Dspace, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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Features of remote employment in Georgia
Get PDFBedianashvili, G. (2018). Culture as a factor of formation of knowledge economy with systemic institutional context of paradigmatic changes. Scientific-practical Journal of Globalization and Business, 6, pp. 59-62
Kakulia, N. (2019). Assessment of Georgia's institutional environment using WGI indicators and its impact on economic growth. Journal "Economist" , 2. pp. 77-79
Kakulia, N., & Chikobava M. (2017). Comparative analysis of economic crisis theories, academician A. Collection of materials of the international scientific conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Gunia's birth, pp. 177-187
Papava, V. (2020). Coronomics and qualitatively new economic crisis, international scientific-practical journal "Economy and Business", XII(2), pp. 13-17
Tkemaladze, I. (2021). State employment policy in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis in Georgia. Journal Globalization and Business, 12, 155-161
Tsartsidze, M., & Latsabidze, N. (2012). Prospects of labor market development in Georgia. "Economy and Business" magazine, 1, pp. 77-80
Tsarsidze, M. (2019). Effective employment - an important factor of human well-being and economic growth in Georgia, "Economist" magazine, 2, pp. 82-97
Khaduri, N. (2009). Macroeconomic Aspects of Deregulation of Georgian Economy. Economist Magazine, 1, pp. 50-57
Arestis, P., Ferreiro, J., Gómez, C. (2020). “Quality of Employment and Employment Protection. Effects of Employment Protection on Temporary and Permanent Employment.” Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol. 53, issue C, p. 180-188
Chassamboullia, A., Fontaineb, I., Gomesc, P. (2020). „How important are worker gross flows between public and private sector?“ p. 1-10
Dingel, J. I. and Neiman, B. (2020). “How many jobs can be done at home?” 26948, National bureau of economic research, Cambridge, MA 02138 Working Paper, p. 2-7. European Commission. “Eurostat regional yearbook”. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (2021): 66-81. European Council. “European Neighbourhood Policy Annual report – Georgia”. (2011):8-15.
Fetzer, Thiemo., Hensel, Lukas., Hermle, Johannes., Roth, Christopher. “Coronavirus Perceptions And Economic Anxiety”, forthcoming at Review of Economics and Statistics. (2020):13-35.
ILO, “The role of digital labour platformes in transforming The world of work”, World Employment and Social Outlook, (2021):10-12. Lane, Marguerita. (2020), "Regulating platform work in the digital age". OECD ,Going Digital Toolkit Policy Note, No. 1 (2020):14-17.In the conditions of the global pandemic, remote employment has become an important factor in ensuring the continuity of labor activities of individual socio-demographic groups of the population. At the same time, its spread in Georgia has a kind of "forced" character, and it is not an evolutionary way of replacing standard forms of employment with non-standard ones approved in the West. In fact, the process has evolved in a revolutionary way under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic. As empirical research has shown, the legal remote employment market is characterized by a growth trend according to the following indicators: number of participants, volume of turnover of the projects, professional status, age limit, involvement of low-competitive population, including people with disabilities, overcoming regional imbalances, reduction of general and administrative costs of business.
Two forms of remote employment are identified: full and hybrid. Empirical research has established the attitudes of employees towards the mentioned form of employment in the post-pandemic period. It turns out that more than half of the surveyed employees (52%) will continue to work remotely if employers agree. In our opinion, the given percentage allows us to assert that remote employment has real prospects for spreading and developing in the national labor market. We also believe that if it were not for various hindering factors, the share of respondents wishing to have standard employment would be even lower than the results of the survey show
THE JEWISH THEME IN GEORGIAN CULTURE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Get PDFივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადებიდან 146-ე წლისთავისადმი მიძღვნილი სამეცნიერო კონფერენციაAmong the Georgian periodicals of the twentieth century, the issue of
the Jews was one of the most important topics. For centuries, the harmonious
coexistence between Georgians and Jews has had a certain impact on
the life and culture of both peoples. Jewish life has embraced a number of
Georgian rules, which are clearly manifested in the rituals of Jewish wedding,
burial, and mourning.
