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Ivane Javakhishvili On Narrative Style of St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli
No full textIvane Javakhishvili's research on the narration of monuments
of ancient Georgian writing, namely About the style of St.
Giorgi Mtatsmindeli's hagiographic writings, which is expressed
in his fundamental work and the monograph published after his
death, they are "Old Georgian Historical Writing~ and The publication
of St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli's writings and the study attached
to it, acquired great importance for the general study of Georgian
religious and secular literature, historical writing, and the
conceptual issues of the Georgian Literary and Theological
School of Athos.
He was one of the first to pay attention and form his views
to St. About the codicological-textological issues, sources and
narrative style of Giorgi Mtatsmindeli's hagiographical works,
thereby drawing attention to the methodological views of the writer-hagiographer. In this regard, Ivane Javakhishvili directed
his observations to On the text of "The Life of St. John and St.
Ephvime Mtatsmindelis" as a historical work, but these observations
are also important from a philological-literary point of view.
According to the scientist, he had oral and written sources,
which he himself indicates. In modern research, we have the opportunity
to verify the mentioned issues with other sources,
which once again shows the scientific genius of Ivane Javakhishvili.
In these works, Ivane Javakhishvili used the terminology
used in theological and historical writings, namely "tskhoreva",
"dignified citizenship", "a letter to be remembered", "length of
time", "the coming of truth to science", "infallible" and others.
Discussed by The issue of St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli's hagiographic
narrative style, which presents the author as a truthful writer.
The report talks about the different opinions on each raised issue
based on historical and philological studies at the modern
stage.
The work presents the merits of Ivane Javakhishvili St. Giorgi
Mtatsmindeli's hagiographic works. In determining the sources,
textological processing, narrative style, epochal value of the
lives of Saints John and Ephvime in the context of the thought
space of the Middle Ages, based on the achievements of modern
philological-literary science
Narine Vardanyan, THE ARMENIAN CANONICAL COLLECTION IN LITERARY SOURCES AND COLOPHONS, Matenadaran Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts
No full textეძღვნება აკადემიკოს ზაზა ალექსიძის ხსოვნას (1935 – 2023)/
Dedicated to Memory of Academician Zaza Aleksidze (1935 – 2023)The Armenian canonical collection was formed in stages. Being composed in the 5th
century, the Armenian Book of Canons was continually edited and gradually expanded in
the following centuries, including new canonic groups. It has reached us in numerous
editions similar to, or significantly different from, each other in structure and content. This
article gives a general outline of yet unstudied evidences by the Armenian authors Hovhan
Imastaser Odznets‘i (717-728), Mkhit‘ar Gosh (1120?-1213), and Hakob Amasiats‘i
(18th-19th centuries), as well as by scribes in a number of manuscripts: New Julfa (Nor
Jugha), 131 (1098), MM 7615 (1352), 659 (1368), 658 (1601), 837 (1627-1630) etc. It
discusses their perceptions about the formation, further development, the role and
significance of the Armenian canonical collection. In their works, medieval authors and
scribes quoted from the Armenian canonical collection, praised it and pointed out the
reasons and purposes of its formation and evolution, emphasizing its inseparable
connection with other Christian canonical collections
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Institute of Georgian History Proceedings XIX
No full texthttp://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge
https://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.htmlშინაარსი
CONTENTS
ნინო სილაგაძე – სამცხე-ჯავახეთის ისტორიულ მუზეუმში დაცული სამი ვერცხლის თასის ატრიბუციისა და დათარიღების საკითხისათვის
Nino Silagadze – On the Question of Attribution and Dating of the Three Silver Bowls Preserved in the Samtskhe-Javakheti Historical Museum (Summary)
