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The challenges of Georgia’s economic policy in achieving sustainable development goal 9 in the COVID-19 pandemic period
Get PDFCompeting in the Next Economy. A New Innovation Age Calls for a New Innovation Game (2021).
USA. Council of Competitiveness. 114 pages.
General Principles of EU Industrial Policy. Article 173 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union. Fact Sheets in the European Union – 2021.
www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en .
Gvelesiani, R.(2015). "Intrinsic Contradictions of Entrepreneurship Development and Selfdevelopment."
International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, Vol:9, No:3 1007-
1010.
Jose M. Salazar – Xiriachs, Irmgard Nubler, Richard Kozul – Wright. (2014). Transforming Economies.
Making industrial policy work for growth, jobs and development. International Labour Office.
Geneva.
Sobolieva, T. & Lazarenko, Y. Intellectual Property Management in the Shift Towards Open
Innovation. Int. J. Economics and Business, Vol. XI, No. 2, (2019), pp.185-
195. https://dspace.tsu.ge/handle/123456789/358
Lekashvili, E. Shifted Challenges in terms of Digital Economy. Management: strategic imperatives and
trends of transformations: monograph / [Sahaidak M., Sobolieva T. and all] / Edited by
Mykhailo Sahaidak and Tetiana Sobolieva: Kyiv National Economic University named after
Vadym Hetman, 2020. — 230, [2] p. ISBN 978–966–926–342–1; pp.8-22 (This monograph
was prepared within the project of Management Department, KNEU “Transformation of
business organization management” (№ 011СU001664)).
Lekashvili, E., & Bitsadze, M.(2021). Chapter 4. The Role of University Spin-Offs in the Success of
Research Programs. Series: Progress in Education. Volume 68. Roberta V. Nata (editor).
Novapublishers. BISAC: EDU037000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/WPPN2619.
ISBN: 978-1-68507-230-8. ISSN:1535-4806.
Lukas, S., & Kyunghoon K.(2021) After authoritarian technocracy: the space for industrial policymaking
in democratic developing countries, Third World
Quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2021.1984876nt? How should industrial policies be
monitored and evaluated?
Taxonomy of Industrial Policy. Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development Working aper Series
WP 08/2015. Research, Statistics and Industrial Policy Branch. 46 pages.
Vesperi, W. and Gagnidze, I. (2019) Rethinking the university system: Toward the entrepreneurial
university (The case of Italy), Kybernetes. Vol. 50 No. 7, pp. 2021-2041.
https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2018-0662
Voluntary National Review Georgia 2020. Report on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda on
Sustainable Development. Secretariat of the SDGs Interagency Council of Georgia.
Administration of the Government of Georgia.
William F. M., & Gaurav N. Industrial Policy, Information and Government Capacity. World Bank
Group. Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Global Practice Group. May 2017. Policy
Research Working Paper 8056.
Transform. 2020. Resilience in the Age of COVID – 19 – an Update to the 2007 Report (2020). Council
of Competitiveness.
Sjoholm, F. Industrial Policy and Foreign Direct Investment. Research Institute of Industrial
Economics. IFN Working Paper No.1400.2021.
Social-Economic Strategy of Georgia 2020.
http://www.economy.ge/uploads/ecopolitic/2020/saqartvelo_2020.pdf (Accessed
11.02.2021);
Putting the EU Industrial Strategy into action. KPIs for tracking progress and benchmarking
competitiveness. European Round Table for Industry. 2020. 52 pages.
General principles of EU industrial Policy. Fact Sheets on the European Union – 2021.
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en (Accessed 1.02.2021).The increased number of financial crises and ecological
catastrophes, as well as expanding inequality in the context of
globalisation, have raised questions on the assumptions of
mainstream economic theory and its fairness. In the context of
the COVID-19 pandemic, national economies have had to face
up to the new reality, which has placed great importance on the
context of economic stability, security and sustainable
development policies. This paper analyses the issues that need to
be considered by national economic bodies in the process of
achieving Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9) and
transforming the economy. These issues are based on the
experience gained during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is
advisable to transform the economy in a way that focuses on the
development of the manufacturing industry, including high-tech
industries. However, these sectors should be mainly exportoriented.