The Jews in Georgia were closely connected with the Georgians not
only by living in a common territory, but also by producing a common economic
base. They pursued agriculture together with Georgians, successfully
engaged in viticulture and winemaking. Along with agriculture, one part
of the Jews pursued handicrafts and domestic industry: metallurgy, carpentry,
handicrafts, carpentry, painting, and blacksmithing. Jewish artisans
formed their own workshops or small industrial associations − “communities”,
in which 2-3 artisans were united according to their main profession.
In Kartli (Gori, Tskhinvali) the Jews had wine and vodka bottling factories,
a tea-packing workshop, a shoemaker and a garment factory, and so on. In
Nikozi, the Jews owned small brick factories where they made alize, brick
and tile. They had sawmills, mills. Jewish meths were known in Racha. The
comparison of the way of life of the Georgian people and the ethnic groups
living in Georgia, the observation of the differences and similarities of the
elements of traditional cultures, assures us that the diversity in this field
is our wealth.
Georgian Jews actively participated in the political and public life of
Georgia, in particular, on May 26, 1918, an important political act of Georgian
independence was signed by three Jews: M. Davarashvili, I. Eligulashvili
and I. Goldman.
In 1918, the Georgian-language Jewish newspaper “Voice of a Jew”
started publishing in Kutaisi, and in 1924. The Georgian-language Hebrew
newspaper Makaveli was also published in Tbilisi. The Jewish Cultural-Educational
Foundation has been operating in the capital since 1993, with
the support of which the magazine “Step to the Torah” is published. From
the same year, the newspaper “Menora” was published, which systematically
provides readers with information about the ongoing processes in
Israel, and tells Georgian Jews living outside Georgia about the daily life
of Georgia. In 1990, a “Jewish Agency for Israel” was opened in Georgia, which continues
to participate in the construction of a Jewish state, It unites the Jews
of the world with inseparable ties, strengthens their spiritual and material
ties with the Israel of the XXI century, thus promoting a unique phenomenon
− the 26th century brotherly coexistence of the Georgian and Jewish
peoples
სესხი (თავი წიგნში (საქართველოს სამოქალაქო კოდექსის 623-628 მუხლების კომენტარი))
Get PDFსამოქალაქო კოდექსის კომენტარის მიზანს წარმოადგენს სამოქალაქო კოდექსის მუხლების სტრუქტურირებული და სისტემური განხილვა სასამართლო, განსაკუთრებით საქართველოს უზენაესი სასამართლოს პრაქტიკის, იურიდიული ლიტერატურისა და რელევანტური საკანონმდებლო მასალის საფუძველზე.
ავტორებმა მიზნად დაისახეს კომენტარის დაახლოება სამართლებრივ პრაქტიკასთან და მასში სამოქალაქო კოდექსის გამოყენების საკითხების ასახვა. თეორიული დებულებები და დისკუსიები მხოლოდ ამ ასპექტით განიხილება.
სამოქალაქო კოდექსის კომენტარი უმთავრესად განკუთვნილია იურიდიული პროფესიების წარმომადგენელთათვის. როგორც ადვოკატების, მოსამართლეების, ნოტარიუსების, საწარმოს იურისტების, მეცნიერი იურისტების, სამართლისმცოდნეობის სტუდენტების სამაგიდო წიგნი, კომენტარი ცდილობს დაამკვიდროს იურიდიული ენის მაღალი სტანდარტები და განამტკიცოს სამართლებრივ პრაქტიკასა თუ სამართლის მეცნიერებაში აღიარებული იურიდიული ცნებები და ტერმინები. ამავდროულად, კომენტარის ტექსტი გასაგებია არაიურისტებისთვისაც და მათ აძლევს საჭირო ინფორმაციას სამოქალაქო კოდექსის გამოყენების ცალკეულ საკითხებზე. კომენტარის სტრუქტურა და შინაარსი შეესაბამება კომენტარების აღიარებულ სტანდარტებს
Challenges of higher Education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (უმაღლესი განათლების გამოწვევები COVID -19 პანდემიის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. ბერგვაძე თ. – ექსპერტი, უმაღლესი განათლებისა და მეცნიერების სტრატეგიული განვითარება საქართველოში,
უმაღლესი განათლება და დასაქმება, 2013.
