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Greek and Latin Inscriptions from Classical Antiquity for History of Georgia
No full textპროექტი „ანტიკური ხანის ბერძნულ-რომაული ეპიგრაფიკა, როგორც საქართველოს
ისტორიის წყარო“ განხორციელდა შოთა რუსთაველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის მიერ დაფინანსებული ფუნდამენტური კვლევებისთვის სახელმწიფო სამეცნიერო გრანტის მეშვეობით./
The Project “Greek and Roman Epigraphy of the Graeco-Roman Era as a Source for Georgian History” was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG).ანტიკური ხანის ბერძნული და ლათინური ეპიგრაფიკული ძეგლები საქართველოს
ისტორიის მნიშვნელოვან წყაროს წარმოადგენს. მათ გარეშე ანტიკური ხანის იბერიის/
ქართლის ისტორია მხოლოდ გვიანდელ ქართულ და თანადროულ ბერძნულ-რომაულ
ნარატიულ წყაროებზე იქნებოდა დაფუძნებული, რაც მნიშვნელოვანი ასპექტების
დაზუსტების საშუალებას საკმარისად არ იძლევა. დასავლეთ საქართველოს (კოლხეთი) ისტორია, დასავლურქართული ისტორიული მეხსიერების დენონსაციის გამო, ფაქტობრივად სრულად ბერძნულ-რომაულ ნარატიულ, ეპიგრაფიკულ და ნუმიზმატიკურ წყაროებზეა დამოკიდებული. წინამდებარე მონოგრაფია მიზნად ისახავს, უკანასკნელი აღმოჩენების კვალდაკვალ, ბერძნული და ლათინური ეპიგრაფიკული წყაროების როგორც ახლებურ ინტერპრეტაციას, ისე რამდენიმე ახალი წარწერის შემოტანას სამეცნიერო მიმოქცევაში. წიგნი განკუთვნილია როგორც სპეციალისტებისთვის, ისე საქართველოს ისტორიით და ბერძნულ-რომაული ეპიგრაფიკით დაინტერესებული მკითხველთა ფართო წრისათვის.
Greek and Latin Inscriptions from Classical Antiquity represent very important source of Georgian History. If not them, history of Kartli/Iberia would have been based only on later Georgian or contemporary Greek and Roman narrative sources and this is not sufficient. On the other hand, history of western Georgia (Colchis), as a result of denunciation of western Georgian historical memory, is based mostly on Greek and Roman narrative, epigraphic and numismatic material. The book intends to bring in fresh interpretations on well-known Greek and Latin inscriptions and also introduce some new ones to scientific community. The book is intended for scholars, also for the wider audience interested in history of Georgia and in Greek and Latin epigraphy as well
Relevance of time management in the modern world
No full text1. ხარხელი, მ., & მორჩილაძე, გ. (2016). დროის მენეჯმენტი. თბილისი.
2. BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapman, S. W., & Rupured, M. (2008). Time Management: 10 strategies for better time
management.
3. Eisenhower Matrix. (б.д.). Получено из https://www.productplan.com:
https://www.productplan.com/glossary/eisenhower-matrix/
4. Trace, B. (2010). Goals. San Francisco,, USA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Nowadays, modern processes have clearly shown us ho much we need to keep pace with the
passage of time. In the conditions of the fast pace of life, it is important that decisions within the organization
and in personal life are made on time, therefore it is necessary that people pay special attention
to the issues of time management, analyze what problems exist and try to solve these problems.
The covid pandemic has made it even more clear how precious the time we have is. Its correct
use, accurate sorting and distribution of priorities make people’s lives easier and helps to achieve
the set goal. Accordingly, it can be said that neglecting time management is disastrous for both individuals
and organizations.
The article deals with the relevance of time management, related difficulties and ways to solve
them. Also, the article discusses the effective ways of managing time proposed by various scientists
and makes recommendations that can be used more effectivel
The Soviet period before the Second World War in the territorial movement of the population of Georgia
No full text1. იაშვილი პ. (1928). სოფლის მოსახლეობის გასვლა გარე სარეწავზე 1924-1925 და 1925-1926 წლებში.
საქართველოს ეკონომისტი. #7-8. გვ.97-100
2. ოქროპირიძე გ. (1929). გადასახლების საჭიროება და შესაძლებლობა საქართველოში1924-1923.
საქართველოს ეკონომისტი. #3. გვ.27-34
3. ტუხაშვილი მ. (2008). რუსული დიასპორა საქართველოში: დემოგრაფიული და შრომითი სტრუქტურა.
