Dspace, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Not a member yet
2327 research outputs found
Sort by
"Case" as a business research methodology in condition of COVID-19 pandemic („ქეისი“ როგორც ბიზნესის კვლევის მეთოდოლოგია COVID-19 პანდემიის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. Bennett, A. (2001). Case study: Methods and analysis. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences ,
1513–1519.
2. Collis, J., & Hussey, R. (2013). Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave
macmillan.
3. Creswell, J. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.
4. Dembitsky, S. (2010). Theoretical validization on different levels of sociological research. Sociology: theory, methods,
marketing. N4 , 152–178.
5. Dul, J., & Hak, T. (2007). Case study methodology in business research. Ro utledge.
6. Eels, T. (2007). Generating and generalizing knowledge about psychotherapy from pragmatic case studies . Pragmatic Case
Studies in Psychotherapy, 35-54. Retrieved from ttp://pcsp.libraries.rutgers.edu) .
7. Five, B. (2006). Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, Vol. 12. № 2, 233.
8. George, A. B. (2004). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. MIT Press , 18.
9. Gerring, J. (2004). What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good for? American Political Science Review. Vol. 98. № 2., 341.
10. Hancock, D. A. (2006). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers.Teachers College Press.
11. Klotz, A. (2008). Case Selection Qualitative methods in International Relations. A Pluralist Guide. A Pluralist Guide,
Palgrave Macmillan, 43.
12. Shaburishvili, S. (2011). Peculiarities of Georgian Foreign Trade with the European Union. Bulletin of Khmelnitsky
National University, № 2, Vol.2, 252-254.
13. Widdowson, M. (2011). Case study research methodology. International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research , Vol
2 No 1, http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/30763.
14. Yin, R. K. (2015). Case Studies. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences , 194–201.
15. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London: Sage.
16. Шабуришвили, Ш., & Барановская, М. (2012). Cтимулирование инновационной деятельности в условиях
глобализации – ключевой аспект развития малых и средних предприятий. Научный вестник Одесского
национально го университета N1, 121-130.
17. შაბურიშვილი, შ. (2018). დამატებული ღირებულების გლობალური ჯაჭვის ფენომენი თანამედროვე
საერთაშორისო ბიზნესში. ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი N1, 70-75Recently, there have been a significant number methodological works, the authors of which substantiate the
heuristic nature and high scientific potential of the case methodology. The article discusses the peculiarities,
limitations, advantages and disadvantages of case methodology. As well as means by which you can improve the
quality, reliability and validity of the use of case methodology. Based on the analysis of scientific papers, a typology
of case methodology is implemented with two main parameters - the number of cases to be considered and the
connection with the theory
Georgiani, or the Georgians in Latin Sources
Get PDFეძღვნება პროფ. გოჩა ჯაფარიძის ხსოვნას (1942 – 2020)/ Dedicated to Memory of Prof. Gocha Japaridze (1942 – 2020)The present paper discusses the question of when Georgians were referred as
Georgiani in medieval Latin sources. It is established that in the Basel roll known as the
Breue commemoratorium de illis casis Dei, compiled in c. 808 in the Holy Land by a
member of the mission sent by Charlemagne, the Georgians are not referred to as such.
The term first appears in the letter from Ansell, in the chronicle of Orderic Vitalis, and
in the charter of the Hospitallers.
In his first letter sent from the Holy Land to the Paris, Ansell mentions David the
Builder as David, rex Georgianorum, Georgian nunnery as congregationem sanctimonialum
Georgianorum, and in the second letter – Georgian Patriarch as patriarcha
Georgianorum, and the King of the Georgians as rex Georgianorum. The first letter of
Ansell was written in 1120, and the second must have been sent in 1121.
Orderic Vitalis mentions David IV the Builder in Book XI of his Historia
Ecclesiastica as Dauid Georgiensis regis. Books XI-XIII of the Historia Ecclesiastica were written in 1136-41, mainly in 1136-37. Thus, this evidence belongs to the 30s of
the 12th century.
