Dspace, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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The role of sector accounts in the progressive alignment of Georgia with the European statistical system
Get PDF1. Mindorashvili, M., The role of household sector key indicators in macroeconomic analysis.
shorturl.at/qszW3 Scientific Publication, Teaching Statistics and Statistical Researches in Georgia,
2018. 131-134.
E-references:
1. Bank of International Settlements, Development of financial sectoral accounts,
https://www.bis.org/ifc/publ/ifcwork15.pdf
2. Eurostat, GDP and main aggregates-international data cooperation annual data,
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sector-accounts
3. European Central Bank (ECB), Statistics for all institutional sectors in Euro area,
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pdf/ffi/ecb.eaefd_full2022q2_annex_1~214cb411f5.en.pdf
4. Geostat, National Strategy for the Development of Official Statistics of Georgia,
https://www.geostat.ge/media/30076/NSDS-2020-2023-_ENG.pdf
5. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Non-financial Accounts,
https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/
6. United Nations (UN), National Accounts: a practical introduction, (NY) 2003,
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/seriesF_85.pdf
7. United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), The System of National Accounts 2008, (NY) 2009,
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/SNA2008.pdfThe development of sector accounts within the system of national accounts is the high
on the Development Strategy of the National System of Official Statistics of Georgia and the global
policy agenda as well. The System of National Accounts (SNA) is a comprehensive, consistent and
flexible set of macroeconomic accounts to meet the needs of government, policy-makers, decisionstakers
and private-sector analysts. National accounts provide information to analyze the structure of
economies and their development over time. SNA promotes the integration of economic and related
statistics in a system that is based on consistent economic and statistical concepts and methods. As
such, it allows domestic and international comparative analysis, helps economists to measure the level
of economic development and the rate of economic growth, the change in consumption, saving,
investment, debts and wealth for not only the total economy but also each of its institutional sectors.
Institutional sector accounts present a complete and consistent set of data for sectors, which combine
institutional units with broadly similar characteristics and behavior. The role of sector accounts is
extremely important in constructing the comprehensive system of national accounts of any countries.
As Georgian statistics is on its starting point to develop sector accounts, current abstract emphasizes
the needs of sharing the best practice of the EU countries in compilation of sector accounts and making
comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, progressive alignment of the statistical system of Georgia with
the European Statistical System is defined by the EU-Georgia Association Agreement in order to ensure
integrity and comparability of official statistics at the global level
Amendments of the Labor Code of Georgia: prohibition of discrimination
Get PDFhttps://web-api.parliament.ge/storage/files/shares/kvleviti-centri/kvlevebi/2/diskriminacia.pdfThe document analyses the norms regulating direct and indirect discrimination; reasonable accommodation based on disability; protection of part-time employees from discrimination; maternity leave; allocation of the burden of proof in discrimination cases; affirmative action; adjustments based on religion; prohibition of sexual harassment and harassment
КАВКАЗ В ЗАПИСЯХ И КАРТИНАХ ЕВРОПЕЙЦЕВ XIX ВЕКА
Get PDFDedicated to the centenary of Mikhail Lokhvitsky (Adzhuk-Girey)The creations of three Europeans who came to the Caucasus, including Georgia, with different missions are interesting: the paintings left by Heinrich Theodor Welle, a member of a scientific expedition organized by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences at the beginning of the century, are unique; Paintings and letters of the artist Teodor Horschelt, who fought against the peoples of the North Caucasus in 1858-1862, are important for studying the history of the Caucasian War. as part of the army of the Russian Empire; The drawings of Ernst Haeckel, a world-famous scientist, zoologist who came to Georgia on a trip in 1897, are made with amazing simplicity
ABOUT ONE ASPECT OF MARRIAGE PREREQUISITE IN SAMEGRELO
Get PDFhttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/177-shromebi-18.htmlMarriage in Samegrelo had a prerequisite – taking into consideration some prohibitive and inhibitive factors. Prohibitive factors included the results of the practice of “Ginochama” – asking justice to the “gods” or “icons”, also connection between two clans, or lineages which is based on the worship of the same shrine and/or practicing the same “Khvama” (prayal). Christian rites and artificially made kinship through baptize and wedding also played a role. Social inequality and memory of the same ancestry served mostly as inhibitive factors. The memory about these aspects existed in some cases while in other cases it was absent and we established the connection based on archival materials.