The development of export production should not only
be based on the natural comparative advantage, but also, for the
sake of expediency, on the acquired comparative advantage
Uncertainty and risk during the COVID-19 pandemic (გაურკვევლობა და რისკი კოვიდ-19 პანდემიის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. Faulkner, P., Feduzi, A. & Runde, J. (2017). Black Swans and the risk/uncertainty distinction, Cambridge Journal of
Economics, Volume 41, Issue 5, Pages 1279–1302, https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bex035
2. Keynes, J.M. 1937 [1973]. The general theory of employment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, in The General Theory and
After: Part II Defence and Development, vol. 51, No. 2 (Feb, 1937), http://hetwebsite.net/het/texts/keynes/keynes1937qje.htm
3. Kelman, S. (2021), Blog, Steven Kelman suggests we should spend more time planning for the known risks on the horizon.
https://fcw.com/blogs/lectern/2021/01/kelman-covid-black-swans-gray-rhinos.aspx
4. Papava, V. (2021). The Threat of the Formation of a Post-pandemic Zombie Economy and the Legal Capacity of
Bankruptcy Mechanisms,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357017565_The_Threat_of_the_Formation_of_a_Postpandemic_Zombie_Economy_and_the_Legal_Capacity_of_Bankruptcy_Mechanisms
5. Papava, V. (2020b). On the Atypical Economic Crisis Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. Economics and Business, XII(4), 9-
16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349098628_On_the_Atypical_Economic_Crisis_under_the_COVID19_Pandemic
6. Papava, V. (2020a). Coronomic Crisis: When the Economy Is a Hostage to Medicine. https://www.researchgate.net/-
publication/340264924_Coronomic_Crisis_When_The_Economy_Is_A_Hostage_To_Medicine
7. Taleb, N.N. (2007). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/books/chapters/0422-1st-tale.html
8. Wucker, M. (2016). The Gray Rhino: How to Recognize and Act on the Obvious Dangers We Ignore, ISBN 978-1-250-
05382-4. https://www.scribd.com/book/304897437/The-Gray-Rhino-How-to-Recognize-and-Act-on-the-Obvious-Dangers-We-Ignore
9. Wucker, M. (2020). The World in 2021, Was the pandemic a grey rhino or a black swan? It was more predictable than
people realize. The Economics, https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2020/11/17/was-the-pandemic-a-greyrhino-or-a-black-swan
10. Xu,T. (2021). Uncertainty, Ignorance and Decision-Making: Looking Through the Lens of Modelling the Covid-19
Pandemic, School of Law, University of Essex, Amicus Curiae, Series 2, Vol 3, No 1, 10-32
https://core.ac.uk/display/479484442?source=2Almost every market, both for services and goods, has been experiencing increasing uncertainty since the
beginning of 2020. A lot of interesting research topics have emerged after the impact of COVID-19 on the
economy.
The disdain for the expected high dangers and related risks, which were overlooked by many countries'
governments in prior years, may be seen in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientists had warned that the
world was ill-equipped to deal with the pandemic.
Immediately after it began, it became clear that the reactions of many countries were delayed, and the
measures taken were ineffective. This affected almost every industry in the economy.
One of the most intriguing consequences of COVID-19 is its effect on demand and increasing risks in a
variety of markets as a result of the negative effects of the economic recession and rising unemployment. It's worth
noting that the negative economic effects of pandemics, isolation, and remote working practices completely altered
market demand for goods and services, and therefore the offer. It is very hard to assess which effect is more
significant, and the impact is likely to vary per country.