Emil Avdaliani – Arabs, Khazars and the Battle for Transcontinental Trade Routes (7th-13th centuries)
ნესტან სულავა – გიორგი მცირის ეპისტოლე წმ. გიორგი შეყენებულისადმი
Nestan Sulava – Epistle of Giorgi Mtsire to St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli (Athonithe) (Summary)
მიხეილ ბახტაძე – გიორგი V ბრწყინვალის ქართული ტიტულატურისათვის
Mikheil Bakhtadze – About the Georgian Titulature of Giorgi V the Brilliant (Summary)
მაია შაორშაძე – ქართლის მთავარეპისკოპოსი ევდემოზ რატიშვილი და მასთან დაკავშირებული ზოგიერთი ქრონოლოგიური საკითხის დაზუსტება
Maia Shaorshadze – Evdemoz Ratishvili, Archbishop of Kartli, and Clarification of Certain Chronology Issues Related to Him (Summary)
ნიკო ჯავახიშვილი – თავად სუმბათაშვილთა საგვარეულოს ისტორიიდან
Niko Javakhishvili – From the History of the Sumbatashvilis Princely Family (Summary)
ხვთისო მამისიმედიშვილი – ისტორიულ პირებსა და მოვლენებთან დაკავშირებული ხალხური ტექსტების თავისებურება
Khvtiso Mamisimedishvili – Peculiarities of Folk Texts Related to Historical Persons and Events (Summary)
აპოლონ თაბუაშვილი – ზოგიერთი დეტალი გეორგიევსკის ტრაქტატთან დაკავშირებით
Apolon Tabuashvili – Some Details Regarding the Treaty of Georgievsk (Summary)
აკაკი ჩიქობავა – რუსეთის იმპერიის კოლონიზატორული პოლიტიკა საქართველოში, „ეკონომიკური რუსიფიკაცია“
Akaki Chikobava – Colonial Policy of Russia in Georgia: “Economic Russification” (Summary)
გიორგი სოსიაშვილი – XIX საუკუნის II ნახევრის ბათუმის კულტურული ცხოვრების ისტორიიდან (ნინო ჟურულის მოგონებების მიხედვით)
Giorgi Sosiashvili – From the History of the Cultural Life of Batumi In the Second Half of the 19th Century (According to the Memoirs of Nino Zhuruli) (Summary)
ოთარ გოგოლიშვილი – 1917 წლის ოქტომბრის გადატრიალება რუსეთში და ბათუმი დასავლეთის სახელმწიფოების გეგმებში
Otar Gogolishvili – The October 1917 coup in Russia, and Batumi in the plans of the Western States (Summary)
დიმიტრი შველიძე – საქართველოს პირველი რესპუბლიკის უკანასკნელი თვეები (პოლიტიკურ-დიპლომატიური რაკურსი)
Dimitri Shvelidze – The Last Months of the First Georgian Republic (Political-Diplomatic Aspects) (Summary)
არჩილ კოხრეიძე, ნათია მირიანაშვილი, ნოდარ შოშიაშვილი – უცხოური ფირმების საქმიანობა საქართველოში XX საუკუნის 20-იან წლებში. წყაროს პუბლიკაცია (დოკუმენტები)
Archil Kokhreidze, Natia Mirianashvili, Nodar Shoshiashvili – Documents on the Activities of the Foreign Companies in Georgia in the 20s of the 20th Century (Summary)
Георгий Рамазашвили – Причины, по которым Департамент Культурного Наследия Москвы не сумел эффективно защитить от застройки Всехсвятский приходской некрополь в 2010 - 2017 гг.
Georgiy Ramazashvili – The Reasons of an Inability of the Moscow Department of Cultural Heritage to Protect Successfully the All Saints Necropolis From a Construction Activities (“Development”) in 2010-2017
თენგიზ სიმაშვილი – კახეთში მცხოვრები ლეკები საარქივო მასალების მიხედვით (ნაწილი II: 1940-1950-იანი წლები)
Tengiz Simashvili – Lezgins Inhabiting Kakheti According to Archival Materials (Part II: 1940-1950s) (Summary)
ქეთევან ციმინტია – დასახლების ფორმები და ინდივიდუალური კარ-მიდამოს მოწყობა სამეგრელოში (წალენჯიხის მუნიციპალიტეტის მაგალითზე)
Ketevan Tsimintia – Settlement Types and Arrangement of Country Estate in Samegrelo (On the Example of Tsalenjikha Municipality) (Summary)
საერთაშორისო პრეზენტაცია
International Conferences
Tedo Dundua – Liberties and Phrygian Caps in Georgia
Tedo Dundua, Emil Avdaliani – Universal Styles of Clothing as Seen on Georgian Money
Tedo Dundua, Emil Avdaliani – Fashion on Georgian Money
Tedo Dundua, Apolon Tabuashvili, Emil Avdaliani – Coronavirus, Great Pandemics and Georgia: Short Historical Tale
International Scientific Conference “Mariam Lordkipanidze – 100”. December 23, 2022. Report by Leri Tavadze (TSU) and Tedo Dundua (TSU)
რეცენზია
ნანა ტონია – რეცენზია წიგნზე – ანტიკური ხანის ბერძნულ-ლათინური წარწერები, როგორც საქართველოს ისტორიის წყარო. ავტორები: ნათია ფიფია, ეკატერინე კობახიძე, თედო დუნდუა
მარიკა მშვილდაძე – რეცენზია ნაშრომზე – ანტიკური ხანის ბერძნულ-ლათინური წარწერები, როგორც საქართველოს ისტორიის წყარო. ავტორები: ნათია ფიფია, ეკატერინე კობახიძე, თედო დუნდუა
ნათია ფიფია – რეცენზია – ნიკოლოზ მურღულიას წიგნზე „ეგრისის სამეფოს გამაგრების სისტემა“ (თბილისი, 2023)