კრებულში:Economics Problems in Transition Cauntres.Tbilisi. p.67
4. ხმალაძე მ. (2021). თბილისის დემოგრაფია. საერთაშორისო კონფერენციის „გლობალიზაცია
ეკონომიკასა და ბიზნესში“. შრომების კრებული. თბილისი. გვ.175
5. Demosope Weekly. #331-332
6. Джаошвили В. (1978). Урбанизазия Грузии. Тбилиси,с.141The twenty-year Soviet period before the Second World War is characterized by the high intensity
of both external and internal migration. The positive balance of foreign immigration is particularly
noteworthy due to which, the significant reduction of the relative weight of the native Georgian
and Abkhazian population of Georgia could be observed. In the mentioned period, on the one hand,
the rapid industrial development of Georgia and the industrial traditions of the local population developed
to a lesser degree then, caused the immigration of a large contingent of workers from the
central regions of Russia to Georgia. On the other hand, a large-scale famine in Russia-Ukraine in the
unfavorable years of 1922 and 1933, caused a large contingent of the population to move to the peripheries
that enhanced the incentives to settle in Georgia. In the pre-war period, the process of urbanization
of Georgia was accelerated, while the process of organized internal migration became very intense
Golden Land behind the Mountains The Caucasus in the Novel of Mór Jókai
No full textGeorgia had always been considered to be an ancient and
fairy-tale land in Europe. As one of the possible starting points
of human civilization, the geographically and linguistically diverse
cultural space shaped several theories on history during the
18-19th century. Therefore, the land was a source of inspiration
for Hungarian authors as well, providing them with historical
ideas on the „Caucasus” – surrounded by clouds and mystery.
Among them, we have to necessarily mention “The Great Hungarian
Story-teller”, Mór Jókai (1825 – 1904), who was also inspired
by Georgia. The presentation ensembles the concepts on Georgia
created by Hungarian intellectuals in this period and focuses
on the relation between fiction and reality in the novel of Mór
Jqkai, Görögtűz (Greek Fire, 1877)
Introduction to the Arabic Translation of St. Sabas Typicon
No full textეძღვნება აკადემიკოს ზაზა ალექსიძის ხსოვნას (1935 – 2023)/
Dedicated to Memory of Academician Zaza Aleksidze (1935 – 2023)It is known that the processes of Greek-Arabic translation have a long tradition in the
Middle East. As during the Umayyad period, and especially during the Abbasid period,
almost all fields, including religious literature, were translated from Greek into Arabic. It
is worth noting that both Muslims and Syriac- and Arabic-speaking Christians played an
important role in the development of Greco-Arabic translation activity).
Christian Arabic literature is divided into two stages: the first stage (VIII-XIII
centuries) – Christian Arabic culture is nourished by Byzantine and Eastern traditions; The
second stage (starting from the 16th century) is associated with more Latin (European)
traditions (Graf, 1946, 38). The 17th century deserves special attention, when a period of
cultural awakening began in Orthodox society, in particular in the Patriarchate of Antioch,
worthy of celebration and study. In addition, the appearance of European missionaries in
the region played a major role in the beginning of the new stage, which contributed to an
increase in the level of education among the Arabic-speaking clergy.
From the 16th-17th centuries, the existing and scattered Christian Arabic heritage
began to be collected in the Patriarchate of Antioch. Here, first of all, we mean the
collection and study of ancient Christian Arabic manuscripts. The clergy took special
measures in the parish and within the clergy themselves to improve the level of education.
Among such figures, Meletius Karma and Macarius of Antioch stand out. Under their
leadership, these events were carried out in Syria and Lebanon. It was in the 17th century
that Arabic was declared the only language of worship. Before this, the position of Syriac
in the liturgy was very important. It was not until the 17th century that the Arabic typicon
of Byzantine liturgy, if it can be called that, was created in its complete form. It was originnally translated from Greek into Arabic. Also, new translations directly from Greek
were made in other branches of the sacred scriptures (translations of the Bible, theological
and historical works, etc.). New collections and original studies on history, hagiography
and theology were also created.
This article presents the introductory part of the Arabic translation of the Typikon of
St. Sabas Lavra.
A translation of the Typikon of St. Sabas Lavra is included in an Arabic manuscript
of Lebanese origin from the Balamand Monastery (Mrs. Balamand 94).
Manuscript 94 is written on paper with a cardboard cover. The name of the author
and the date of translation are known. It has 209 pages, some of them damaged and faded.
