Dspace, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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GOTHIC HERO IN RUSSIAN ROMANTICISM
Get PDFA Gothic fiction work is subject to a certain canon (rhetorical,
motive-figurative, symbolic). The following characters are highlighted
among the normative ones: mythological: mythological; biblical; the
image of a fallen monk, a femme fatale, a demon, a ghost, a “werewolf”, a double, etc. Various types of heroes developed in the literature of
pre-romanticism were lately used in Russian romantic literature.
Gothic literature introduced the romantic hero, as well as all
variations of an antihero (demonic / fatal hero / feudal tyrant, etc.).
In the stories of A. A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, the common is the type of
feudal tyrant, characterized by despotism, self-will and cruelty. There
is also a type of cursed wanderer hero, a hero doomed to eternal
wanderings and eternal life.
More widely the type of the negative hero is found in Lermontov’s
works and remains relevant throughout his writing career. Some traits of
a fatal/demonic or infernal hero can be found in all of the Lermontov’s
characters.
Many of the hero types typical to some extent for Gothic literature
are depicted in Lermontov’s works – such as fatal hero, the type of
demonic hero, introduced by the subtypes of the martyr hero and the
infernal hero.
Gogol’s literary work is rich in fantasy-mythological and archetypal
motifs; the writer directly refers to folklore, myth and heroic epos in his
fantastic works. This constitutes a special feature of Gogol’s fiction in
the context of European Romanticism.
Fantastic prose by A. K. Tolstoy can be viewed as summary of the
most productive period of the Gothic tradition in the first third 19th
century’s Russian literature and also the comprehension both of
Western European Gothic and of Russian texts, held to a greater or
lesser degree in accordance with the Gothic canon.
The origin and development of the romantic hero in European and
Russian literature happened under the influence of Gothic literature.
Byron, portraying the hero, continued the Gothic tradition, in turn, the
Byronic poem had a direct impact on Russian romanticism
From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 – the way for sustainable development and welfare of Society 5.0
No full text1. World Economic Forum. Schools of the Future Defining New Models of Education for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Platform for Shaping the Future of the New Economy and Society, (2020), available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Schools_of_the_Future_Report_2019.pdf
2. World Economic Forum. Jobs of Tomorrow: The Triple Returns of Social Jobs in the Economic Recovery, White Paper, in collaboration with Accenture, (2022), available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Jobs_of_Tomorrow_2022.pdf
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4. World Economic Forum & JLL. Green Building Principles: The Action Plan for Net-Zero Carbon Buildings, (2021), available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Green_Building_Principles_2021.pdf
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6. McKinsey Global Institute. The net-zero transition. What it would cost, what it could bring. McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey Sustainability, & McKinsey’s Global Energy & Materials and Advanced Industries Practices, (2022), available at: https://www.mckinsey.com
7. Desire2Learn. The Future of Skills in the Age of 4th Industrial Revolution, (2019), available at: https://www.d2l.com
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9. Dominici, G. and Gagnidze, I. “Effectiveness of Entrepreneurial Universities: Experiences and Challenges in Digital Era (A Systemic Approach)”, Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, Vol. 19 No. 1, (2021), pp.13-30, DOI 10.7906/indecs.19.1.2
10. Papachashvili, N., Mikaberidze, T., Tavartkiladze M. and Roblek, V. “Industry 4.0 and the Challenges of Higher Education Programs in the Field of Business Administration”, Nata, R. V. (Ed.), Progress in Education, Vol. 68 Chapter 7, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, NY, (2021), pp. 171-202, DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/WPPN2619
11. Petrović, N., Roblek, V., Khokhobaia M. and Gagnidze, I. AR-Enabled Mobile Apps to Support Post COVID-19 Tourism. 2021 15th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications (TELSIKS), 2021, pp. 253-256, doi:10.1109/TELSIKS52058.2021.9606335
12. Lekashvili, E. and Bitsadze, M. “The Role of University Spin-Offs in the Success of Research Programs”, Nata, R. V. (Ed.), Progress in Education, Vol. 68 Chapter 4, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, NY, (2021), pp. 73-102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/WPPN2619
13. Sepashvili, E. Supporting digitalization: Key goal for national competitiveness in digital global economy. Economia Aziendale Online, Vol. 11 No. 2, (2020), pp. 191-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13132/2038-5498/11.2.191-198.