In another 12th century document, in the donation to the Order of Hospitallers in
the Holy Land, the term Georgian is used: Here we find “brothers Joseph and John, the
sons of Saba the Georgian” (Josephum et Johannem fratres germanos, filios Saba
Georgii). The document that actually includes two documents in itself – one is the
donation of Joseph and John to the Hospitallers, and the other is the deed of Baldwin II
handed to Saba. Baldwin’s charter must have been issued in the first years of Baldwin’s
reign, before his captivity. It is most likely that this happened when Baldwin ascended
the throne, on April 14, 1118, when “all the nobles of the kingdom were called together
in the palace of King Solomon, and he granted each his fief, receiving fealty and an oath
of allegiance from them, and sending each back home with honour.” It must have been
at this time that Saba the Georgian received the charter under the royal seal concerning
his property.
It turns out that in medieval Latin sources the term Georgians first appears in
Ansell’s letter of 1120 and in the deed issued by Baldwin II to Saba in 1118-31 (even
more so in 1118). The date of the latter is obviously relatively hypothetical, however,
until new circumstances emerge, it remains one of the earliest, if not the earliest,
evidence of Georgian-Latin contacts
Prof. Leli Baramidze − Scholar and Teacher
Get PDFეძღვნება თსუ-ს ემერიტუს პროფესორ ლელი ბარამიძის დაბადებიდან 90-ე წლისთავს/ Dedicated to the 90th Birthday of Emeritus Professor of TSU Leli Baramidz
Macroprudential policy systemic risks and identified factors of Georgia (მაკროპრუდენციული პოლიტიკის სისტემური რისკების წარმომქმნელი ფაქტორების იდენტიფიცირება საქართველოსათვის)
Get PDF1. საქართველოს ეროვნული ბანკი (2017). კაპიტალის დამატებითი ბუფერის მოთხოვნა სისტემური
ბანკებისათვის, 23
2. Borio, C. (2015). Macropruencial Policies, 10-12
3. Dijkman, M. (2015). Monitoring Financial Stability in Developing and Emerging Economies, 5-7, 30-33
4. Galati, G., Moesner R. (2011). Macroprudential Policy. BIS working paper No 337, 23
5. Murphy, E. (2012).What is systemic risk?,2-5
7. Shmieder C. (2011). The balance-sheet based approach to stress-testing,8-9Achieving financial stability is a major challenge for any country, especially in the wake of the 2008 global
financial crisis. A sound financial system creates the conditions for the economic development and economic goals
of the country, therefore it is very important to identify the systemic risks causing the financial crisis and eliminate
them. The 2008 global financial crisis once again raised the issue of more active use of macroprudential policies, as
it became clear that microprudential policies and its regulations were not sufficient for financial stability.
Macroprudential policy plays a crucial role in identifying systemic risks and neutralizing the financial cyclicality,
which ultimately implies the implementation of preventive measures and the implementation of effective banking supervisory policies
The main directions of the innovation development strategy of the Georgian economy
Get PDF1. Abesadze R. 2020. Innovation Policy and Innovation System Georgia. Proceedings of the Institute of Economics TGU im. Paata Gugushvili. Tbilissi, University Publishing, Vol. XIII.Timonina I. Л. 2017. (in Georgian)
2. Matias Braun, Sebastián Bustos, Luis Felipe Céspedes. Innovation Strategy and Economic Development
https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/WP590-Innovation-strategy-economic-development.pdf
3. Timonina I. Л. 2017. Strategy of Innovation Development Яponies: on the way to the fourth proven revolution. Vostok 2017, № 4 (Russian)
4. TSIRENSCHIKOV V. 2019. STRATEGY FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: NEW GOALS AND INITIATIVES, Modern Europe, No. 6, p. 138‒148 (Russian)
5. Samsonova MV 2008. FEATURES OF FORMATION SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL PRODUCTS IN CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS OF HOZSTVOVANIC (Russian)
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-formirovaniya-rynka-nauchnotehnicheskoy-produktsii-v-sovremennyh-usloviyah-hozyaystvovaniyaThe pros and cons of innovative economic development in Georgia are studied and the main directions of the innovative economic development strategy of Georgia are identified
PROTHESIS IN TURKISH
Get PDFThe Turkic languages throughout their development have always
been characterized by vowelfullness, which is preserved at the present
stage of development in the words of the Turkic origin. The
pronunciation of two or more consonants at the beginning of a syllable
is an irresistible moment of articulation for people of Turkish origin
and because of this, words of Turkic origin do not contain the syllable
CCV(C). At the same time, two consonants at the end of a syllable are
not uncommon in both borrowed and Turkish words, cf. the very name
of the people is Türk; that is, two consonants are not unussual at the
end of a syllable).