From this manuscript, the monastic typikon consists of 169 pages. The manuscript is
written in Arabic in Naskh script. Uses black and red ink. The latter is used by the author
in those places where he wants to emphasize a particular sentence or word. In some places
we see a rhombic symbol in the shape of a cross with four points. The author also uses red
ink to indicate the spelling sign “comma”. On each page the text is presented in two
columns. Each chapter is separated by capital letters
კერძო სამართლის მიმოხილვა
No full textკერძო სამართლის მიმოხილვის მეხუთე ნომერი ეძღვნება ეძღვნება: კერძო და საჯარო სამართლის ურთიერთმიმართების თანამედროვე გამოწვევებს, დასავლური სამართლის გავლენას აღმოსავლეთის ქვეყნებზე და მოიცავს დამოუკიდებელ სტატიებს. გამოცემა მომზადდა ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფოუნივერსიტეტის იურიდიული ფაკულტეტის თანამედროვე კერძო სამართლის ინსტიტუტის მიერ
For the Terminological Nest expressing Human Spiritual Activity in Georgian (Georg.: gonebis tvali "eye of the mind", gonebis quri "ear of the mind", gulis tvali "eye of the heart", gulis quri "ear of the heart")
No full textIn his work “The Issues of the Georgian Language and History
of Writing” (1956), Iv. Javakhishvili represents the trustful
observation of the starting religious semantical functioning of
some Old Georgian word combinations such as − old Georg. gonebis
tualni "eyes of the mind" and old Georg. gonebis qurni
“ears of the mind".
These terms were used to deliver a “significant feature of
the human spirit action” due to which an object is perceived not
“by means of eyes and ears”, but only by mind implying that
„only through the human mind can be the inner mental functioning
carried on“ and as for the organ of speech, in this case it
remains silent. Human mind is the organ which directs this invisible
action and as for the words they “transmit only what is inside
the mind”. The scientist notes that both these terms „were
forgotten by the Georgian writers through the followed times
and thus, the famous writer and scientist Sulknan-Saba Orbeliani
did not include them into his dictionary“.
Among the word-combinations (terms) under the discussion,
the old Georg. term gonebis quri “ear of the mind" is not functioning including nowadays though it preserved the its old
functional semantics; as for the old Georg. term gonebis tuali
"eye of the mind", it also is not reflected in Sulkhan-Saba dictionary;
though the old Georg. term gulis quri "ear of the heart",
which is structurally similar to the above mentioned terms, is
explained in the dictionary and it is met in the text of the Old
Georgian piece of literature named “Tortures of St. Habo” (VIII
century, the author is Iovane Sabanisdze): "qurni gulisa da gonebisa
tquenisani“ − "the ears of the your heart and mind". We
have also a word-combination term in Old Georgian − gulis tuali
"eye of the heart" − literraly tualni gulisani "the eyes are the
heart" (Ephessians 1, 17-18), where the term heart (Georg. guli)
preserves the semantics of the "mind".
All four terms (gonebis tuali, gonebis quri, gulis tuali and
gulis quri) convey the true meaning of the synergy of mind and
heart, which is clearly reflected in Scripture (e.g.: 3 Kings 3, 15,
Book of Joshua 14, 7-8; Matthew 6, 21-22; Luke 24, 45; John 1, 1;
Acts 2, 1-1; 4, 32; 1 Corinthians 14, 15 and others); resulted out of
this, we see the inclusive terminological nest of the terms expressed
through the Old Georgian word-combinations containing
such components as “mind”, “heart” “eye” and “ear”.
All four types of "phraseological" terms reflect the formulation
of Godly lifestyle Choice, in which the determining function
is given to God-loving mind, along with a purified heart
EPISTLE OF GIORGI MTSIRE TO ST. GIORGI MTATSMINDELI (ATHONITHE)
No full texthttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.htmlGiorgi Mtsireʼs epistle, which precedes his hagiographic work “The life of St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli”, has historical and rhetorical value. It helps us to understand the purpose of the writer-hagiographer, the purpose of the epistle, in determining the importance of works about St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli, in understanding the relationship between Giorgi Mtatsmindeli and Giorgi Mtsire, their education, their place in society, authority, and most importantly, their spiritual image, the purpose of the works and the date of writing, the characteristics of hagiographic genre works, the theological knowledge of the writer, in the perception of worldview and artistic thinking space. Georgian hagiography uses the epistolary style to trace its purposefulness. They weaved their worldview, literary-aesthetic views, which reflected the spirit of the era, social situation and requirements.
