artistic access”, and on the other hand, literature, as a reflection
accompanying processes, changes as much as the society, values, points of
view change. Accordingly, the literature reflects both change and innovation.
This approach has become particularly topical in the literary studies
of the “New Historicism”, where a cultural system participates in the creation
of a literary text, which creates the basic motive of the text, substantive
trends, direction and development.
War, as a heroic description of heroic deeds, traces its roots back to
ancient literature. The term includes military-themed texts inspired by war,
although military literature also marks out such writings where military
actions are not described but the experience of war is shown.
The term Military Literature, which appeared during the First World
War, was further deepened and expanded during the Second World War.
Anti-war literature is a term developed after military literature and in its
discourse, where civil heroism, solidarity, the human side of war, tragedy
have taken the lead. Anti-war, the same anti-military literature singles
out human rights, personal and social tragedies, where neither side is the
winner. On the one hand, literature, as a field that carries the aesthetic function
of art, is sustained and unchanged, a universal phenomenon that includes
“artistic access”, and on the other hand, literature, as a reflection
accompanying processes, changes as much as the society, values, points of
view change. Accordingly, the literature reflects both change and innovation.
This approach has become particularly topical in the literary studies
of the “New Historicism”, where a cultural system participates in the creation
of a literary text, which creates the basic motive of the text, substantive
trends, direction and development.
War, as a heroic description of heroic deeds, traces its roots back to
ancient literature. The term includes military-themed texts inspired by war,
although military literature also marks out such writings where military
actions are not described but the experience of war is shown.
The term Military Literature, which appeared during the First World
War, was further deepened and expanded during the Second World War.
Anti-war literature is a term developed after military literature and in its
discourse, where civil heroism, solidarity, the human side of war, tragedy
have taken the lead. Anti-war, the same anti-military literature singles
out human rights, personal and social tragedies, where neither side is the
winner. In the report, we will discuss the functional load of literature in military
and anti-war literature. We will pay special attention to the discourses
of solidarity and the experience of war on the example of contemporary
Georgian literature
Pandemic and statistical perspectives of rethinking supply chains strategies
No full text1. ADB (2018). Economic Indicators for Eastern Asia: Input-Output Tables. Asian Development Bank. December, 2018.
2. Ahmad N. (2019). Improving the Accounting Frameworks for Analysis of Global Value Chains. Global Value Chain
Development Report 2019.
3. Ahmad N., Bohn T., Mulder N., Vaillant M., Zaclicever D. (2017). Indicators on Global Value Chains: A Guide for
Empirical Work. Working Paper N 84. STD/DOC (2017)8. OECD. 06-Jul-2017. https://doi.org/10.1787/8502992f-en
4. Alvarez J.B., Baris K.V., Crisostomo Ch.R., de Vera J.P., Gao Y., Garay K.V., Gonzales P.B., Jabagat Ch,J., Juani A.S.,
Lumba A.B., Mariasingham M.J.Meng B., Rahnema L.C., Reyes K.S., San Pedro M.P., Yang Ch. (2021). Recent Trends in
Global Value Chains. Global Value Chain Development Report 2021. ADB, the Research Institute for Global Value Chains
at the University of International Business and Economics, WTO, the Institute of Developing Economies–Japan External
Trade Organization, and the China Development Research Foundation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS210400-2
5. Baldwin, R and R Freeman (2020), “Supply chain contagion waves: Thinking ahead on manufacturing ‘contagion and
reinfection’ from the COVID concussion”, VoxEU.org, 1 April.
6. Bonadio B., Huo Z., Levchenko A., Pandalai-Nayar N. (2020). The role of global supply chains in the COVID-19 pandemic
and beyond. VOX, CEPR Policy Portal. 25 May 2020 https://voxeu.org/article/role-global-supply-chains-covid-19-
pandemic-and-beyond
7. Chand S. Input-Output Accounting: Limitation and Importance. Retrieved from
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/microeconomics/national-income-microeconomics/input-output-accounting-limitation-andimportance/30799
8. Coast W., Symansky S., Maino J., Mcmorram R., Paniagua L. (2020). Post-COVID Economic Policy. USAID. August,
2020. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z2S4.pdf
9. Ernst & Young (EY). (2021). How COVID-19 Impacted Supply Chains and What Comes Next. https://www.ey.com/-
en_us/supply-chain/how-covid-19-impacted-supply-chains-and-what-comes-next. Accessed Dec. 29, 2021.