Modern ethnographic situation possibly will change under the influence of globalization, migration and many other factors, therefore, in-depth study of the issue in our opinion is very urgent and necessary. The paper is an attempt of analysis of modern situation which is very much influenced by traditions
Language and Terminology and Literary Studies in 17th Century France and Georgia (Comparative Study)
No full textIn the history of many nations such genre as language praise has its particular place. According to my observations, in the most of nations, the works of this type have been created in the critical period for nations. Chronologically, Praise and Exaltation of the Georgian Language was created earlier (10th century), than such literature of the other Christian nations, though, now, we shall focus on the most important text of French Renaissance, recognized as the first literary Manifesto, Défense et illustration de la langue française” (1549). The author of Manifesto states that the French language is quite flexible, sonorous and powerful and that it needed only enrichment and ennoblement. Defense and Illustration of the French Language is full of love to the native land and pride for its success, gained with its power, full of pride for endless internal capabilities. The author dreams about the development of the French language so that the French language and literature achieved the level suitable to the social, economic and spiritual development of the country. The Epoch of the Renaissance was changed by Baroque. We should admit that the French literary life of that period is extremely interesting, especially regarding the terminology of literary studies, formed within the requirements of each individual genre. Terminology of literary studies of the French Baroque epoch has interesting parallels in Georgian Baroque literature: in the prosaic foreword of Archil’s Conversation between Teimuraz and Rustaveli, Archil briefly formulated his literary views: “… not praise but the truth (…), as usual for the bored man, inventing of things and following the emotions and I preferred to verify this true story, instead of the invented fake and there is no lie written here, except for the direct conversation between a King and Rustaveli”. In our paper, Archil’s terminology of literary studies – ‘true’, ‘fabulous’, ‘story’ – is discussed in the context of Sitkvis Kona by Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani, i.e. in the aspect of the definitions offered by that period
WLADIMIR KAMINER: “A GERMAN WRITER OF RUSSIAN ORIGIN” WITH HYBRID LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY
Get PDFWladimir Kaminer, who was born in Moscow and later emigrated to
Germany, achieved significant success through integration in the “new”
motherland. He carried out successful literary activities and also had
his own programs on Berlin television.
Special mention should be made of the linguistic aspect of W.
Kaminer’s literary texts, his manner of writing, which is a subject of
research and discussions in the contemporary German scholarly
literature. On the example of W. Kaminer’s stories (“Travel to Trulala“), the
paper analyzes the peculiarities of Kaminer’s style, the language of his
works – vocabulary, especially the author’s neologisms and phraseology,
distinguished by diverse usage both structurally and semantically.
W. Kaminer applies various ways of modification of neologisms and
phraseological units (substitution, addition, contamination). All this is
combined with the slight irony so peculiar of his writing style.
W. Kaminer’s literary text is comprised of unusual language variants
and concepts, strange characters and situations. All this enables a
completely new vision of conventional values.
W. Kaminer’s works are characterized by literary bilingualism,
where Russian and German cultures and languages are opposed. W.
Kaminer writes in German, but his works are addressed to both German
and Russian readers; hence, actualization of cultural layers of both
languages.
Apart from literary bilingualism, W. Kaminer addresses the issues
of cultural relations and national-cultural identity, the wish to reject
this identity and join a hybrid culture, overcoming the cultural-ethnical
borders. Being a writer of intercultural direction, W. Kaminer tries to
demonstrate his hybrid mentality in his works. He expresses doubts
regarding cultural stereotypes and underlines not only the negative but
also positive aspects of intercultural relations. In this regard, W. Kaminer
outlines issues like the Russian space, character and stereotypes, old
and new waves of migration, the phenomena of “stranger” and “the
third space” and so on. With his usual humour, he describes travels to various countries. These travels are imaginary and based on the writer’s
fantasy and associative thinking, interwoven in the artistic tissue of his
stories with great tact and humour. W. Kaminer’s style, humour and
mentality form different aspects of his “collective subconscious.
THE ISSUE OF MOVING THE SYNTACTIC BOUNDARY IN MEGRELIAN BASED ON THE HYPOTACTIC CONSTRUCTION WITH CONJUCTION-PARTICLE -ნი/-ni
Get PDFIn Megrelian, -ნი /-ni/ is a subordinating conjunction-particle. It is
polysemantic and, from the functional-semantic viewpoint, is closest
to the Georgian conjunction „რომ“ /rom/ “that”. In Megrelian, there
are four possible cases of distribution of the main and subordinate
components in hypotactic constructions with member-conjunctions. Out
of these four, three cases are similar to Georgian, whereas the fourth–
main clause+subordinate clause+correlate is specifically Megrelian.