The observation proves that the archetype of the epistle of Giorgi Mtsire, as well as the epistle of Samoel Catholicos of Kartli and Iovane Sabanisdze, is the epistolary part of the New Testament, the seven Catholic epistles and the fourteen epistles of Paul, but they differ from each other. The difference between the epistolary heritage of the New Testament and, in general, the epistles of hagiography, in particular, the epistle of Giorgi Mtsire, is visible. The main purpose of the epistles of the apostles was to preach the Christian doctrine, while the epistle used for hagiographic works has a different purpose, it informs the reader about the necessity of creating the works, and informs him of the situation due to which it was created. As a result of the observation, it was revealed that the epistle with an individuality of Giorgi Mtsire has the greatest theological and literary significance. In his epistle, the hagiographer brought his main point to the reader, presented the basis of his writings, and explained the purpose of his writings
Vapshe Ara: Attitudes of English Philology Students in Georgia Towards the Russian Language
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.52340/PUTK.2023.2346-8149.05This article explores the beliefs and attitudes of English Philology students in Georgia towards the Russian language, focusing on Russia’s linguistic prestige and history within Georgia, and the current state of Russian-Georgian relations.
The study employs a qualitative research approach through interviews and contrastive analysis to investigate linguistic prestige, models for language context, relevant educational and language policy, and student perspectives. This exploration is rooted in sociolinguists, though draws from linguistic anthropology, and political science, taking an interdisciplinary approach to the subject. The study seeks to answer various research questions, including the role of Russian in contemporary and historical Georgia, the factors that influence the students' perceptions of the Russian language, and how historical context shapes linguistic attitudes.
The findings suggest that the status of Russian in Georgia reflects the country’s historical, cultural, and political context, where the promotion of both Georgian national identity and language, as well as the English language, has led to the marginalization of Russian in most domains. Additionally, the research underscores the significant role of the legacy of the Soviet occupation in shaping the views of English Philology students toward the Russian language. Overall, this article sheds light on the complex relationship between language, politics, and identity in contemporary Georgia
Warranty service accounting issues according to international financial reporting standards
No full text1. მაისურაძე მ., ვარდიაშვილი მ. (2016). ამონაგებთან დაკავშირებული კონტრაქტების აღრიცხვის
საკითხები საერთაშორისო სტანდარტების მიხედვით; http://eprints.tsu.ge/988/
2. კვატაშიძე ნ., გოგრიჭიანი ზ. (2016). შემოსავლების აღიარების ახალი მოდელი - ფასს 15 ამონაგები
კონტრაქტებიდან, http://eprints.tsu.ge/932/
3. ბასს 37 ,,ანარიცხები, პირობითი ვალდებულებები და პირობითი აქტივები“ (2020)
4. https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/604
5. ფასს 15 „ამონაგები მომხმარებლებთან გაფორმებული ხელშეკრულებებიდან“, (2020)
https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/580
6. ვარდიაშვილი მ. მაისურაძე მ. ჩიტაძე ხ. ფასს 15-ის გავლენის ანალიზი სამშენებლო
კონტრაქტებიდან ამონაგების აღიარებაზე (2022) https://tsu.ge/assets/media/files/7/
7. Vardiashvili M., Maisuradze M. (2017) ON RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE REVENUES ACCORDING
TO IFRS 15; https://www.researchgate.net/publication /319644520
8. Kvatashidze, N., Gogrichiani, Z., (2016) შემოსავლების აღიარების ახალი მოდელი - ფასს 15 ამონაგები
კონტრაქტებიდან New model of revenues recognition - IFRS 15 revenue from contracts with customers;
http://eprints.tsu.ge/932
9. Sabauri l., Vardiashvili M., Maisuradze M.( 2022) Methods for Measurement of Progress of Performance
Obligation under IFRS 15; Ecoforum; http://www.ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/issue/view/31
10. IFRS 15 for the construction industry – Multiple contracts that should be combined; (2018)
https://www.bdo.com
11. Сресели Н., Сресели Р. НОВЫЙ СТАНДАРТ ПРИЗНАНИЯ ДОХОДОВ – ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ,ВЫЗОВЫ, НОВШЕСТВА;
2016. pp 148-154, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321105489Thus, in order to account quality guarantee during the sale of the supplied product, enterprises
shall use IAS 37 – “ Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”, while in order to eliminate
defects arising during use, IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” shall be used