10. Eurostat (2021). ESA Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables. htttps://ec.europa.eu/Eurostat/web/esa-supply-use-input-tables/figaro
11. Ferrantino M.J., Koten E. (2019). Understanding Supply Chain 4.0 and its potential impact on global value chains. Global
Value Chain Development Report 2019: Technological Innovation, Supply Chain Trade and Workers in a Globalized
World. World Bank, World Trade Organization.
12. Guan, D., Wang, D., Hallegatte, S. et al. Global supply-chain effects of COVID-19 control measures. Nat Hum Behav 4, 577–587 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0896-8
13. Javorcik, B. (2020), “Global supply chains will not be the same in the post-COVID-19 world”, Chapter 8 in R Baldwin and
S Evenett (eds.), COVID-19 and Trade Policy: Why Turning Inward Won’t Work [2], a VoxEU.org eBook, CEPR Press
14. IDE-JETRO (2013). Asian International Input-Output Table 2005.
https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Sds/098.html
15. Inoue, Hiroyasu. (2021). Propagation of International Supply-Chain Disruptions between Firms in a Country. Journal of
Risk and Financial Management 14: 461. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14100461
16. Ivandić N. (2021). Accommodation and Food Services Supply Chains: An Input-Output Methodological Framework.
Original scientific paper. DOI: 10.17818/DIEM/2021/1.2
17. Lu W., Rencheng T. (2007). Input-Output Analysis for Multi-location Supply Chain Management Control: A Theoretical
Model. Retrieved from https://www.iioa.org/conferences/16th/files/Papers/Wang-274.pdf
18. OECD (2021), OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Database, http://oe.cd/icio".
19. Papava V. (2020). New Challenges of Economic Science Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. “Economisti”, N4, 2020. (In
Georgian). DOI: 10.36172/EKONOMISTI.2020.XVI.04.Papava
20. Shih, W. (2020). Global Supply Chains in a Post-Pandemic World. Harvard Business Review. September-October, 2020.
https://hbr.org/2020/09/global-supply-chains-in-a-post-pandemic-world
21. Shih, W., Huckman R., and Wyner J. (2021). The Challenge of Rebuilding U.S. Domestic Supply Chains. Harvard Business
Review. May 26, 2021. https://hbr.org/2021/05/the-challenge-of-rebuilding-u-s-domestic-supply-chains
22. WB (2019). Technological innovation, supply chain trade, and workers in a globalized world. Global Value Chain
Development Report 2019.The pandemic, as expected, posed serious problems not only to the global economy as a whole, but also to such
a global phenomenon as supply chains. Repeated lockdowns have halted and weakened the flow of raw materials and
finished products around the world, which has dealt a serious blow to the normal development of manufacturing
processes. Although international statistics are well acquainted with the methods of statistical study and analysis of
these processes, this area of statistics in Georgia is still in its infancy. We are talking about Input-Output Statistics as a
model of interdependence of different sectors and industries and an important tool of macroeconomic analysis. The
importance of this field of statistics is also indicated by the wide scale of internationalization of Input-Output
Statistics worldwide, in particular, the development of inter-country and multiregional Input-Output Tables (IOT)
and the use of relevant databases for economic analysis and forecasting, which is impossible in the traditional
macroeconomic statistics framework. In addition, for Georgia, as for an import-dependent country, it is extremely
important to determine and analyze the degree of import content of production and exports. This is possible within
the framework of global supply chain models, the important tool of which is the world input-output databases and
our country's participation in them.
It should be noted also, that since the methodological and practical issues of developing IOT in Georgia are
poorly studied at the scientific level, there is practically no in-depth transfer of this knowledge to students, which is
vital for detailed study and monitoring of structural changes in the national economy, assessment of the development
policy, and development of the right economic strategy.