2. ჩიქავა ლ. დასაქმება და უმუშევრობა საქართველოში,საქართველოს ეკონომიკურ მეცნიერებათა აკადემია,
გამომცემლობა „უნივერსალი”, თბ. 2012.
3. Jaison R. Abel and Richard Deitz, The Role of Colleges and Universities in Building Local Human Capital; 1 Nov; 2011.
4. Kwatiah N., Article, Human Capital Formation: Meaning, Importance and Composition, 2016
სტატია ჟურნალში:
1. ანანიაშვილი ი. საქართველოს ეკონომიკის პოტენციური მთლიანი შიგა პროდუქტისა და უმუშევრობის
ბუნებრივი დონის ეკონომეტრიკული შეფასება. ჟურნალი ”ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი”, №5, სექტემბერი-ოქტომბერი,
2010
2. გოგნაძე, თ. (2018). დისტანციური სწავლება განათლების სისტემაში: არსი, მნიშვნელობა. ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი,
ტ. XI N 3.
3. სარიშვილი, ს. (2016). რა ეტაპზეა ელექტრონული სწავლება საქართველოში. Retrieved from http://www.edu.aris.ge
4. ცარციძე მ., შრომის ბაზრის აქტიური პოლიტიკა და ახალგაზრდების დასაქმების თავისებურებები
საქართველოში, ჟურნალი ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი , N2, 2019 წ.
5. Chen, A. S. (2016). Online Education and Its Effective Practice: A Research Review. Glassboro, NJ, USA: Journal of
Information Technology Education: Research.
6. Human Capital and its Measurement, The 3rd OECD World Forum on “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy” Charting
Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life Busan, Korea - 27-30 October 2009
7. Samir M. Abou El-Seoud, I. A.-E.-K. E-Learning and Students’ Motivation: A Research Study on the Effect of E-Learning
on. Emerging Technologies in Learning 2013.The article discusses the impact of higher education on the value of human capital and the impact of human
capital on employment effectiveness. The focus is on the outcome of using the distance learning method in the
Covid-19 pandemic. Education and science are distinctly priority areas for the development of the country and are
targeted for long-term results. Countries with high levels of human capital have higher wages, more innovation,
faster population and employment growth, and greater prospects as the economy changes over time. It is important
to determine which factors contribute to the large difference in human capital levels by territorial mark. One such
factor is the existence of a higher education system. Business development depends on the high technological level,
the mentioned increase in demand for workers with higher education, which in turn leads to an increase in
demand for human capital.
The article draws conclusions about the challenges of higher education in a pandemic and presents
recommendations for solving the proble
Birth and death statistics in post-soviet Georgia (შობადობის და მოკვდაობის სტატისტიკა პოსტსაბჭოთა საქართველოში)
Get PDF1. დემოგრაფიული ვითარება საქართველოში 2019 წელს. თბ., 2020.
2. დემოგრაფიული ვითარება საქართველოში 2020 წელს. თბ., 2021.
3. საქართველოს სტატისტიკური წელიწდეული 2006. თბ., 2007.
4. მერაბ ხმალაძე. საქართველოს მოსახლეობის აღწარმოების კანონზომიერებები და ეკონომიკური შედეგები. დისერტაცია ეკონომიკურ მეცნიერებათა დოქტორის სამეცნიერო ხარისხის
მოსაპოვებლად. თბ., 1995.
5. მერაბ ხმალაძე. ქეთევან ჩიტალაძე. დემოგრაფიული სტატისტიკა. თბ., 2020.