The adaptation of borrowed words beginning with consonant
complexes (two or more consonants) in Turkish is carried out in two
ways – either by prothesis or epenthesis. In the report we will discuss
some prothesis facts.
Prothesis < Greek prothesis ‘to put in front’ is the appearance
of an additional sound (both consonant and vowel) at the absolute
beginning of a word. In the case of Turkic languages, one of the narrow
vowels (i, ı, ü, u) is an additional sound. At the beginning of a syllable,
a narrow vowel is added before a two-consonant word and forms a
new syllable with the fi rst consonant of the compound. For example:
Russian stakan – Azerbaijanian istakan’glass’; French statistics – Turkish
istatistik ‘statistics’, Italian skonto – Turkish iskonto ‘discount’, English
stop – Turkish istop ‘to stand’’ and others.
In the Grand Registry of the province of Gurjistan (1595), we met two
Georgian toponyms in the prothetic Türkish form: انزمنده است İstefānzmnda<
Georgian /stephanc’minda/, and the skarebi was similarl اسكارب İskárb.
Here we will dwell on the case of prothesis, when a narrow vowel is
added to the root, a new syllable is formed, although the word does not
begin with two consonants, but with one, namely the consonant /r/.
Turkish words do not start with /r/: Rum- Urum “Greek”; Ital. robe –
Turk. urba ‘clothes, clothing, dress’. Arabic rub’ – ربع Türk. urup ‹(one)
quarter› etc
Challenge of Georgia in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic (საქართველოს გამოწვევა პანდემიის COVID-19 პირობებში)
Get PDF1. https://www.geostat.ge/ka/modules/categories/54/jandatsva
2. https://ncdc.ge/#/pages/content/4d01df7c-43dc-4603-bce6-0bf9478fea3b
3. https://stopcov.ge/On 6 January 2020, the Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Labor,
Health and Social Affairs reported to the Government of Georgia the outbreak of a still unknown epidemic in
China. The Georgian Government responded by developing immediate and specific measures, as well as by
initiating the investigation and continuous monitoring of relevant international practice. From the very early days
of the pandemic, the Georgian authorities directed their efforts in two directions, aiming to save both the health
and lives of the people, as well as the national economy. Therefore, all the steps taken by the government have
been determined by the obligation assumed by the government to protect the health and lives of the people and
the motivation to save the economy.
Correspondingly, in parallel to the prevention of the spread of the virus, the Government of Georgia has
provided citizens with social support while also ensuring the provision of support to entrepreneurs and the
economy in order to mitigate the effects of the pandemic.
1 021 943 COVID-19 cases have been reported in for 20 January, 2022, with 946 255 (93.0 %) patients
having recovered, 114 582 patients have died, number of vaccinations - 2 635 602 persons.
Correspondingly, in parallel to the prevention of the spread of the virus, the Government of Georgia has
provided citizens with social support while also ensuring the provision of support to entrepreneurs and the
economy in order to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. The government is also working intensively with
international partners to attract funding, in order to alleviate the results of the crisis to the greatest possible extent.
It should be noted that given the problems associated with the imposition of restrictions on the country's
economy, the Government of Georgia initially chose the path of mainly issuing recommendations and conducting
information campaigns. The imposition of strict mandatory restrictions was avoided as much as possible at this
stage.
In addition, for the purpose of mitigating the negative effects of the pandemic on the economy, including
the financial sector, and with a view to boosting the national economy, the National Bank of Georgia developed an
ad hoc supervision plan and implemented significant monetary and credit measures in full compliance with the
recommendations of the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank, and other key financial
organizations.
According to revised estimates, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Georgia at current prices amounted to 49
266.7 million GEL in 2020 year. In 2020 compared to previous year the real GDP declined by 6.8 percent, while
the GDP deflator percentage change equaled to 7.3 percent. Estimated real GDP growth rate in November 2021
equaled to 12.0 percent year-over-year (YOY) and 10.7 percent YoY in January-November 2021.