Thus, the lack of Input-Output Statistics in Georgia is problematic in many areas. Its development will be a
significant contribution to the strengthening of the capacity of the National Statistical System, and to implementation
of IOT production by Geostat. In addition, the results of the study will become an important turning point for Geostat
to establish a new level of cooperation with Europe in the field of statistics through integration into the world IOT
databases. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the appropriate research will significantly enhance the teaching
of disciplines such as macroeconomic statistics, external sector statistics, and the system of national accounts in higher
education institutions of economic profile. Academics will receive significant theoretical and informational support
for in-depth economic research. Ministries and agencies with an economic profile will have the opportunity to be
guided by scientifically substantiated, transparent, and internationally compliant statistical information in the process
of designing development policies and researching the structural conformity of the economy.
Thus, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of Input-Output Statistics from a supply chain
phenomenon research perspective and to focus on some of the international experience in this area
Ilia Chavchavadze on the methodological aspects of economic processes research and modernity
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20remarks/2022/09/21/remarks-by-president-biden-before-the-77th-session-of-the-united-nationsgeneral-
assembly/For the true knowledge of socio-economic events and processes, it is of great importance to study
and establish a clear system of precise rules for the processing of scientific theory. The purpose of this
article is to investigate and analyze how appropriate methodology was developed in Georgian economic
thought, how its scientific principles were formed. A century and a half ago, Ilia Chavchavadze
established the methodological aspects of the research of economic processes based on the analysis of
the past and the vision of the future. His views have a pragmatic, applied meaning even today. It
contributes to the current theoretical research and the practical realization of the results of this research.
By developing and using appropriate methodology, it is possible to create scientific theories that reflect
the objective foundations of Georgia's national interests, its security protection and sustainable economic
development, current challenges, contradictions and ways to overcome them
Globalization and post-soviet countries’ economic growth: empirical analysis (გლობალიზაცია და პოსტსაბჭოთა ქვეყნების ეკონომიკური ზრდა: ემპირიული ანალიზი)
No full text1. მექვაბი שვილი, ე. (2021). ეკონომიკის გლობალიზაციის პარადოქსები. VI საერთა שორისო
სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია: „გლობალიზაციის გამოწვევები ეკონომიკასა და ბიზნეს שი“, (გვ.
215-221).
2. Chang, C. P., & Lee, C. C. (2010). Globalization and Economic Growth: A Political Economy Analysis for
OECD countries. Global Economic Review, 39, 151-173.
3. Dreher, A. (2006). Does Globalization Affect Growth? Evidence from a new Index of Globalization.
Applied Economics, 38, 1091-1110.
4. Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm , J. E. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – revisited. Review of
International Organizations.
5. Kilic, C. (2015). Effect of globalization on economic growth: a panel data analysis for developing
countries. Economic Insights-Trends and Challenges, 14, 1-14.
6. Kılıçarslan, Z., & Dumrul, Y. (2015). The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence
from the Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 115-123.
7. Olimpia, N., & Stela, D. (2017). IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ROMANIA: AN
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DIMENSIONS. DE GRUYTER, 29-40.
8. Polask, W., & Sellner, R. (2011). Does Globalization Affect Regional Growth? Evidence for NUTS-2 Regions
in EU-27. DANUBE, 4, 23-65.
9. Samimi, P., & Jenatabadi, H. S. (2014). Globalization and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence on the
Role of Complementarities. PLoS ONE.
10. Van der Hoek, M. (2001). Post-Soviet Globalization. South African Journal of Economic and Management
Sciences.