6. Geostatge• The sharp decline in the birth rate began in 1992, which reached the lowest point in the history of
Georgia in 2002. Despite a slight increase since then, it still fails to meet the extended reproduction
requirements of the population;
• As a result of the COVIC-19 pandemic, the number of births in 2019-2020 decreased from 48.3 thousand
to 46.5 thousand;
• A situation that did not exist before was established in post-Soviet Georgia.In particular, general birth
rates are higher in urban areas than to compare with the rural areas;
• In the post-Soviet period, the birth rate decreased in women aged below 25 years and increased in
women aged 25 and older, which was not observed in the Soviet period. It seems that the pursuit of a
career has shifted the age of childbearing and marriage, which has also increased significantly. Birth rate
would be significantly lower if not for the positive impact of age structure;
• The current demographic situation requires implementation of both short-term and long-term active
demographic policies;
• Average life expectancy has deteriorated in post-Soviet Georgia;
• The difference in life expectancy between women and men has increased;
• Coronavirus hit the country hard in 2020-2021
Compliance of higher education reform results with international labor market requirements in the Baltic Countries (უმაღლესი განათლების რეფორმის შედეგების შესაბამისობა საერთაშორისო შრომის ბაზრის მოთხოვნებთან ბალტიისპირეთის ქვეყნებში)
Get PDF1. Bertola, G., Boeri, T. and S. Cazes (1999), “Employment protection and labour market adjustment in
OECD countries: Evolving Institutions and variable enforcement”.
2. Carley, M. (2002), “Industrial relations in the EU Member States and Candidate Countries.”
3. Hahn, F. (1998), “Labour market flexibility and welfare”, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia Politica
No. 223, Universita degli Studi di Siena.
4. Labour Market and Social Policies in the Baltic Countries (OECD, 18 Mar. 2003).
5. World Economic Forum. The Future of Jobs Report 2020
6. კაცარციძე მ. (2019), ჟურნალი ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი, შრომის ბაზრის აქტიური პოლიტიკა
და ახალგაზრდების დასაქმების თავისებურებები საქართველოში;
7. ლეჟავა დიანა, ამაშუკელი მარიამ. (2015) აკადემიური პროგრამების შედეგებსა და
დასაქმების ბაზრის მოთხოვნებს შორის შესაბამისობის კვლევა სოციალურ მეცნიერებებში
(კვლევის ანაგარიში);
8. https://www.oecd.org/estonia/labourmarketandsocialpoliciesinthebalticcountries.htmAt all levels of human capital, includes additional qualified labor resources, quality of life, tools and
technologies that ensure the implementation of competitive advantages of national HC, effective functioning
of HC as an intensive factor in innovation, intellectual work and development. National human capital is
formed through investments in upbringing, education, culture, public health, professionalism, raising the
standard and quality of life of the population.
The human resources of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are the most valuable assets of these countries. As
small countries with relatively limited natural resources, the future of the Baltic countries will depend on the
knowledge and skills of their people.
The article aims to assess the control of employment protection regulation, one of the most important
aspects of labor market flexibility, and the degree of its actual enforcement, for the Baltic States. Conclusions
are made regarding the compliance of the level of the education system in the Baltic countries with the
international requirements of the labor market.
Progress in education reform in the Baltic counters depends on reforms in other areas of public policy.
These areas include public administration reform, alignment of public service policy and public financial policy
with education reform.
The regulation of labor relations in the Baltic counters generally complies with international standards. As
for laws, most regulations are due to special laws on labor relations, and labor relations are regulated by labor
contracts
Transformation of forms of employment in the context of the global pandemic (დასაქმების ფორმების ტრანსფორმაცია გლობალური პანდემიის პირობებში)
Get PDF1. გელაშვილის., მინდორაშვილი მ., აბესაძე ნ., ოქრუაშვილი მ., ქუცურუა ქ., ფანცულაია ნ., გელაშვილი ნ. COVID-19
პანდემიის გავლენა საქართველოს მოსახლეობის ცხოვრების სტანდარტზე. მონოგრაფია. თსუ-ის გამომცემლობა,
თბილისი, 2021 წელი;
2. გველესიანი რ. შრომის ბაზრისა და დასაქმების პოლიტიკის წინააღმდეგობები და წარმატების სტრატეგია. ეკონომიკა
და ბიზნესი, №4,2010 წელი;
3. მექვაბიშვილი ე. კორონომიკური კრიზისის გამოწვევები მსოფლიოსა და საქართველოსთვის. ჟურნალი „ეკონომიკა
და ბიზნესი“. N1, 2021 წელი. (tsu.ge);
4. პაპავავ., ჭარაიავ. კორონომიკური კრიზისი და საქართველოს ეკონომიკის ზოგიერთი გამოწვევა. ექსპერტის აზრი.