In this study, the evaluation of political measures affecting the economy is discussed on the basis of the
"Black Swan" and "Grey Rhino" terms, in situations of unpredictable uncertainty and measured risks. "Black Swan"
is used to describe very rare events that are highly predictable and have a high impact, and "Grey Rhino" describes
very likely high-impact risk events.
Risk describes the situation where there is a loss or danger. While uncertainty differs from risk in that risk
can be estimated in advance and measured using historical market data, uncertainty cannot. As a result, risks are
easier to handle since they can be insured, but uncertainty cannot be insured.
The reality following the COVID-19 pandemic is a very good example of taking decisions in a situation of
uncertainty. We faced a lot of uncertainties at the start of the epidemic – we did not know how to protect
ourselves, how to carry on with everyday life, and so on. The Black Swan Theory explains why society ignores the
most significant changes when traditional risk management is completely ineffective. It refers to an unforeseen and
suspicious event that has a significant impact, while the "Grey Rhino" is the very obvious but ignored threat. The
"Grey Rhino" is a metaphor for threats that we can see and hear but fail to address. In some ways, the term "Grey
Rhino" is the opposite of "White Swan."
In the future, facing the challenges requires long-term, large-scale thinking. The link between individual
psychology and economic decision-making is becoming increasingly apparent
Environmental security as a factor of sustainable development: the experience of the Benelux Countries (ეკოლოგიური უსაფრთხოება, როგორც მდგრადი განვითარების ფაქტორი: ბენელუქსის ქვეყნების გამოცდილება)
Get PDF1. ხუსკივაძე მ. (2017) საქართველოს ეკოლოგიური პოლიტიკა მდგრადი განვითარების კონტექსტში. საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია „ეკონომიკური განვითარების სტრუქტურული და ინოვაციური პრობლემები. თსუ პაატა გუგუშვილის ეკონომიკის ინსტიტუტი,
თბილისი, 2017.
2. Dick Zandee, Kimberley Kruijver and Adája Stoetman (2020). The Netherlands and Arctic security.
http://www.jstor.com/stable/resrep24676.8
3. Wolf, M. J., Emerson, J. W., Esty, D. C., de Sherbinin, A., Wendling, Z. A., et al. (2022). 2022 Environmental
Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. epi.yale.edu;
4. https://global-reports.23degrees.eu/epi2022/root;
5. https://ec.europa.eu;
6. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap/indicators/index_en
7. https://www.sgi-network.org;Sustainable development as a development system, the purpose of which is to increase human well-being
and quality of life, is based on the principle that the needs of the present must be met without endangering
future generations. It is primarily focused on the provision of natural resources and environment protected
from the quantitative and qualitative changes of the society. Based on the above, ensuring environmental
security can be considered a priority task for the countries.
The paper discused economic, social and ecological security indicators of sustainable development.
Special attention is paid to ecological indicators in theoretical and practical terms. The model of the Benelux
Countries is considered as one of the successful model. Therefore, the paper analyzes the features of the
environmental policy, ecological security and the relevant indicators of the Benelux Countries
On Some Problematic Terms Presented in the Process of Edition of the Priest’s Euchologion
No full textWith the help of praying and blessing from Reverend Ioane Gamrekeli, Metropolitan of Kutaisi and Gaenati, the new edition of the priest’s Euchologion is being prepared for editing. There has been a need for this work to be done for a considerable amount of timefor Georgian Church as nowadays, in the existing Euchologion texts, we can notice quite a number of inaccuracies (of phonological, morphological, syn-tactic, lexical-phraseological, orthographic and punctuation character). Besides the above -mentioned, the structure of euchologions is quite inconvenient (which resulted from the economic need for using paper, time or other resources). The mentioned factors make the process of prayer quite difficult for the priests. As a result of the above said, a group has been created in which church persons and linguists are participating.