The peculiar features of the subordinate clauses with conjunction
-ნი /-ni/ are the prosodcally marked subordinate clause and the
position of the correlate. In particular, the conjunction enclitic -ნი
/-ni/ is added to the verb-predicate of the subordinate clause, which
is followed by the correlate. Therefore, the order of the main and
subordinate components is as follows:
a. main clause+subordinate clause+correlate:
(1) bošik do ӡγabik kidirules, kila’apesə.V-ni.SUB ukuli.CORR
(Khubua:207, 34-35)
“The boy and the girl fell asleep after they had played”.
b. subordinate clause+correlate+main clause:
(2) oseršek geetu.V-n.SUB ukuli.CORR, te boši mide’ones danǯiruša
(Khubua:280, 24)
“When the supper was over, the boy was taken to bed”.
In both cases, the traditional syntactic boundary is moved: the
verb-predicate with the conjunction -ნი /-ni/ forms a syntagm with
the correlate. All this is pronounced with one common intonation. The structures under analysis are diff erent, although they have similar
grounds for moving the syntactic boundary. This is due to the contacting
position of the conjunction -ნი /-ni/ and the correlate
THE BINARY OPPOSITION MY/OTHER IN GURAM RCHEULISHVILI’S STORY “A DEATH IN THE MOUNTAINS”
Get PDFივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაIn 1957, the German writer Alfred Kurella came to visit Khevsureti, Georgia,
with his family. Georgian writer Guram Rcheulishvili appeared a direct
witness of the tragedy unfolding here. His sensational story, “A Death in
the Mountains” ,that was based on real events was written shortly after the
1957 incident. “A Death in the Mountains” was published in literary magazine
“Tsiskari” in 1958, during the writer’s lifetime.
Keen travelers and adventurers – the family (mother, father and son),
found themselves in an amazing spot, in the highlands of Khevsureti, looking
forward to seeing the celebrations of Saint’s days and attending rituals.
However, an unexpected accident during horse racing turned out to be
tragic for Alfred Kurella’s wife and her life came to an end on the rocks of
Khevsureti.
Death in the mountains is alien to the Georgian writer, because closeness
to the mountains is a vital force and “he is surprised both by death
and life, which he encountered there.” If others are surprised by the calm
and balanced behavior of the German writer, the Georgian writer feels the
weight of Kurella’s grief and even sympathizes with the German writer, who
restrains himself in every possible way so as not to disturb others with his
grief. As Rcheulishvili puts it: “keeps grief in perspective.”
The experience of death unites the characters. Both Georgian and German
writer, are the main characters in the space of a literary text. With
their experiences with other characters of the story, we can talk about the
development of the binary opposition “my/ other” in this story. We consider that the mentioned opposition is particularly interesting
in the handwritten copy of the story (so-called rough version), where
we paid attention to the extended internal monologue of the protagonist,
which was not included in the story. On this issue, it is also important to
analyze Guram Rcheulishvili’s personal letter to Alfred Kurella
Economic development of the South Caucasus countries in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic (სამხრეთ კავკასიის ქვეყნების ეკონომიკური განვითარება COVID-19 პანდემიის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. თ.შენგელია. ბიზნესის განვითარების პერსპექტივები კოვიდპანდემით გამოწვეული კრიზისის პირობებში.
2021. თსუ პაატა გუგუშვილის სახელობის ეკონომიკის ინსტიტუტის კრებულში: „XXI საუკუნის ეკონომიკური,
სოციალური, ეკოლოგიური და ტექნოლოგიური გამოწვევები“. თბ.
2. თ.შენგელია. 2021. COVID-19 ზეგავლენა სამხრეთ კავკასიის ქვეყნების ეკოლოგიურ ეკონომიკურ განვითარებაზე. კრებულში: გლობალიზაციის გამოწვევები ეკონომიკასა და ბიზნესში, თსუ.
3. თ.შენგელია. მცირე ბიზნესის განვითარების პერსპექტივები კოვიდპანდემით გამოწვეული გაურკვევლობისა
პირობებში. 2021, ჟ. გლობალიზაცია და ბიზნესში. თბ.
4. თ.შენგელია. 2020. გლობალური ეკონომიკის რეცესია და საქართველოს პოსტვირუსული განვითარება. ჟ.
კონომიკა და ბიზნესი, № 2, ტომი 12
5. თ.შენგელია. 2020. კორონავირუსის მსოფლიო გეოგრაფია და საქართველოს ეკონომიკის პერსპექტივები.
კრებული „კორონომიკა: ეკონომიკური მეცნიერების და ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკის თანამედროვე გამოწვევები“.თბ.