14. Seturidze, R. and Topuria, N. A way of developing collaboration between universities and businesses in a time of COVID-19, Kybernetes, Vol. 50 No. 5, pp. 1661-1678, (2021), https://doi.org/10.1108/K-08-2020-0518.
15. Sobolieva, T. and Harashchenko, N. Intellectual property indicators and renewable energy trends, Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 17-32, (2020), https://doi.org/10.33223/epj/127911.
16. Vesperi, W. and Gagnidze, I. The Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on the Higher Education System: Rethinking the Role of Universities, Nata, R. V. (Ed.), Progress in Education, Vol. 68 Chapter 6, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, NY, (2021), pp. 143-169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/WPPN2619.
17. Gogorishvili I. Small and Medium Enterprise Perspective in the Development of Digital Economy. E-Book of Abstract, Fifth Business Systems Laboratory International Symposium, Cocreating Responsible Futures in the Digital Age: Exploring new paths towards economic, social and environmental Sustainability, University “Federico II” of Naples, January 22-24, (2018), pp.255-257. ISBN 9788890824265 http://bslab-symposium.net/Napoli-2018/BOA-BSLAB-Symposium-2018.pdf
18. Natsvlishvili, I., Kharaishvili, E. and Lazariashvili, T. Impact of agro tourism on economic development of related sectors in the context of sustainable well-being (case of Georgia). International Journal of Markets and Business Systems, Vol.4 No.2, (2020). pp.120 – 139. DOI: 10.1504/IJMABS.2020.113122
19. Charekishvili, L. Lifelong Education and ICT in Georgia. IV International scientific and practical conference “Strategic Imperatives of Modern Management” (SIMM-2018), KNEY, Kyiv, 2018 pp.273-278. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/197267023.pdf
20. Gagnidze, I. The Numerous Challenges of the Post-COVID Economy, in Nedelko, Z. (Ed.), 6th FEB International Scientific Conference “Challenges in Economics and Business in the Post-COVID Times”, University of Maribor, Slovenia, pp. 11-19, (2022), DOI https://doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2022.2
21. Muller, J. Enabling Technologies for Industry 5.0. Results of a workshop with Europe’s technology leaders. Independent Expert Report”, European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, (2020), doi:10.2777/082634
22. Breque, M., De Nul, L. and Petridis, A. Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. European Commission. R&I paper series. Policy brief, (2021), https://op.europa.eu
23. Dixson-Decleve, S., Balland, P-A., Bria, F., Charveriat, C., Dunlop, K., Giovannini, E., Tataj, D., Hidalgo, C., Huang, A., Isaksson, D., Martins, F., Mir Roca, M., Morlet, A., Renda, A. and Serger, S. Industry 5.0: A Transformative Vision for Europe ESIR Policy Brief No. 3, European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Independent Expert Report, (2022), ISBN 978-92-76-43352-1; KI-BE-21-005-EN-N; doi:10.2777/17322
24. Potočan, V., Mulej, M. and Nedelko, Z. Society 5.0: balancing of Industry 4.0, economic advancement and social problems”, Kybernetes, Vol. 50 No. 3, (2021), pp. 794-811. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2019-0858
25. Konno, N. and Schillaci, C.E. Intellectual capital in Society 5.0 by the lens of the knowledge creation theory, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 22 No. 3, (2021), pp. 478-505. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2020-0060
26. Deguchi, A., Hirrai, Ch., Matsuoka, H., Nakano, T., Oshima, K., Tai, M. and Tani, Sh. What Is Society 5.0?. In: Society 5.0. Springer, Singapore, (2020), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2989-4_1
27. Varian H. R. Intermediate Microeconomics. A modern Approach. Eight Edition. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., (2010), ISBN 978-0-393-93424-3
28. Begg, D., Fischer, S. and Dornbusch, R. Economics, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, London, 1991
29. Towards a Sustainable Europe by 2030, Reflection Paper. COM (2019) 22 final. Brussels, 30.1.2019. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:21b348d0-261f-11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PD