N136. საქართველოს სტარტეგიისა და საერთაშორისო ურთიერთობათა კვლევის ფონდი. თბილისი. 2020 წელი.
(GFSIS.ORG);
5. პაპავა ვ. კორონომიკა და ეკონომიკა კრიზისის წინაშე. 21 მარტი, 2020. https://for.ge/view/ 182671/koronomika-daekonomika-krizisis-winaSe.html;
6. პაპავა ვ. კორონომიკა და თვისებრივად ახალი ეკონომიკური კრიზისი. ჟურნალი „ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი“, “Ekonomics
and Business”ტომიXII, N2, 2020 წ. http://eb.tsu.ge/?cat=nomer&leng=ge;
7. ტუხაშვილი მ. საქართველოს მოსახლეობის ტერიტორიული მობილობის კვლევის სტრატეგიის შესახებ. ჟურნალი
„მიგრაცია“, N7. თსუგამომცემლობა, 2017 წელი;
8. ტყემალაძე ი. დასაქმების სახელმწიფო პოლიტიკა კოვიდ-19-ის პანდემიით გამოწვეული კრიზისის პირობებში
საქართველოში. ჟურნალი „გლობალიზაცია და ბიზნესი“, N12, 2021;
9. ტყემალაძე ი. დისტანციური დასაქმების როლი COVID-19-ის პანდემიის უარყო-ფითი შედეგების შემცირებაში. თსუის პაატა გუგუშვილის ეკონომიკის ინსტიტუტი. საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო ინტერნეტკონფერენცია „თანამედროვე
მსოფლიოს ეკონომიკური პრობლემები“. თბილისი, 2020 წელი;
10. ღაღანიძეგ. მსოფლიო ეკონომიკა პანდემიამდე, პანდემიის დროს და პანდემიის შემდეგ. ჟურნალი „ეკონომიკა და
ბიზნესი“, ტომი XII, N2, 2020 წელი. http://eb.tsu.ge/?cat=nomer&leng=ge;
11. ჩიქობავა მ. COVID-19, როგორც ჰიბრიდული ომის ერთ-ერთი ფორმა. გლობალიზაცია და ბიზნესი, N10, 2020 წელი.
gb-N10.pdf (eugb.ge);
12. ცარციძე მ. დისტანციური დასაქმები სგანვითარების პერსპექტივები საქართველოში კორონომიკის პირობებში.
სამეცნიერო-პრაქტიკული ჟურნალი „გლობალიზაცია და ბიზნესი“, N10, ევროპის უნივერსიტეტი, თბილისი 2020 წ.