11. Wooldridge, J. M. (2013). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach.
12. World Trade Organization (WTO), (2008). World Trade Report 2008 Trade in A Globalizing World, World
Trade Report.Globalization is a complicated process, which is not a new phenomenon. It has three main dimensions:
political, social and economic. Considering a complex content of globalization, an important problem of
researchers was related to quantitatively express the effect of globalization on economic growth. After the
construction of different indexes measuring globalization in different countries, many authors estimated the
impact of globalization on economic growth. This article empirically analyzes the effects of globalization on the
economic growth of post-Soviet countries. The index developed by the Swiss Economic Institute (KOFGI) is used
to assess the level of globalization. Based on a panel data analysis covering 14 post-Soviet countries in the
period from 1996 to 2019, it is shown that the impact of globalization on economic growth is positive and
statistically significant. In addition, the paper discusses the influence of the economic, political and social
indices, which are included in the globalization index, on the Georgian economy. According to the time series
analysis, the economic globalization index has a positive and statistically significant effect on the economic
growth in Georgia, while the influence of the political and social globalization indices is statistically
insignificant
საქართველოს ალექსანდრე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის გეოგრაფიული საზოგადოების შრომები
No full textაბსტრაქტი. შავი ზღვის ნაპირების შესახებ ძველი მოგზაურებისა და ნატურალისტების წყაროები
სრული პროფილის სტაბილურ პლაჟსადასტურებს. მაგრამ XIX ს შუა წლებიდან, ზღვის
დონის აწევის (1,5-2,0 მმ/წწ) პირობებში, სანაპირო ხაზის ნელი უკან დახევა და ანტიკური ციხე-სიმაგრეების
(დიოსკურია, ფაზისი, ოლვია, ხერსონესი, გიენოსი) აქტიური ნგრევა ფიქსირდება. XX ს-ში კი საქალაქო და
საკურორტო ინდუსტრიის, სავაჭრო(სოხუმი,ფოთი,გაგრა)და სამხედრო (ოჩამჩირე) პორტების,ჰიდროენერგეტიკული
კომპლექსების პროექტირებამ და რეალიზაციამ„ზღვა-ნაპირი-მდინარე“ სისტემამ მდგრადობის შესუსტება
და ბუნებრივი რეჟიმის მკვეთრი დაქვეითება გამოიწვია. მათ შორისაა: მდინარე-ზღვა-ნაპირი სისტემის
ნეგატიური ანთროპოგენური წნეხები, პლაჟის წარეცხვებისა და ძირითადი ნაპირის აბრაზიის აქტივიზაცია,
ასევე ნაპირდაცვითი კონსტრუქციების ნგრევა. აქედან გამომდინარე, ავტორი ცდილობს ნაპირდაცვის
ინოვაციური_თავისუფალი პლაჟის მშენებლობის ფართო დანერგვას. გონივრული ნაპირდაცვა ემყარება
პლაჟწარმომქმნელი რესურსების მობილიზებას, მის კონსერვაციასა და ავარიულ უბნებზე რეალიზაციას,
რომლის პროგნოზულ მოდელში აშკარად ჩანს ნაპირების აღდგენისა და ხანგრძლივი ექსპლუატაციის
დამკვიდრება, პლაჟისრეგულირების პრინციპის დანერგვა და პოზიტიური გეოგრაფიული შეფასების
მიღწევა
The Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and tobacco consumption in Georgia (COVID-19 პანდემია და თამბაქოს მოხმარება საქართველოში)
No full text1. Cordon, M., Eyestone, E., Hutchison, S., Dunlap, D., Smith, L., Williams, R.M., Kim, E., Kao, J.Y., Hurtado-de-Mendoza,
A., Stanton, C., Davis, K., Frey, J., McKee, B., Parikh, V. & Taylor, K.L. on behalf of the Lung Screening, Tobacco, and
Health Study (2021). A Qualitative study exploring older smokers’ attitudes and motivation toward quitting during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Prev. Med. Rev., 101359
2. Elling J.M., Crutzen, R., Talhout, R., & de Vries, H. (2020). Tobacco smoking and smoking cessation in times of COVID19. Tob. Prev. Cess., 6 (39), 1-5
3. Ferrante, L. & Fearnside, P.M. (2020). Protect Indigenous peoples from COVID-19. Science, 368 (6488), 251
4. Gamkrelidze, A., Mebonia, N., Sturua, L., Demtrashvili, N., Kakutia, N., (2018). Non-Communicable Diseases Risk-Factor
Steps Survey, Georgia, 2016 Executive Summary. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.-
int/ncds/surveillance/steps/STEPS_Georgia_2016_ENG_summary_2016_final.pdf?ua=1
5. Gendall, P., Hoek, J., Stanley, J., Jenkins, M. & Every-Palmer, S. (2021). Changes in tobacco use during the 2020 COVID19 lockdown in New Zealand. Nicotine Tob. Res.