30. McKinsey&Company. How a post-pandemic stimulus can both create jobs and help the climate. Public & Social Sector and Sustainability Practices. McKinsey&Company, (2020), available at: https://www.mckinsey.comThe concepts of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Industrial Revolution 5.0 are discussed in the paper. As a result of Industry 5.0, the welfare of Society 5.0 is described by the model developed by the author. The model combines the approaches by H.R. Varian (2010) and by D. Begg, S. Fischer, and R. Dornbush (1991)
Theoretical economy and economic growth (თეორიული ეკონომიკა და ეკონომიკური ზრდა)
No full text1. პაპავა ვ., 2020. კორონომიკა და თვისებრივად ახალი ეკონომიკური კრიზისი. ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი, ტომი XII,
გვ. 13-16
2. გრეგორი მენქიუ(2008), ეკონომიკის პრინციპები,
3. საქსტატის მონაცემები
4. საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია.The work concerns the theoretical economy and economic growth. Explores the processes of the Pandemic
Corona in the conditions of the economy. Holds what problems prevent the economy in terms of globalization and
how to overcome them. Things to bring economy to the development. What kind of economic package should we
use for improvement and economic growth of life
Agroinsurance: achievements and challenges of state-implemented policies
No full text1. კოვზანაძე ი. საქართველოს სოფლის მეურნეობის ფინანსური უზრუნველყოფის პოლიტიკა
თანამედროვე ეტაპზე. ჟურ. „ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი“ 2019;
2. ნონიაძე ა. როგორ გავხადოთ სოფლის მეურნეობა პერსპექტიული დარგი საქართველო שი-
აგროსექტორის დაზღვევის საერთა שორისო გამოცდილება. 15.08.2019;
3. საქართველოს მთავრობის 2014 წლის 19 აგვისტოს განკარგულება №1462 „აგროდაზღვევის
მიზნით განსახორციელებელი ღონისძიებების שესახებ“, თბ., 2014;
4. საქართველოს მთავრობის 2015 წლის 19 თებერვლის განკარგულება №306 „აგროდაზღვე-
ვის პროგრამის დამტკიცების שესახებ“, თბ., 2015;
5. საქართველოს მთავრობის 2020 წლის 10 აპრილის №236 დადგენილება „აგროდაზღვევის
პროგრამის დამტკიცების שესახებ“, თბ., 2020;
6. საქართველოს გარემოს დაცვისა და სოფლის მეურნეობის სამინისტროს 2018-2019-2020
წლის წლიური ანგარი שი;
7. საქართველოს გარემოს დაცვისა და სოფლის მეურნეობის სამინისტრო, აგროდაზღვევის
განვითარების სტრატეგია 2021-2024;
8. http://census.ge/files/results/agriculture/AG%20Census%20Release.pdf
9. https://www.atlas-mag.net/en/article/agricultural-insurance-products-and-schemes
https://agroseguro.esWe consider it expedient for the more complete development of agro-insurance:
The state should develop an information plan (campaign) together with insurance companies,
which will help raise the level of knowledge among farmers and small entrepreneurs. The
participants in the campaign must be professionals in order to generate a high level of interest
among farmers in terms of the state agro-insurance program;
Making the insurance product even cheaper – making the insurance product available to farmers;
Addition of insurance risks – for the development of the industry, it is necessary to add other risks,
namely frost in the winter season, fire and earthquake;
Partial compulsory insurance of agro insurance – the government of Georgia should develop a plan
within the framework of the state program, within the framework of which insurance will be
mandatory based on some criteria, for example, a farmer who cultivates more than 10,000
hectares should have agro insurance for him
Peculiarities of Pronunciation of Georgian Voiced Plosive Consonants
No full textIn the initial position, voiced plosives (b, d, g) are fully voiced in languages
in which a voiced consonant is opposed to an unaspirated voiceless consonant,
these are – French, Spanish, Russian, Danish, Hungarian, etc. On the other
hand, in such systems of plosives which contain a voiceless aspirated plosive,
the phase of occlusion of an initial voiced consonant is voiceless or rarely
partially voiced.
As a result of acoustic analysis of the Georgian voiced plosives (b-ბ, d-დ,
g-გ) in initial position it becomes obvious that the phase of occlusion may be
partially voiceless or voicing of the vocal cords may begin after the plosion.
Voiced occlusion is more typical for the labial consonant, which is a natural
phenomenon due to the mechanism of work of vocal cords.
In an intervocalic position, Georgian voiced consonants retain voicing of
all phases.
In the process of pronunciation of Georgian final voiced consonants, the
occlusion phase may be fully voiced, partially or fully voiceless. In this case the
difference with respect to an aspirated consonants (ph, th, kh) is manifested in
the short duration of occlusion phase and noise.