ISSN 2449-2396. eugb.ge;
13. ცარციძე მ., ლაცაბიძე ნ.შრომის ბაზარი და არაფორმალური დასაქმების თავისებურებები გლობალური პანდემიის
პირობებში. სამეცნიერო-პრაქტიკული ჟურნალი „გლობალიზაცია და ბიზნესი“, N12, ევროპის უნივერსიტეტი,
თბილისი, 2021წელი. ISSN 2449-2396. (eugb.ge);
14. Anderson, Heather., Caggiano, Giovanni., Vahid, Farshid., Wong, Benjamin. “Sectoral Employment Dynamics in Australia and
the COVID-19 Pandemic”. The Australian Economic Review, vol. 53, no. 3 (2020);
15. Beck, Ulrich. „The Brave New World of Work“.Cambridge: Polity Press, (2014);
16. Blinder, Alan S. "Building Bridges to Help the Economy Through Covid," The Wall Street Journal,December(2020);
17. Beland, Louis-Philipp. “COVID-19, Stay-At-Home Orders and Employment: Evidence from CPS Data” IZA DP No. 13282 (2020);
18. Barrot, Jean-Noel. “The Employment Effects of Faster Payment: Evidence from the Federal Quickpay Reform”. Journal of Finance
(The), vol. 75, n° 6, pp 3139-3173, (in coll. with R. NANDA). (2020). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jofi.12955;
19. Coibion, Olivier., Gorodnichenko, Yuriy., Ropele, Tiziano.“Inflation Expectations and Firm Decisions: New Causal Evidence”,
Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, (2020);
20. Countries in 1990s”. World Bank, Social Protection Discussion Paper Series No. 2002;
21. Dingel, Jonathan I. and Neiman, Brent.“How many jobs can be done at home?” 26948, National bureau of economic research,
Cambridge, MA 02138 Working Paper, (2020);
22. Forteza, Alvaro; Rama, Martin. “Labor Market "Rigidity" and the Success of Economic Reforms across More than 100
Countries”. Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2521. World Bank, Washington, (2001);
23. Fetzer, Thiemo., Hensel, Lukas., Hermle, Johannes., Roth, Christopher. “Coronavirus Perceptions And Economic Anxiety”,
forthcoming at Review of Economics and Statistics. (2020);
24. Riboud, Michelle., Sanchez-Paramo,Carolina., Silva-Jauregui, Carlos. .”DoesEurosclerosis Matter? Institutional Reform and
Labour Market Performance in Central and Eastern European Countries in 1990s”. World Bank, Social Protection Discussion
Paper Series No. 0202. (2002);
25. Standing, Guy.“Global Labour Flexibility: Seeking Distributive Justice”. Basingstoke: Macmillan,(1999);.
26. Silagadze A. Atanelishvili T. The Main Economic Indicators of the EU and Georgia “Topical Problems of the Development of
Economy and Economic Science.” Collection of scholarly works of Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics TSU, 2014;
27. Tukhashvili M. Georgian Labour Market in the condition of Political and Economic Crisis. In the book:Youth Employment:
Challenges and Opportunites. Timisoara.Eurostampa, 2012;
28. Wielen, van der Wouter.,Barrios, Salvador. “Fear and Employment During the COVID Pandemic: Evidence from Search
Behaviour in the EU”, JRC Working Papers on Taxation and Structural Reforms No 08/2020, European Commission. (2020).
https://voxeu.org/article/fear-and-employment-during-covid-pandemic;
29. Ваенкевич В.Е., Зайцева О.В. Нестандартная занятость: сущность, формы, масштабы, регулирование// Белорусский
экономический журнал. 2015. Стр. 131. http://bem.bseu.by/rus/archive/3.15/BEJ-3-2015-vankevich-zaytseva.pdf.
30. Котляров И.Д. Нестандартные формы занятости: позитивные, негативные, нейтральные//JournalofEconomicRegulation
(Вопросы регулирования экономики) 2015. Том 6. №4.с. 3.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/.
31. Мусаев Б.А. Нестандартная занятость как форма реализации условий нового экономического уклада/ Интернет-журнал
«НАУКОВЕДЕНИЕ» Том 9, №2 (2017) http://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/59EVN217.pdf. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/;
32. Потуданская В.Ф., Мокрецова А.В. Классификация нестандартных форм занятости//Бизнес. Образование. Право. Вестник
Волгоградского института бизнеса. 2012;(1)(18). Стр. 77.https://www.elibrary.ru/item.
33. Полная статистика по удалённой работе за 2021 год во всем мире - Promopoisk;
34. Разумов А., Цыганкова И., Антонова Г. Никишина О. Нестандартная занятость как форма использования рабочего
времени (российский и зарубежный опыт).Москва. Издательство «Дашков и К», 2019г.