6. საქართველოს მთავრობის ანტიკრიზისული გეგმა. https://jam-news.net/
7. Shengelia T., Berishvili K., Jganjgava K.2021 ANTI-CRISIS STRATEGY CAUSED BY UNCERTAINTY OF THE SMALL
BUSINESSES UNDER THE COVID-19. J. Sciences of Europe№ 81 (Vol.2),
8. Shengelia T. 2020. The post-coronavirus economy of the world and Georgia. Economic and Business # 12. TSU.
9. EDRD monitor assesses resilience of emerging economies to Covid-19. – EBRD.com, 04.04.2020. URL: https://www.ebrd.-
com/news/2020/ebrd-monitor-assesses-resilie
10. Regional Economic Prospects in the EBRD Regions. April 2020. Covid-19: From shock to recovery. – EBRD.com, April
2020. URL: https://www.ebrd.com/what-we-do/economic-research-and-data/rep.html
11. Fitch А, подтвердив рейтинг Армении, ухудшило прогноз. – ИА «Финмаркет», 06.04.2020. URL:
http://www.finmarket.ru/database/news/5208846
12. Программа содействия 14+. Кому и как помогают власти Армении в условиях COVID-1. 2021. URL: https://newsarmenia.am/news/koshelek/programmy-sodeystviya-14-komu-i-kak
13. МВФ: экономика Азербайджана пострадает меньше мировой. – Sputnik Азербайджан, 28.04.2021. URL:
https://az.sputniknews.ru/economy/20200428/423765217
14. Багирова Н, Антидзе М. Коронавирус, низкие цены на нефть наносят ущерб экономики Азербайджана – эксперты.
– MSN.com, 07.04.2020. URL: https://www.msn.com/ru-ru/news/other/
15. МВФ: экономика Азербайджана пострадает меньше мировой. – Sputnik Азербайджан, 28.04.2021. URL:
https://az.sputniknews.ru/economy/20200428/423765217
16. Косев И. Коронавирус и экономика стран Южного Кавказа. Предварительный обзор. – Кавказский Узел, 11.04.2020.
URL: https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/blogs/83781/posts/42649
17. Джанишвили Э. Антикризисная программа Азербайджана составляет 2,5 млрд манатов. – Trend, 02.04.2020. URL:
https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3215505.htmlConsequently, from an economic, the states of the South Caucasus are suffering significant losses due to the
crisis caused by the Cov pandemic.The governments of these countries are taking steps to mitigate its effects,
which is reflected in programs aimed at mitigating the economic losses caused by COVID-19 and the economic and
social development of the countries of the South Caucasuscountries.Despite the steps taken in this regard, the
economic situation of these countries remains difficult, largely dependent on endogenous and exogenous factors
that are emerging in the world economy as a whole, on the competent management of local opportunities and
resources.The approaches and strategies implemented by the countries are heterogeneous.Georgia lags behind
Armenia and Azerbaijan in managing the pandemic crisis, which is reflected in the living standards of the
country's population, massiveunemployment, local currencies, a decrease in investment activity and the growth of
external debt.State programs can be assessed in different ways, and their criticism from the expert community is
undoubtedly acceptable, but the active work of state institutions remains the decisive factor in solving emerging
problems
Mortality and life duration of the population of Georgia under COVID 19 conditions (საქართველოს მოსახლეობის მოკვდაობა და სიცოცხლის ხანგრძლივობა კოვიდ 19-ის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. Khmaladze Merab, G. M. (2021). COVID-19 AND LIVING STANDARD OF THE POPULATION OF GORGIA.
Kiev.
2. ახალაია, ნ. (2009). გორის მოსახლეობა. თბილისი.
3. დემოგრაფიული სიტუაცია საქართველოში 2020 წელს. (2021). თბილისი.
4. ხმალაძე, მ. (1995). საქართველოს მოსახლეობის აღწარმოების კანონზომიერებები და ეკონომიკური შედეგები.
თბილისი.
5. ხმალაძე, მ. (2009). დემოგრაფია. თბილისი• As a result of the pandemic, the negative natural increase in 2019-2020 was 4017 persons. In 2020, 2587
people died due to the COVID, including 1458 men (56.4%) and 1129 women (43.6%);
• The average life expectancy in Georgia as a result of COVID in 2019-2020 decreased by 0.6 years,
including men - by 0.6 years, and women - by 0.5 years;
• COVID mortality becomes statistically significant after 40 years, before that only 27 cases of death were
recorded;
• The sex-age pattern of mortality as a result of COVID, differs from other causes. In the case of COVID, ,
the “ mortality” of men increases compared to women after 40 years and reaches a maximum at the age of 65-69,
after which it begins to decline. For other reasons, men's “mortality” systematically decreases with age;
• Among the regions, COVID-19 caused the most damage to Adjara, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti,
where the average life expectancy was reduced by 2.2 years more than other regions, which should become a
subject of discussions by the relevant authorities