This peculiarity confirms the viewpoint of Giorgi Akhvlediani (1999: 357)
concerning “voiceless mediae”.
As a general conclusion it should be noted that during articulation of
voiced plosives the work of vocal cords is determined not only by articulatoryphysiological
characteristics, but by paradigmatic peculiarities of the plosive
consonants’ system as well
The role of social responsibility of business in the development of Georgian economy (ბიზნესის სოციალური პასუხისმგებლობის როლი საქართველოს ეკონომიკის განვითარებაში)
No full text1. ბიზნესსექტორი საქართველო שი 2020. https://www.geostat.ge/media/35014/Krebuli-2020.pdf.
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სი“, თბილისი, 2012.
5. საქართველოს კანონი „სურსათად/ცხოველის საკვებად განკუთვნილი გენეტიკურად მოდი-
ფიცირებული ორგანიზმებისა და მათგან წარმოებული გენმოდიფიცირებული პროდუქტის
ეტიკეტირების წესი“, თბილისი, 2014.
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მცენარეთა დაცვის კოდექსი“, თბილისი, 2012.
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https://meliora.ge/uploads/faqs/Guide%20for%20the%20Applicants%202020%20GEO.pdf
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– სურსათის ეტიკეტირების წესის שესახებ“, თბილისი, 2016.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320566372_biznesis_sotsialuri_pasukhismgebloba_da_kristianoba
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მძღვანელო მცირე და სა שუალო კომპანიებისათვის. საქართველოს სტრატეგიული კვლევე-
ბისა და განვითარების ცენტრი (CSRDG). თბილისი, საქართველო.
https://csogeorgia.org/storage/app/uploads/public/5cd/c9b/b9a/5cdc9bb9af642992668335.pdf
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field of study. International journal of management reviews, 20(1), 32-61.
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Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, pp.135-140.
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Scientific and Practical Conference –Strategic Imperatives of Modern Management (SIMM-2018). Kiev,
Ukraine, pp. 42-44.
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4th International Scientific and Practical Conference –Strategic Imperatives of Modern Management
(SIMM-2018). Kiev, Ukraine, 345-351.
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Sustainable Development and Sustainable Marketing. Ecoforum.
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in Georgia. In Proceedings of Business Systems Laboratory-7th International Symposium-Socio-Economic
Ecosystems: Challenges for Sustainable Development in the Digital Era. University of Alikante, Spain.
18. Mghebrishvili, B., Mghebrishvili, A., & Atoshvili, T. (2020). Care about Environment Protection in the
Conditions of Effectiveness of Sustainable Development Conception (Example of Georgia). In
Proceedings of 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference –Strategic Imperatives of Modern
Management (SIMM-2020). Kiev, Ukraine, pp. 345-351.
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of International Scientific Symposium „Economics, Business & Finance“, Jurmala, Latvia, pp.
135-138.
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Environmental Performance: Mediating Roles of Environmental Strategy and Environmental
Outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 3139.The article describes the issues of social responsibility of business in three directions: compliance with the
requirements of marketing ethics, protection of the environment, participation in the solution of social
problems of society. The article, based on the analysis of the current situation, shows the necessity of raising
business responsibility in Georgia. In this regard, attention is focused on the issue of increasing the
responsibility of individual citizens in environmental protection, which, in turn, requires the activation of
governmental structures and non-governmental organizations. According to the authors of the article,
increasing the role of business in solving the social problems facing the society will help both the people
employed in the business, as well as consumers and the whole society to compensate for the material and
moral losses caused by the coronavirus pandemic
THE MEASURES OF EREKLE II FOR SUPPRESSION OF “LEKIANOBA” AND ITS RESULTS (1735-1783)
No full texthttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/177-shromebi-18.htmlIncursion of Dagestani mountaineers was a serious challenge for the 18th century East Georgia. Special term “Lekianoba” was used to denote Dagestani inroads in Georgia. It was tough task to stop these inroads just as taking hostages and seizure of their wealth were main source of income for the Leks (common term used in Georgia that denotes Dagestani mountaineers). Kings of Kartli and Kakheti – Teimuraz II and Erekle II were fighting against these inroads vigorously. But, after unification of Kartli and Kakheti in 1762 as united sole Kingdom, Erekle II confronted this problem more enthusiastically. As we see from primary sources, Erekle use to confront inroads from Dagestani mountaineers with more complex scheme and alongside with military activities used economic means as well.