In the country, as well as around the world, there are some difficulties in creating the necessary
environment to eliminate the consequences of the spread of infection. However, it should also be noted that
despite great efforts, the infection still persists and has an impact on economic activity
References of Ibn Khordadbeh about provinces Adarbayğān and Armīniya and Caucasus according to manuscript Meshhed, Astan Quds 15189
Get PDFეძღვნება პროფ. გოჩა ჯაფარიძის ხსოვნას (1942 – 2020)/ Dedicated to Memory of Prof. Gocha Japaridze (1942 – 2020)Ibn Khordadbeh was a 9th century geographer of Persian origin. According to Ibn
an-Nadim, he should have been the author of eight books. Only two of them have been
discovered and published, including ,,the Book of amusements and musical instruments''
and ,,the Book of Roads and Kingdoms ''. Ibn Khordadbeh created two versions of this
last book, the date of writing of the first of them is 846-847 (232 A.H.), and the second
is 885. Three crucial themes dominate this geographical work: taxation; the situation at
the borders and bordering areas; and roads, with distances and directions. It should be
noted that the reports refer to a relatively large area from Spain to the Korean peninsula
and from the head of the Volga to Indonesia.
It is noteworthy that Ibn Khordadbeh is the author of one of the first geographical
works in the history of the Arab-Islamic Caliphate, whose work has come down to us.
European researchers have been interested in Ibn Khordadbeh's geographical writings
since the second half of the 19th century. The first critical edition of Arabic text was
published in 1865 by the orientalist Charles de Maynard, based on two different
manuscripts. A little later, de Goeje published a new edition in 1889 with a French
translation based on 3 manuscripts. It should be noted that the information about the
Caucasus, according to de Goeje's edition, was translated into Russian by N. A.
Karaulov, published in 1903 in the XXXII issue of СМОМПК, a complete translation of the text into Russian was published by N. Velikhanova, with extensive comments, in
1986 in Baku. In 2022, our thesis was published, one of the sub-chapters was about the
reports of Ibn Khordadbeh according to the editorship of De Goeje.
As for the manuscript Meshhed, Astan Quds 15189, it became known to the
general public by the article L'AzerbaÏdjan et l'Arménie dans un fragment inédit d'Ibn
Ḫurradāḏbih (Meshhed, Astan Quds 15189) by Jean-Charles Ducéne published in the
,,Journal Asiatique'' 2021, #309/2. References from the given manuscript are much more
extensive in relation to Adarbayğān and Armīniya. However, it does not include the
references scattered in different chapters in Ibn Khordadbeh's work done by de Goeje’s
edition. For example, the description of the wall of Yāğūğ and Māğūğ, talks about the
journey of Salam at-Tarğuman and the status of Amira Ishaq ibn Ibrahim. The
manuscript consists of 8 pages in total and the information contained in it refers to the
cities and distances of Adarbayğān and Armīniya. The dimensions of the manuscript are
27 cm. at 16.5 cm. The manuscript is bound in one hand and has about 17 lines per
page. Diacritical marks are rarely used and most of the text is unvocalised. One detail is
also different, in de Goeje's edition we have one title and subsequently, under it, the
regions, routes and others are united. In the manuscript Meshhed, Astan Quds 15189, it
seems that different directions are broken as titles, for instance: The road from Marāgha
to Salamās or The towns of Armīniya.
As for novelty, to follow the text, it is interesting the note about the gates of
Marāgha, which is given in the paragraph Road from ad-Dīnawar to Adarbayğān. The
manuscript names 6 gates and describes of the various areas of trade destinations that
were located near or between the gates. There is also a note of the Qūlsara market,
which is more extensive than other existing reports. It specifies the number of trading
days, goods and their total value. It seems that this fair was used to connect the people
of Adarbayğān and Armīniya. References often contain various Rustāks that are not in
de Goeje's edition, and most of their names require furder clarification and additional
researche. However, this is not an easy task because, often, they are just names of
villages, and therefore, over time, they disappeared. Another issue is their amount for
example, Wrtān has 4 Rustāks, whit 90 villages. Or Mūkān, which should have had 4
thousand villages. The accuracy of correct rendering of names and their Arabicized
forms is also a problem.
The road given in de Goeje's edition from ad-Dīnavar to Barzand, Jean-Charles
Ducéne points out that is the same reference in the manuscript Meshhed, Astan Quds
15189, given the route taken by Muḥammad ibn Ḥamūd. However, this is not entirely
accurate, although some references match, the information given by de Goeje's edition
is much more extensive and many more places are named in the itinerary. We believe
that these references are significantly different from each other and we have less
similarity between them.