პოლემიკა
დიმიტრი შველიძე – ქართველი ერის შესახებ ანუ თანატოსის სინდრომ
Challenges of History Teaching in Georgia
No full textThe report discusses various challenges of teaching history
in Georgia; it is substantiated that the development of students'
general human values and their competencies is possible during
school education, and history teaching plays a special role in
this. Therefore, this field of education should be a priority of the
state.Since history „play a vital role in the promotion of fundamental
values, such as tolerance, mutual understanding, human
rights and democracy“, teaching democratic values in history
lessons is one of the best ways to achieve this goal.
The report is based on the basic documents of the Council
of Europe, as well as research on Georgian, European and American
history textbooks, existing history curricula, and scientific
literature on the subject.
The results of the study showed that the lack of modern teaching
skills at different levels, which is needed to ensure quality
intercultural education, remains one of the main challenges
of the post-Soviet education system. The great efforts made within
the reform of the educational system in our countries are
not enough in this direction, because the development of historical
education depends on the value system and the educational
environment. Therefore, it is necessary to implement fundamental
changes, proper training of teachers, as well as a better
understanding of the Soviet past (in post-Soviet countries),
which will help us realize the goals of teaching history.
The report offers specific recommendations, namely, creating
appropriate curricula and writing appropriate history textbooks
based on them; Both the creation of a historical narrative
necessary for the establishment of democratic values, as well
as the use of teaching methods to develop critical, independent
thinking. This can be achieved through the close cooperation of academic
historians and history teachers. It is the duty of academic
historians to create sufficient resources to explore issues that
are not properly explored in our history, such as the contribution
of ethnic, religious minorities, the role of women in history,
various types of relationships within the country, sensitive issues,
especially in modern life, etc.
Equally important is the purposeful training of history teachers
so that they can properly teach social and political problems
in a multicultural society, including sensitive issues, and
raise tolerant generations.
Finally, it is necessary that "decision-makers implement
existing European and national recommendations, support interdisciplinary
approaches in education and modify the evaluation
of curricula in accordance with the necessary changes/recommendations"
History of Time
Get PDFDoes the history exist at all? The following issues will be
considered in my presentation:
The meaning of history; History as a science;
Sense of time and appearance of the world; Theory of “Big
Bang”; History and idea of freedom;
The indeterminism of the world. Phenomenological openness
of time and its metaphysical mystery
THE LAST MONTHS OF THE FIRST GEORGIAN REPUBLIC (POLITICAL-DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS)
Get PDFhttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.htmlIn the present work, we particularly focus on the process of negotiations on the trade agreement between Soviet Russia and Great Britain in 1920-1921. The negotiations have been going on for almost over a year and went through several stages. It turns out that in the course of the negotiations the question of the future state of Georgia was also discussed.
Initially, and for a long time Great Britain considered Georgia within its sphere of protection and influence. The Soviet Russia opposed such a status. The negotiations dragged on due to the disagreement on the issue of Georgia.
At the final stage of the negotiations, Great Britain was forced to back down and remove the issue of Georgia from the text of the agreement. This meant that Soviet Russia managed to maintain Georgia as part of the new Soviet empire. This conceptual approach is documented for the first time in our historiography.