Issues of “Lekianoba” are discussed almost in all those works which deals with a history of the 18th century East Georgia. But, the main focus of those works are military actions and, generally, warfare. The economic measures that were used by Kartli-Kakheti kings for cessation of inroads of Dagestani mountaineers was also studied. But despite the interest over these problems, in the most cases, economic issues and, generally, details of peace policy of Erekle II were researched separately.
Based on the materials preserved in the primary sources, alongside with military actions in 1760s Erekle II assigned modest salary to the lords of Dagestani mountaineers, hence it was a way to satisfy their economic needs. Complex approach was successful and much profit was gained from these measures, frequency of “Lekianoba” was significantly decreased.
Erekle II was involved in war against the Ottoman Empire on the behalf of the Russian Empire, as a result of it all his success was obliterated. Under the Ottomans initiation inroads of Dagestani mountaineers reached its formal heights.
Inroads of Dagestani mountaineers was decreased through establishment of specials military unit called “Patrol Army” in 1774. Alongside with these measures production of silver and copper were increased in Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom, also more manufacture type of “factories” were established that facilitated the increase of state revenue. From 1778 onwards Erekle II massively assigned salaries to Dagestani mountaineers. As we see from the documents, King established peaceful relations with Avar Nutsal and free countryside communities of Dagestan neighboring Kartli-Kakheti. To sum up, approximately 440 local Dagestani chieftains and, also their subjects were subsidized by Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom. As a result of these measures Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom created protection shield around its borders that included Western Dagestan and, partially, central mountainous part of the same region. Erekle II also granted free trade rights to Dagestani people in Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom. These measures increased their economic dependence on Georgia. These measures facilitated the establishment of peace.
As we see from the examination of primary sources, after taking all these measures “Lekianoba” almost completely ceased to exist in Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom. Erekle frequently used to hire Dagestani mercenaries in this period, hence they were used to serve for Kartli-Kakheti Kingdom. This condition was maintained until summer 1783. Very soon after concluding the Treaty of Georgievsk Dagestani mountaineers resumed their inroads as a result of the Ottoman encouragement
Conflicts in marketing channels and consequential threats (კონფლიქტები მარკეტინგულ არხებში და მისგან მომდინარე საფრთხეები)
No full text1. ასათიანი თ., ბერეკაშვილი დ., მშვიდობაძე რ., ნიჟარაძე გ. როგორ მოვაგვაროთ კონფლიქტები (2000). გამოშვება
I. კონფლიქტებისა და მოლაპარაკებების საერთაშორისო კვლევითი ცენტრი (ICCN), თბილისი. http://www.iccn.-
ge/files/rogor_movagvarot_konfliqtebi_i_2000_full.pdf
2. კოტლერი ფ., კელერი კ. (2015). მარკეტინგის მენეჯმენტი. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან ქართულ ენაზე პროფ. ნ.
თოდუას სამეცნიერო რედაქტორობით, თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა.
3. მღებრიშვილი ბ. (2010). მარკეტინგი და კრიზისული სიტუაციების მართვა. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322754232_MARKETING_AND_MANAGAMENT_OF_THE_CRISIS_SITUATION
4. ნიჟარაძე გ., მშვიდობაძე რ., ასათიანი თ., ციხისთავი თ. (2010). კონფლიქტები. კონფლიქტებისა და მოლაპარაკებების საერთაშორისო კვლევითი ცენტრი (ICCN), თბილისი. http://www.iccn.ge/files/konfliqtebi_2010_geo_full.pdf
5. ქეშელაშვილი გ., ჯიბუტი მ. (2020). საქართველოს მთავრობის ანტიკრიზისული ეკონომიკური გეგმა და ბიზნესის გამოწვევები კორონავირუსის პირობებში, ივ. ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის, პაატა გუგუშვილის სახელობის ეკონომიკის ინსტიტუტის საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო კონფერენციები,,ეკონომიკა_XXIსაუკუნე“,
http://conferenceconomics.tsu.ge/?mcat=1&cat=pers&leng=ge&adgi=1069&title=საქართველოს%20მთავრობის%20ანტიკრ
იზისული%20ეკონომიკურიგეგმა%20და%20ბიზნესის%20გამოწვევები%20კორონავირუსის%20%20პირობებში
6. შუბლაძე გ., მღებრიშვილი ბ., წოწკოლაური ფ. (2008). მენეჯმენტის საფუძვლები. გამომცემლობა „უნივერსალი“,
თბილისი.