It is clear that Euchologions are used in several situations and for many purposes. However, in the present paper, we try to speak about one very interesting term which seems to us one of the most interesting among the others, in relation to the terms denoting the titles of the religious servants. Those terms can be met in texts as kananarhi or kanonarqi. Surely, none of the variations of the terms are of Georgian origin. That is why we decided to determine which of the mentioned words could be better in the meaning of more precise and adoptable borrowing. We noticed that in the modern texts, the form kanonarqi is privileged and we do not think this choice is right. The texts of the journal “Karibche” show that only mentioned form is used in its texts. It also prevails in the names of the saints (Worthy Father Leonti Mghvimeli, canon arch….).
To eliminate such diversity and to base the right form for the titles, it has become necessary to investigate the history of the origin of some terms. We searched for the mentioned terms in the Corpus of Georgian Language and a number of dictionaries. We should note that to be clear about the mentioned opinion, we addressed it to the Department of scientific terminology, Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics. We will try to represent the results of our minor investigation and our opinion about several variations of one term.
In our paper, we present the principles and the problems of our work and underline the importance of work to have clear and correct terminology in general and, specifically, in our case. It should also be noted that the editorial work on the new edition of the Euchologion which is now going on, has important practical significance and in our opinion, it will be important for the Georgian Church, in general. We hope that our paper will make a modest contribution to scientific research for Georgian Church terminology in the sense of reaching more terminological clarity even only for one term
The Jewish theme in Georgian culture in the twentieth century
No full textIn Georgian periodicals of the twentieth century, the issue of the
Jews was one of the most important topics. For centuries, harmonious
coexistence between Georgians and Jews has had some impact on the
lives and culture of both peoples. Jewish life has embraced a number of
Georgian rules, which are clearly manifested in the rituals of Jewish
wedding, burial, and mourning. One of the main factors in the viability
of the Jewish community was the existence of a morally and economically
strong family.
Georgian Jews actively participated in the political and public life
of Georgia, in particular, in 1918, in the formation of the first parliament
of independent Georgia. The Jews in Georgia were closely connected with the Georgians
not only by living in a common territory, but also by producing a common
economic base. They pursued agriculture together with Georgians,
successfully engaged in viticulture and winemaking. Along with agriculture,
one part of the Jews pursued handicrafts and domestic industry:
metallurgy, carpentry, handicrafts, carpentry, painting, and blacksmithing.
Jewish artisans formed their own workshops or small industrial
associations - "communities", in which 2-3 artisans were united according
to their main profession. In Kartli (Gori, Tskhinvali) the Jews had
wine and vodka bottling factories, a tea-packing workshop, a shoemaker
and a garment factory, and so on. In Nikozi, the Jews owned small
brick factories where they made alize, brick and tile. They had sawmills,
mills. Jewish meths were known in Racha.
In 1918, the Georgian-language Jewish newspaper "Voice of a
Jew" started publishing in Kutaisi, and in 1924. The Georgian-language
Hebrew newspaper Makaveli was also published in Tbilisi. The Jewish
Cultural-Educational Foundation has been operating in the capital since
1993, with the support of which the magazine "Step to the Torah" is
published. From the same year, the newspaper "Menora" was published,
which systematically provides readers with information about the
ongoing processes in Israel, and tells Georgian Jews living outside Georgia
about the daily life of Georgia
AGAIN ABOUT THE MEGRELIAN “TAILED” ALPHABET
No full textIn the circular of the director of public schools of the Kutaisi
province dated January 11, 1885, sent to the teachers of the elementary
schools of Senaki and Zugdidi (Circular, 1885), it was mentioned that
the Megrelian language, which is the main language of the absolute
majority of the inhabitants of this region, is ignored in the schools of
Samegrelo. Instead, two foreign languages are taught simultaneously:
Georgian and Russian. To improve the current situation, teaching should
become Megrelian-Russian, thereby fulfilling the requirement of state
policy to improve the teaching of the Russian language in local schools.
Georgian language should be excluded from schools in Samegrelo,
which will free up time for teaching prayers and theology in Russian.