6. Mzhavanadze, G. (2021a). The Effectiveness of Tobacco Control Policy in Georgia. Economics and Business: 2. Retrieved
from
https://eb.tsu.ge/?cat=nomer&leng=eng&adgi=1150&title=The%20Effectiveness%20of%20Tobacco%20Control%20Policy
%20in%20Georgia#
7. Mzhavanadze, G. (2021b). Quitting or Going Underground? How Georgians Responded to Increased Tobacco Regulations.
ISET Economist Blog. Retrieved from https://iset-pi.ge/en/blog/2932-tavis-danebeba-tu-iatakqveshetshi-gadasvla-tambaqos-momxmareblebis-reaqcia-gamkacrebul-regulaciebze
8. Shepherd, J.M., Fogle, B., Garey, B., Viana, A.G. & Zvolensky, M.J. (2021). Worry about COVID-19 in relation to
cognitive-affective smoking processes among daily adult combustible cigarette smokers. Cogn. Behav. Ther., 50
9. Sidor, A. & Rzymski, P. (2020). Dietary choices and habits during COVID-19 lockdown: experience from Poland.
Nutrients, 12 (6), 1657
10. Stanton, R., To, Q.G., Khalesi, S., Williams, S.L., Alley, S.J., Thwaite, T.L., Fenning, A.S., & Vandelanotte, C. (2020).
Depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19: associations with changes in physical activity, sleep, tobacco and
alcohol use in Australian adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17 (11), 4065
11. UNDP, NCDC, RTI International, WHO FCTC Secretariat, WHO, (2018). The case for investing in WHO FCTC
implementation in Georgia. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/people/health/WHO%20FCTC%20Implementation/The_Case_for_Investing_in_WHO_FCTC_Im
plementation_in_Georgia.pdf
12. Vanderbruggen, N., Matthys, F., Van Laere, S., Zeeuws, D., Santermans, L., Van den Ameele, S., & Crunelle, C.L. (2020).
Self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use during COVID-19 lockdown measures: results from a web-based survey.
Eur. Addict. Res., 26 (6), 309-315
13. WHO (2017). Georgia STEPS Survey 2016. Retrieved from https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.-
php/catalog/223/download/1972
14. WHO (2021). Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Addressing New and Emerging Products. World Health
Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/tobacco-control/global-tobacco-report-2021-
&publication=9789240032095
15. დაავადებათა კონტროლისა და საზოგადოებრივი ჯანმრთელობის ეროვნული ცენტრი (2019). თამბაქოს
მოხმარება საქართველოს ზრდასრულ მოსახლეობაში. ხელმისაწვდომია: https://ncdc.ge/Api/api/File/GetFile/22c5e2c0-36d9-4a08-975c-03fa09d21c2e
16. დაავადებათა კონტროლისა და საზოგადოებრივი ჯანმრთელობის ეროვნული ცენტრი (2020). ტაქსებში მოწევის
აკრძალვის საზოგადოებრივი მხარდაჭერის კვლევა. ხელმისაწვდომია: https://test.ncdc.ge/Handlers/GetFile.ashx?-
ID=3b1ad40f-99ea-42b3-8b52-4a07c5a35513
17. ფინანსთა სამინისტრო, შემოსავლების სამსახური (2022). ინფორმაცია შემოსავლების სამსახურისა და შერჩეული პირის მიერ გაცემული აქციზური მარკების რაოდენობისა და ტარის ყველა მოცულობის მიხედვით.
ხელმისავდომია: https://old.rs.ge/5905During this unprecedented public health crisis, stress and anxiety may cause current smokers to increase their tobacco use or former smokers to relapse. This study describes changes in smoking behavior among Georgian population in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Smoking prevalence decreased, while the main concern is for
smokers who increase their cigarette consumption due to increased mental distress caused by elevated health risks, lockdowns and social distancing practice
Impact of Corona-Pandemic on small business in Georgia: situation, challenges and opportunities (კორონა-პანდემიის გავლენა მცირე ბინესზე საქართველოში: მდგომარეობა, გამოწვევები და შესაძლებლობები)
No full text1. Ключкинклюзивномуиустойчивомувосстановлению. https://www.un.org/ru/observances/micro-small-medium-businesses-day.