7. Palmatier Robert, W., Sivadas Eugene, Stern Louis, W., and El-Ansary Adel, I. (2020). Marketing Channel Strategy. An
Omni Channel Approach. Routledge, New York and London.
8. Штерн Л., В., Эль-Ансари А., И., Кофлан Э., Т. (2002). Маркетинговые каналы. Пер. с англ. Изд. дом „Вильямс“,
Москва.Any area of human life, including marketing channels, is full of controversy, differences of opinions, sometimes even hostility and aggression. Properly managing such manifestation of conflicts can bring positive results for both marketing channel participants and consumers. Marketing channel participants can see their and their rivals’ strengths and weaknesses during conflict situations. These allow them to progress their activities in the
right direction in the future. The authors believe that the problem is not the existence of a conflict situation; the problem is its aggravation and lack of interest in solving it. The authors believe that the desire to resolve the conflict, in any area of life, is an indicator of a high cultural level of society and a necessary precondition for positive development
Strategies of human resource development (ადამიანური რესურსების განვითარების სტრატეგიები: არსი, შემუშავება და დანერგვა)
No full text1. პაიჭაძე ნ. ადაქმიანური რესურსების მართვა, თბ.,2019.
2. АрмстронгМ.Управление человеческими ресурсами. 10-е издание. Перевод с анлийского. М., 2012.
3. Delery J. E., Doty H. D. Modes of theorizinq in strategic human resource manaqement: tests of
universality, contingency and configurational perfomanse predictions, International Journal of Human
Resource Management, 6,pp.656-670, 1996.
4. Richardson R., Thompson M. The Impact of People Management Practices on, 1999.
5. Cappelli P., Crocker-Hefter A., Distinctive human resources are firms’ core competencies, Organizational
Dynamics, winter, pp.7-22, 1996.
6. Dyer L., Holder G. W. Strategic human resource management and planning, in L. Dyer (ed) Human
Resource management: Evolving roles and responsibilities, Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, DC,
1998.In this article are analyzed such issues of human resources, which are related to the Strategies of
Human Resource Development, as: the essence of the Strategies of Human Resource Development,
approaches to processing the Strategies of Human Resource Development (the best practical decisions , the
best compliance method, "To bundle in one knot"), methodology for processing human resource development
strategies, their presentation and implementation
Georgia’s Transit Corridor and its Neighboring Countries
No full textSince the early years of independence, Georgia has been involved in TRACECA (Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia), established in 1993 at the initiative of the European Union in order to diversify transport corridors passing through Russia and promote the independent development of Post-Soviet states.
Georgia’s favorable transport-geographical location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia creates beneficial conditions for the Transcaucasian corridor development.
Georgia’s railway, sea, automobile and pipeline transports are fully involved in transport corridors. In the 21-st century, new transport flows passing through Georgia joined the Transcaucasian corridor:
• Baku–Supsa and Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipelines;
• Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum (Shah Deniz) and North-South (Russia-Georgia-Armenia) gas pipelines;
• Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway, which is the part of “Iron Silk Road”;
• Trans-Caspian East-West Middle Corridor.
Georgia is interested in involvement in the transport corridor project “Chinese Initiative - One Belt - One Road” (BRI) and tries to persuade partner countries of the reliability, safety, cheapness and flexibility of routes passing through Georgia.
China is looking for the shortest and most profitable routes to implement the project, while some other countries are trying to get involved in the project expecting to profit from transit cargo passing through them.
In the research, issues of expediency of relocation to Georgian territory of cargo flowing from China and Central Asian countries to Europe via Russia are discussed; the turnover of the Transcaucasian corridor by types of transport is examined and the geography of cargo is discussed.
Military and political conflicts hamper unhindered cargo flows. Thus, the relocation of cargo flows to the
Georgian multimodal corridor will create increased safety guarantees for producer countries, while for Georgia, economic benefits from attracting cargo and increasing its volume will increase the budget revenues.
To reach this goal, Georgia has to attract partner countries with guaranteed protection of the cargo, fast shipment, the safety of routes and high capacit