The Russian alphabet was to be used for the Megrelian alphabet, which
would help the bilingual Megrelian-Russian education in Samegrelo. In
addition, it will be used to record and publish religious texts translated
into the Megrelian language for the Megrelian daily newspaper and
Megrelian textbooks for Samegrelo schools.
Aleksey Gren, who worked under the guidance of Academician
Radlov, was selected from the Faculty of Oriental Languages of
St. Petersburg University to create the Megrelian alphabet. “When
publishing the Megrelian alphabet, I also had this in mind,” writes Gren,
“although not directly, I somehow challenged the Megrelians for the
national struggle, who are oppressed by stronger Georgian people.
Indeed, such a struggle is absolutely impossible without the possession of its own alphabet, with the help of which Megrelian expresses his
thoughts in the same way as his enemy, in this case the Georgian, and,
finally, without the alphabet, any science, even a spark of civilization,
is impossible “(Archival Document, Rukhadze 1931, Rukhadze 1951). In
parallel with this, the alphabet is created by Tada Ashordia, who could
not do this work on his own.
The paper deals with the Megrelian “tailed” alphabet which is used
in Megrelian-Russian book published in Khoni under the supervision I.
Petrov, teacher of the Kutaisi Teacher’s Seminary (Petrov). This name
– Megrelian “tailed” alphabet, on the one hand, is ironic, due to its
ulterior motive – pitting different parts of Georgia against each other
and awakening the separatist movement in Samegrelo, and on the
other hand, it reflects the main graphic feature of this alphabet – the
addition of “tails” to Cyrillic characters (Bolkvadze 2011). In the same
book, it is emphasized that this alphabet, which might be created with
the participation of Tada Ashordia, belongs to the Russian Imperial
Academy (Petrov).
The paper deals with the phonetic and graphic features of the
Megrelian tail alphabet, as well as the social and political context in
which this alphabet was created
TOGO GUDAVA – SCHOLAR AND TEACHER
No full textTogo Gudava graduated from Tbilisi State University, Faculty of
Philology, Department of the Caucasian Languages in 1945. From 1945
to 1948 he studied at the post-graduate course of the Institute of
Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia, with a specialty in
the Caucasian languages. In 1948 Togo Gudava defended his Ph.D. thesis
– Main Morphological Categories of the Botlikh Language and in 1964
– his doctoral thesis Consonant System of the Andic Languages. From
1950 Togo Gudava was a research worker at the Institute of Linguistics,
and from 1966 – also a professor of the Chair of Structural and Applied
Linguistics of Tbilisi State University; over the years he delivered
lectures in various linguistic disciplines: Comparative Grammar of the
Kartvelian Languages, the Avar Language, the Zan Language.
Togo Gudava is the author of up to 90 printed scholarly papers,
including significant monographs: Comparative Analysis of Verb Stems
of the Avar and the Andic Languages; the Botlikh Language. Grammatical
Analysis, Texts, Glossary; Consonant System of the Andic Languages;
the Bagvalal Language; Historical-Comparative Analysis of Consonant
System of the Dido Languages; Georgian Orally Transmitted Folklore.
Most of T. Gudava’s works are devoted to the synchronic and
diachronic research of the Dagestan languages and problems of
historical phonetics and morphology of the Kartvelian languages.
In 2013, in the journal Issues of Linguistics, dedicated to the 90th
anniversary of the birth of Togo Gudava, the complete bibliography
of his scholarly works was published; it is regrettable that it includes
numerous unpublished manuscripts that are very valuable for
linguistics.
Although Togo Gudava died at age 54 in 1976, his contribution to
Kartvelian and Caucasian Studies is immense
ქალთა მისია ქართლის გაქრისტიანებაში „მოქცევაჲ ქართლისაჲს“ მიხედვით. THE MISSION OF WOMEN IN THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF KARTLI ACCORDING TO THE “CONVERSION OF KARTLI”
No full text„Conversion of Kartli“ is the most important work in terms of
its religious, cultural-historical content, story and artistic-aesthetic
point of view.