Distances and routes from Tbilisi to different directions are worthy of attention for
us. As usual, the distances to Tbilisi can be found in Arabic historiographical or
geographical writings of the Middle Ages. For example, from Dvini to Tbilisi and from
Barda to Tbilisi, as it is given even in this manuscript. But also, in this case, we have
that rare exception, in which the cut-off point is Tbilisi: There are 53 farsakhs between
Tiflīs and Dabīl, and 30 farsakhs between Dabīl and Khilāṭ. There are 14 farsakhs
between Nashawā and Khūy, 60 farsakhs between Nashawā and Khilāṭ, 10 farsakhs
between Khilāṭ and Tiflīs. There are 32 farsakhs between Tiflīs and Mutawakiliya, 20
farsakhs between Tiflīs and Qisāl, 12 farsakhs between Qisāl and Mutawakiliya, 27 farsakhs between Tiflīs and Bāb al-Lān ( ﯨاﯨلان ), and 80 farsakhs between Tiflīs and
Kālīlkalā.
It is also interesting for us to mention the toponym 'Aḥrān. We make a cautious assumption
that this toponym could mean Hereti. As far as the mentioned toponym is
named next to Tsanar, Derbent, Tbilisi, Soghdabil, Darial and Ğurzan. This may be the
first confirmed mention of Hereti in medieval Arabic references. However, just one
reference is not enough to say anything conclusively.
We would also like to respond to the toponym 'Abkhāz ( ابخاز ) mentioned in the
reference, on which Jean-Charles Ducéne indicates in his commentary that this term
refers to the territory of the ,,Abkhazian'' people and Abkhazia of Georgia is not meant
here. We think that here the author makes a certain mistake, and we should mean
modern Lahich, under the mentioned toponym Lāyğān ( لایجان ). As the Arabic graphics
of the toponym Lāyğān is close to al- 'Abkhāz, and this is not the first time when these
names are confused (as an example, we have al-Istakhri). In addition, the Arab-Muslim
authors used the name Abkhaz to denote Georgians and Georgia. We will also add that
the named toponym was located in the eastern Caucasus, which place was never settled
by any tribe with the name "Abkhaz", even more so the name of the city founded by
them.
We would also like to mention the toponym Ḥayzān/Khayzān, which is also given
in this reference. In an article we published in 2021, we talked about the fact that
Khayzān was not the same Khaydāk as some scholars believed. In this case, we have a
report in which both toponyms are mentioned separately, we have the village of
Khayzān and Ṣāḥib Khaydāk. Thus, the sameness of these two names is once again
ruled out and they are different places.
At the end of the references, there is another interesting name Ṣāḥib al-Qurğ or
owner of al-Qurğ. It is impossible to say what can be meant here for sure. But since the
Ğurzan form is mentioned in the text, we may take al-Qurğ as an ethnonym. It is also
not excluded that, al-Qurğ can be the name of some parts of Kartli, even Inner Kartli,
and the name Ğurzan is name of the whole of Eastern Georgia.
To summarize, the fragment of Ibn Khordadbeh's manuscript, which fortunately for
us refers to the Caucasus region, is a rather interesting source. The mentioned material
fills in some details about the medieval Caucasus region, the provinces of Azarbayğān
and Armīniya. At the same time, it allows some new opinions or hypotheses to be
expressed, to strengthen the existing opinions and fill in a significant part of the gaps in
Ibn Khordadbeh's writings regarding the geography, routes, and toponymy of the
region.
The article is accompanied by a translated text from Jean-Charles Ducéne’s named
article with some comments
Scientific Legacy of Ivane Javakhishvili
Get PDFhttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/177-shromebi-18.htm
Ialtsunesga ‒ “Mesopotamia“ of Dali (Kodori) Gorge
Get PDFThe village Ialtsunesga is located in the beginning of Dali (Kodori) Gorge, nearby Klukhor Pass, between Saknara and Gvandrala the tributaries to the river Kodori. Having taken into account the phonetic changes, Ialtsunesga in Svanian language literally means “between two rivers”, so it might be said that the village Ialtsunesga happens to be the “Mesopotamia” of Dali (Kodori) Gorge.