35. 12 стран мира с самой высокой долей удаленных сотрудников (vesti.ru);In the conditions of the modern global pandemic, a necessary condition for economic development
represents the formation of a flexible labor market that adequately responds to the rapidly changing conditions of
the economic system. Such non-standard forms of employment and working hours have spread, as: various types of
borrowed labor (staff leasing, outsourcing, outstaffing); Remote employment, various forms of television work;
Freelancers, and more. They are considered to be tools for adapting to the constantly changing conditions of the
economy and therefore the main purpose of their use is to realize the interests of labor market entities. In addition,
the practice of using modern forms of employment is characterized by the rational use of working time and it
significantly expands the employment opportunities of vulnerable groups (youth, women, disabled people, retirees,
etc.), as well as helps enterprises to overcome the crisis. Helps them to increase work efficiency and reduce
production costs, at the expense of optimal use of labor resources.
Accordingly, the scientific paper presents the peculiarities of the transformation of the main forms of
employment in developed countries, in the current global pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the study of the
development of non-standard forms of employment and the evaluation of their effectiveness. In particular, the
main conceptual approaches are discussed. The impact of Covid-19 on employment and the overall process of
economic development is studie
ამირანის მხატვრული სახე – გზა ფოლკლორიდან ლიტერატურამდე. ARTISTIC IMAGE OF AMIRANI – THE PATH FROM FOLKLORE TO LITERATURE
Get PDFThe Amirani epic is of ancient origin. Ancient authors noted that
there was a legend about a chained Goliath in the Caucasus. Over
time he has undergone some changes. Presumably, Amirani’s story
was created as a myth that reflected a universal model of adversarial
struggle. A cycle of legends later formed, which eventually took the
form of an epic.
Archaic layers are mixed with relatively new motifs, which led to
the controversial character of the main hero. It is difficult to determine
what changes have taken place in the content and structure of
the text, as records of the narrative date back to the 19th century. It
is from this period that interference with the text of the folk epic begins.
Sometimes the authors of the publications arbitrarily changed
the record, and the edited text influenced the work and its motifs.
The rise of the national liberation movement in Georgia has
led to a new understanding of Amirani. It was at this time that the
chained hero began to be ostracized, and his release was linked to
the restoration of social equality. To present the national roots, it
became necessary to have the image of a common Kartvelian hero,
which would have a symbolic meaning. This was the reason why
Amirani became a general Georgian hero. The 20th century inherited
Amirani’s distinctive heroic pathos and became the bearer of the
idea of freedom of the homeland in Georgian literature
Methods for achievements of high reliability and utility of modern data centers (თანამედროვე მონაცემთა ცენტრების მაღალი საიმედოობისა და სარგებლიანობის უზრუნვეყოფის მეთოდები)
Get PDF1. მონაცემთა ცენტრის ინფრასტრუქტურის სახელმძღვანელო;Data Center Infrastructure Resource Guide - 12H0013X00 © 2012 Anixter Inc. • 09/12 • 251984 - https://www.anixter.com/content/dam/Anixter/Guide/12H0013X00-Data-Center-Resource-Guide-EN-US.pdf
2. Sjaak Laan, IT Infrastructure Architecture. Infrastructure Building Blocks and Concepts, e-book, 2012; სიაკ ლაანი, IT-ინფრასტრუქტურის არქიტექტურა. კონცეპტები და კომპონენტები, ელ. წიგნი, 2012
3. Tier Classification System; მონაცემთა ცენტრის დონეთა კლასიფიკაციის სისტემა - https://uptimeinstitute.com/tiershttps://uptimeinstitute.com/tier-certification;
4. O. Namicheishvili, Reliability Theory, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 1984; ო. ნამიჩეიშვილი - საიმედოობის თეორია. თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა. თბილისი 1984.The paper discusses the principles of building modern data centers for business organizations, as well as methods for determining their reliability and availability. Formulas for calculating reliability for different connection types and different device reservations (sequential, parallel, or mixed) with certain assumptions are provided. Using these calculations makes it possible to estimate the average downtime of the whole data center for a calendar year. Topics covered in the paper will be helpful both for technical and financial managers in business organizations to evaluate and define the volume of purchases and work required for building new data centers or rebuilding existing ones
ლექსიკური ასპექტი სპეციალობის ენის სწავლების პროცესში. THE LEXICAL ASPECT OF THE SPECIALTY LANGUAGE TEACHING PROCESS
Get PDFIn the absences of a language environment teaching the language
of the specialty comes to the fore in teaching Russian as a foreign
language in universities, first of all, the formation of the ability
to understand the read special text and extract information from it.