„Conversion of Kartli“ is sharply distinguished from other hagiographic
works by a very remarkable phenomenon – the cult of
women. This is based not only on the fact that the enlightener of
Kartli is a woman, but also on the number of mothers participating
in the history of Christianity in Kartli, and, above all, the mission
(starting from Cappadocia and ending with Kartli) far exceeds that
of male characters. Numerous episodes of the works are narrated by
Sts. About the women associated with Nino, these are the robe-laden
Sidonia (Georgia’s fi rst saint), her mother (Georgia’s first martyr),
Queen Helen, the Dvinian niaphorus (messenger of the Lord’s robe),
Ripsime and Guyane, Nana and Soji queens, Sidonia and many others.
Mothers participating in the conversion of Kartli have a certain
mission: part of St. Related to Nino’s healings, some are involved in
the erection of the pillar-animal, others – the fi ghter for the spread
and establishment of Christianity, St. Descriptor of Nino’s life, St. Nino’s
companions, all together “daughters of the faith”, as their St.
Nino calls.
The cult of woman in the works is also conditioned by the fact
that she is an enlightened woman, as well as – the structure of mother
nature, deep spirituality, multiplicity of vision, access to novelty,
readiness for charity. Here, most notably, are the precepts of the female
phenomenon that originate from paganism (the female deity of
the sun – “the sun is my mother ...”, the deities – the mother of the
place, Barbale, Dali, the head, etc.), who are crowned with the cult of
the Virgin in Christianity. (Georgia – the country of the Virgin Mary, St.
Nino – the ordained of the Virgin).
As is well known, language is the soul of a nation, the mind of
a nation. The Georgian linguistic worldview reflects the importance
and significance of women (their effectiveness) in the culture and
life of Georgians, in particular, the peculiarities related to the phenomenon of women (unlike other languages). There are two aspects
to distinguish, one – increasing the meaning of words by adding
“mother” to lexical items, transforming them from the general to the
main word (eg, earth, mother tongue, mother tongue, capital, etc.)
and another – in composites represented by two sexes (unlike other
languages). Name of the woman in the first place (e.g., sister-brother,
mother-father, wife-son, etc.). Thus, the Georgian linguistic world
fixes the role of women in the cultural-historical life of Georgians.
We think that the leading role of women in the Christianization of
Kartli once again proves the above. Based on „St. Nino’s Life“, it can
be boldly said that the conversion of Kartli stands on the shoulders
of women
The state of activity of logistics companies and development prospects in Georgia
No full text1. შ. ვეშაპიძე; ლ.ოსაძე; დ. სეხნიაშვილი, ლოგისტიკა, თბილისი, 2012;
2. ინტერნეტ სამართალი და ხელოვნური ინტელექტი, თბილისი; 2022;
3. საქართველოს სახელმწიფო შესყიდვების სააგენტო, სტატისტიკური მონაცემები, საანგარიშო პერიოდი 2016;
4. საქართველოს ფინანსთა სამინისტროს შემოსავლების სამსახური, სტატისტიკური მონაცემები, პერიოდი 20123-2018 წლები;
5. საქართველოს ფინანსტა სამინისტროს შემოსავლების სამსახური, სტატისტიკური მონაცემები, პერიოდი 2013-2022 წლები;
6. საერთაშორისო ლოჯისტიკური კომპანია „ბენე ჯგუფი“;
7. საერთაშორისო ლოჯისტიკური კომპანია MSC Georgia ;
8. საქართველოს რკინიგზა, ლოგისტიკა და ტერმინალები, განსახილველი პერიოდი 2017-2022 წლები;
9. საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური, მომსახურების სტატისტიკა, განსახილველი პერიოდი 2018-2020 წლები;
10. https://www.railway.ge/saqartvelos-rkinigzam-2022-wlis-pirveli-kvartalic-mogebit-daasrulaThe article discusses and substantiates the role of effective management of logistics systems in companies engaged in international business. Also, the state of activity of the logistics companies of Georgia, the existing problems and prospects of the country's development in this direction have been investigated. Certain recommendations are given for the country to engage in international business as fully as other developed countries. The object of the research is represented by both resident and international logistics companies present in the market of Georgia.