2. უ.სამადაშვილი. მცირე და საშუალო ბიზნესის არსი და როლი თანამედროვე საქართველოს ეკონომიკაში.
ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი. №4б 2019 წ.გვ. 167-168.
3. ნილ ფერგიუსონი. პანდემიაზე, დამანგრეველი ის ეკონომიკური ზომებია, რომელიც მივიღეთ. 2020-06-11. წყარო:
https://commersant.ge/ge/post/pandemiaze-damangreveli-is-ekonomikuri-zomebia-romelic-miviget-amerikeli-profesori
4. Малый и средний бизнес Китая в условиях пандемии: комментарий эксперта.
5. Чепуренко:Как малый бизнес перенес нашествие коронавируса. https://rg.ru/2021/10/19/kak-perenes-malyj-biznesnashestvie-koronavirusa.htmlАлександр
6. Ключкинклюзивномуиустойчивомувосстановлениhttps://www.un.org/ru/observances/micro-small-medium-businesses-day].
7. საქართველოს სავაჭრო სამრეწველო პალატა. http://pmag.ge/ka/home/54--chamber-of-commerce-industry-geo.html
8. С. П. ЗЕМЦОВ А. А. МИХАЙЛОВ. ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА В РЕГИОНАХ
РОССИИ В ПЕРИОД КОРОНАКРИЗИСА. May 20, 2021
9. lВирус перемен: как малый бизнес России поменялся в пандемию и выиграл. 2020
10. Алексей Тиматков. Самые перспективные направления для бизнеса во время и после пандемии] https://rb.-
ru/story/biznes-posle-pandemii/. Алексей Тиматков.
11. COVID-19 ეკონომიკური შედეგები მსოფლიოსა დასაქართველოსთვის.
https://www.ge.undp.org/content/georgia/ka/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2021/covid-gender.html
12. მცირე და საშუალო ბიზნესი განვითარება უმთავრესი პრიორიტეტი. https://www.un.org/ru/observances/microsmall-medium-businesses-day
13. COVID 19-ის პანდემიის გავლენა საქართველოს ეკონომიკაზე რეგიონულ ჭრილში (თბილისი, აჭარა, იმერეთი,
კახეთი, შიდა ქართლი). 2020. https://eecmd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Policy-Paper_Covid-19.
14. განმეორებითი კვლევა: ქართული კომპანიები covid -19-ის პანდემიის წინაშე. კვლევა ჩატარდა ინვესტორთა
საბჭოს და EBRD-ის მხარდაჭერით. 2020
15. С. П. ЗЕМЦОВ А. А. МИХАЙЛОВ. ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА В РЕГИОНАХ
РОССИИ В ПЕРИОД КОРОНАКРИЗИСА. May 20, 2021
16. Разрушительные последствия пандемии для российской экономики.14 апреля 2020The present paper substantiates the relevance of the topic and defines the purpose and methods of the
research.The essence and importance of small business in the Georgian economy is explained; Justifiably why the
world and Georgia went to limit the spread of the virus, to maintain human health and life, and not to economic
recession. Analyzes and assesses the situation of small businesses in the context of restrictions imposed against the
spread of the corona-pandemic; It is shown that the corona-pandemic and restrictions on its spread dealt the first
and biggest blow to small businesses compared to large businesses. Particularly are affected small enterprises in the
sphere, which have a direct connection with buyers (clients). Various types of Georgian business are characterized
by how they slow down to adapt and change in the midst of pandemics, how they transform, change into a
completely new sphere of activity, save and become. Small business development prospects and main directions are
predicted after the completion of the Covid-Pandemic restrictive measures in Georgia. The main directions of
transformations based on the introduction of digital technologies in small businesses in Georgia are proposed. also,
key imperatives must be protected to accelerate business recover
THE FORMS WITH -mca (-oγw, -ow) PARTICLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH HYPOTACTIC CONSTRUCTION
No full textIn the Svan language, which is characterized by both archaism and
innovation, one of the noteworthy issues is the functions of the particle
-oγw/-ow (-mca) and its relation to the hypotactic construction.