It does not follow from the foregoing that it is necessary to completely
abandon the development of speaking, listening and writing
skills, but the main task is to teach students to independently read
texts in their specialty (with and without a dictionary).
The material for studying at the university should be the scientific style of speech in com bi nation with the newspaper-journalistic
and formal-business style. The dominant or subordinate position of
a particular style is determined by the specialty of students: in technical
universities, the main one is the scientific style of speech, in
the classroom with law students, the main thing is to identify the
specific properties of the formal-business style and those features
of the scientific style of speech that are characteristic of the language
of jurisprudence. Legal texts combine elements of scientific
and formal-business speech, representing an ordered alternation of
different ways of presentation.
The initial course of teaching the language of the specialty of
lawyers (as well as students of any other specialty) is the assimilation
of terms and terminological phrases, as well as cliché sentences, therefore, it is natural to use in the learning process small adapted
texts, simplified in terms of syntax, but retaining most of the terms.
Special texts of a standardized form (for example, articles of
the criminal and civil codes) can be presented to students in an unadapted
form (at the same time in Russian and native languages).
Such texts are not exact translations of each other, but they have
the same structure and lexical match. This makes it possible to focus
students’ attention on the means of expressing adequate thoughts
in Russian and their native languages and use them as material for
translating from Russian into their native language and vice versa.
When presenting texts at the initial stage of training, it is desirable
to take into account the level of knowledge of students in the
specialty: if the content of the text is familiar to students, the teacher
has the opportunity to focus their attention on the form of expression
of familiar content. At the advanced stage of teaching, original
texts or with minimal adaptation are presented, and on their material
students get acquainted with the constructions of scientific and
official business styles, frequent in the language of jurisprudence,
and the means of connecting between sentences and paragraphs.
The quality of text comprehension is checked through various
control methods: checking understanding of phrases, short answers
to questions (“yes” or “no”) expressing agreement or disagreement
with the given provisions, find answers to questions in the text to
find specific information, select the correct option from several possible
answers, correlating terms with their definitions, presenting the
content of the text in the form of diagrams, translating the text or
part of it, etc.
As an additional material, even with insufficient preparation of
students, it is advisable to use problematic texts that provide ample
opportunities for speech and are close in content and language to texts in the specialty, e.g.: “Euthanasia – Crime or Mercy”, “Marriage
Contract – Pros and Cons”, “Adoption secrecy”.
Work on terms is also ongoing at this stage. This work is of different
types:
expanding the lexical compatibility of an already known term
and establishing the limits of its distribution (вынести, огласить,
опротестовать, обжаловать, отменить ПРИГОВОР; ПРИГОВОР
об ви нительный, оправдательный; ПРИГОВОР окончательный,
обжалованию не подлежит; ПРИГОВОР вступил в законную силу);
work on the compatibility of verbs, frequent in the language
of jurisprudence, with the subsequent transformation of verb phrases
into nominal ones (возложить/возлагать вину, обязанность –
возложение вины, обязанности);
work on verb-nominal phrases with desemantized verbs
(принести протест, вступить в наследство);
work on the differentiation of the meanings of single-root
words with different suffixes and prefixes in order to prevent errors in
their compatibility (злое лицо – злостное хулиганство, смертный
приговор – смертельный удар);
work on expanding the circle of lexemes with already known
derivational elements and introducing the concept of a derivation
model (следователь,исполнитель, даритель);
work on establishing systemic links between new terminological
phrases and those already learned (заключить договор
– расторгнуть договор, дать показания – отказа¬ться от дачи
показаний)