Georgia, like many highly developed and developing countries of the world, is actively involved in world trade and globalization. The desire to get involved is getting stronger, and our country should not be left behind in these processes, which can be achieved by introducing innovations in business companies, improving the supply chain and information-technological environment, and introducing modern logistics systems and their effective management.
Globalization and related international economic relations have completely changed the process of mutual influence and cooperation between countries and regions, in which information technologies and the Internet play a major role. Modern information technologies also had a great impact on the block of supply and logistics and received the name of business logistics. Electronic banking operations based on SWIFT and SWIFT II, as well as EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport, Trade and electronic data exchange in transport) to create systems.
In the modern world, "Blockchain" is becoming more and more popular, which is developing rapidly, and it can be said that it is one of the "breakthrough technologies" of the technologies of the modern world. Its priority aspects are discussed and substantiated in the work, in particular, it can: • make the supply chain more robust and traceable;
• ensure security, immutability and authenticity;
• Reducing the complexity of the supply chain and simplifying the process.
The research conducted by the World Bank in 2018 reveals that in terms of the development of the logistics system in Georgia, we are at a rather low level, in the rankings we occupy the second place of a hundred countries, which means that we are behind not only many highly developed countries of the world, but also - developing countries, for example, our friendly country - Ukraine.
According to the 2018 survey, Germany is still the leader according to the LPI index = 4.20 points. According to the compilers of the index, obtaining a high or satisfactory evaluation of the efficiency of the logistics system in Georgia was prevented by the existing problematic issues, for example, the delay of the procedures at the border checkpoints and the existing tariff policy.
Forwarding companies represent an important part of the logistics market in Georgia.
The big five leading forwarding companies in the Georgian market are TNT, DHL, UPS, FEDEX, GEBRUDER WEIS - they are well-known brands in the international market, although all of them already have a representative office in Georgia and have been successfully operating in our country for quite some time.
For the last few years, Georgian forwarding companies have been trying to provide strong competition to the leading international logistics companies, and in this regard, the "Bene Group" is leading, according to the logisticians, they are working on a new transit web platform and application, which makes it easier for users to calculate the tariff rate according to the selected route and cargo data, and receive tracking information. and be able to easily monitor their cargo. All this is directly related to awareness, which makes the producer much more organized.
In order to assess the trade relations of the country, based on the cargo turnover data, the paper examines the state of development of the following logistics channels - railway, sea, road and air transport. Argued conclusions and opinions are made based on the received results.
It is determined that by introducing information technologies, effective supply chain management and logistics infrastructure, and increasing the service quality of diverse services, it is possible to maintain an increased number of new customers (cargo owners). Georgia should use all possible ways to increase the efficiency and productivity of the logistics system to increase the economic performance of our country.
For the efficient operation of Georgian logistics companies, it is necessary to implement the following stimulating measures:
• Some changes should be made in the tax code, it needs to be adjusted;
• Due to the low level of infrastructure development, its improvement and improvement should be ensured;
• High domestic shipping rates and others should be changed.
All this prevents the resident companies from developing properly, while reducing the volume of freight traffic passing through the Georgian corridor. In total, due to such barriers, the country loses quite a lot of economic benefits
Rogneda Ghambashidze – Some Episodes from Her Life and Work
Get PDFIn the present paper, we once again recall the life and contribution of the famous terminologist Rogneda Ghambashidze (1922-1992). We will try to introduce relatively unknown episodes and sides of her personality, biography and activity to the general public. We’ll show the family environment in which she was raised and, perhaps, that led to her professional choice. We would like to remember her relationships and the stories associated with them. We will touch upon her lexicological activity