According to the well-known viewpoint (Sh. Dzidziguri), the subordination
and subordinating connection with a conjunction between
the main and subordinate clauses reflects a relatively late stage of
language development. This theory is supported by the Svan language
data, as connection without a conjunction is still common in this
language even today (especially in the Lower Baldialect, which is the
least influenced by the literary language among the Svan dialects).
As is known, in the modern literary language, the particle -mca
appears mainly in phraseology, in fossilized forms, and in oral speech
(tumca “however’, isemc “may it’d…”, netamc “if only”...). From this standpoint, the situation in Svan is drastically different.
Obviously, the subjunctive mood forms of the verb (which substituted
the indicative mood verbs with the -mca particle in Georgian) are
also attested in Svan, but they are much less productive compared to
Georgian, and the forms with -mca (-oγw, -ow) particle are still used in
the screeves expressing the indicative mood.
The functions of the analytical particle can be summarized as
follows:
A. In a simple sentence, like Georgian, it expresses the content of
desire. That is why this type of phraseology (curse-blessing formulas, a
vocabulary of toasts...) always contains analytical forms.
B. It can substitute the particles of other’s speech;
C. In a compound subordinate clause, together with the Aorist II,
they can form a connection without conjunction.
In the author’s opinion, two circumstances contributed to the
preservation of this type of construction in Svan oral speech:
1. The presence of differences from Georgian inferential screeves in
the Svan language, which contain the understanding of conditionality
(suspiciousness, unconfirmed events) and no longer require relevant
conjunction (rom “that”, tu “if”, tuki “even if”...);
2. Active use of the constructions with -mca (-oγw, -ow) particle in
modern Svan speech.
Thus, one of the important syntactic functions of the -mca particle
can be considered to be the creation of a precondition for a
subordination without conjunction; this, in the author’s opinion, is
important from the standpoint of diachronic prospect, because it vividly
shows one of the development stages of the Kartvelian languages,
which is overshadowed in the literary language today.ნაშრომი შესრულებულია შოთა რუსთაველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო
ფონდის მიერ დაფინანსებული პროექტის „ინფორმაციული სტრუქტურა და
ქართველურ ენათა ჰიპოტაქსური მოდელები“ ფარგლებში/
The work was carried out within the framework of the project “Information
structure and hypotactic models of the Kartvelian languages”
funded by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
Some aspects of economic policy and its peculiarities in Georgia during COVID-19 pandemic (ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკის ზოგიერთი აქტუალური საკითხი COVID 19 პანდემიის პირობებში)
No full text1. პავლიაშვილი ს.(2009) - პრივატიზაციის ფენომენი და პრობლემები საქართველოში თბილისი. გვ. 23
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9. www. geostat.ge
10. www.Insurance gov.ge (სტატისტიკა)The lengthy process of transformation of the Georgian economy has fundamentally changed forms and conditions of business management, property ownership, market regulations, competition and economic activity, as well as distribution and redistribution of public wealth. This created new priorities in problem solving in the
system of economic relations.
The author believes that in Georgia, inclusiveness should become a major paradigm of the economic development. This means active engagement of citizens in economic development and fair distribution of generated wealth with the purpose to reduce the financial, economic, and social risks.
The author deems , that during pandemic and post-pandemic times the Georgian innovative entrepreneurs don’t avoid challenges and don’t lose professional interest towards the development of their businesses. In his opinion, it is necessary for the government to increase the scale of business startup financing programmes, improve
their targeting and provide more support to innovative ideas as well as promote these.
The article reviews some actual aspects of the regulation of financial markets, support to small and medium scale businesses, increase in employment and decrease in unemployment – the factors that are critically important for the economic development of Georgia , neutralization of pandemic causes and continuing the process of building civil society in the country