Discourse of Kodori residents is an interesting segment of Svan and generally Georgian dialectological field; From 80s of last century to present we work with the residents of Dali Gorge for the purpose of collection and systematization of onomastic and ethnolinguistic materials.
Unfortunately, nowadays Ialtsunesga, one of the oldest Georgian villages, is totally uninhabited and no Georgian (Svan) words have been heard about it since August, 2008, as well as about the whole Kodori Gorge, which has never been separated from Georgia during any period of the history of the country.
Dali Gorge is a historical part of the western Georgia, Abkhazia. In the antique period it was called Mivsianeti or Misimianeti, in the middle ages - Dali Gorge, in XIX century – Tsebelda Dali Sabokaulo (the area controlled by a certain police department), in the Soviet period it was called Abkhazian Svaneti, and in XXI century – Upper Abkhazia. Such a variety of the names speaks for itself, of the importance and special role of this gorge in the history of Georgia. After well-known facts taken place in 2008, residents from Kodori live under refugee status in various regions of Georgia – Imereti, Kvemo Kartli, Svaneti, also Russian Federation and Europe…
The gorge enjoys the most advantageous geographical location - Klukhori, Naharvi, Marukhi - Dali Gorge is the shortest way that connects the seaside region of the western Georgia with the North Caucasus. That explains special importance and strategic functions assigned to this territory in every historical epoch. Toponymy of Dali’s Gorge is characterized by lingual diversity and absolutely different chronology of designation.
Many famous researchers or kartvelologists got interested in Svan toponymy. Significant conclusions are also made as a result of study and research: analysis of toponymical material of Svaneti and its adjacent territories is clearly stated by the references of ancient Greek historian Strabo. In the toponymy of Racha-Lechkhumi, Upper Svaneti and mountainous Samegrelo the sign of Svan language is obviously found, meaning that once this territory was inhabited by Svans. Similar track is also found on the land of northern Caucasus. It is stated by that toponyms: Khumar (comp.Tskhumari), Ushkalan (comp.Ushkul) and others… (Chumburidze et al, 2007).
Microtoponymy of Dali Gorge is characterized by the abundance of environment describing terms. The Geographical phenomena and lexemes, such as – ravine, gorge, rock, the places where there used to be towers there, lake, mountain, brook, pass, hill, hillock, knoll, grassland, tower, cliff, slope, risen river, landslip, waterfall, mountain top… Including morphemoids – down, downwards, up, upward, eastern-western... Out of toponyms of Dali Gorge in the “Census of Kingdom of Georgia” written by Vakhushti Bagrationi in the 18th century we find ”Kodori” as hydronym…
Svan Discourse of Dali Gorge is famous with its interference. It is very interesting segment of Georgian dialectological field. This publication gives an overview and structural-semantic analysis of the rich onomastic material including toponyms, names, surnames... of this specific village of Abkhazia. Kodori Gorge’s materials are presented in the publication. Also, Svan’s hydrographic vocabulary and terminology are explored here. Generally, in Svan language the formation of the hydrographic vocabulary and terminology was caused by the development of the inner nature of the language, dialectical varieties, word-borrowings and phonetical modification. From the point of semantic aspect, several subgroups can be identified within Svan toponymy, namely, the toponyms, metonyms and hydronyms related to the hunting activities, geographical names conditioned by landscapes and those referring to the origin and meaning of the names of religion activities. This paper is also an attempt to specify the etymology of several private names and to reveal extra linguistic factors along with linguistic factors.
The cultural anthropology of the Dali Gorge covers and integrates thematically key and Kartvelologically topical themes such as the Bronze Age and Hellenistic archaeological sites; history of Kodori Gorge; early medieval fortresses, sites of former churches, houses for prayers and Christian monuments; onomastics (toponymy, anthroponymy, theonymy, hydronymy, zoonymy) of Dali Gorge; Kodorian Svan speech (interference picture, ethnolinguistic aspects) ... Consequently, interest in the Kodori Gorge, or Dali country (as the travelers of early periods call it!) is multifaceted.
Study of onomastic, folk and linguistic materials of Dali Gorge in general Georgian dialectological field under ethnolinguistic, interferential, linguoculturological aspects enables us to have made quite interesting conclusions