The paper also covers other topics
Verb “aris” (to be) in the Contemporary Georgian Language
Get PDFWhen discussing the peculiar verbs in Georgian, it becomes clear that one of the most frequently used is the verb ‘aris/is’. Among its other peculiar features, we can especially underline the fact that it is an incomplete verb, namely, it lacks some verbal categories; for example, it lacks some forms of conjugation (so called ‘mtsḳrivi’), (aris – is; ikneba - will be; iq̇o – was); it also preserves the old form personal marker (kh); it lacks the voice forms, has short forms, namely, the third person singular form is contracted (see Shanidze, 1973, p. 531-532).
The verb ‘aris/is’ may be met as an element for the form-creation of another verb in the row as well as an independent verb (having full meaning) or as an auxiliary verb either in its full or short form. Scientists consider that “the vowel ‘a’ received here due to contracting and simplifying the form ‘ars’. We can imagine the process of simplifying as follows: ars→as→a; the middle step still survives in the Khevsurian dialect of the Georgian language” (Chumburidze, 1984, p. 40).
The history of the short form of the verb ‘aris’ in Old Georgian was studied by Z. Chumburidze. He noted that the contracted form of this verb is met as early as in the period of the so-called khanmeti texts; but such form is especially widely spread in the middle period of the language development (for example, such forms are met in the poem “Vepkhistkaosani” as frequent as 427 times) (Chumburidze, 1984, p.43).
We should also remember an acute and very interesting discussion on the matter of the contracted form of the verb ‘aris’, its usage and orthographic issues. This discussion took place in 60-80-ies of the 20th century; the questions about the validity and correctness of the short forms were regarded; the well-known Georgian linguists took part in this discussion: Z. Chumburidze, I. Imnaishvili, L. Kiknadze. The position on which they stood turned to be right and it was confirmed by time, the opposite considerations were introduced by M. Mamulashvili and Al. Potskhishvili (Imnaishvili, Chumburidze, 1981, pp. 167-176).
The vowel component ‘a’ in the elision form of the verb ‘aris’ may be met with any part of speech. According to the corpus data, from this viewpoint, there are no limitations in modern Georgian: the contracted variation of the verb ‘aris’ can be met in any case, with or without postpositions: with nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, infinitives or participles (e. g. bič̣ia (n) ‘it is a boy’; maγalia (adj) ‘she is tall’, oria ‘there are two’ ‒ cardinal numeral, meorea ‘it is the second’ – ordinal numeral); araperia ‘it is nothing’ and so on. The same can be said about auxiliary parts of speech (with particles: xomaa, araa, ḳia, hoa and others…). Such flexibility is conditioned by the stylistic designation: namely, the word with the vowel -a- gets a logical stress on it (see Kvachadze, 2010, p. 80; Peikrishvili, 1996, p. 70).
One more peculiarity is observed: the pronouns or adverbs ending in consonants, need two vowels a (vinaa? – ‘who is this?’; raṭomaa? – ‘Why is it so?’; akaa – ‘it is here’; rodisaa? – ‘when will it be?’ saidanaa? – ‘where is it from?’; see Kurdadze, 2018, pp. 78-80; 174-177).
As we mentioned above, one of the morphological destinations of the verb ‘aris’ is to be a part of the conjugation form of the verb and to become a producing element for the tense form (mtsḳrivi/screeve). In this case we will receive the forms with the auxiliary verbs of the first or second person, in singular and plural.
Engendering and developing of some verb forms of the auxiliaries in the Georgian literary language was studied by L. Baramidze, and we will not speak about this theme (see Baramidze, 1964, pp. 95-150), but we will only note that in the part of such verbs this phenomenon is historically of secondary type (comp.: vzi ‒ vzivar ‘I sit’; vdga ‒ vdgavar ‘I stay’) (Shanidze, 1973, p. 485). There is a tendency in the colloquial language and the dialects to use an auxiliary verb in the present tense with the verbs expressing the production of some voice (vṭirivar – ‘I cry’, vḳivivar – ‘I shout’); though such verb forms are not considered grammatically correct and their usage is considered incorrect according to the language norms of the literary Georgian.
In the Modern Georgian language, the conjugation with the help of auxiliary verbs is characteristic of the following types of verbs (see Melikishvili, 2001, pp. 53-54, 56-57):
In the present tense:
a. state (stative) verbs: vc̣evar ‘I am lying’; vzivar ‘I am sitting’; vdgavar ‘I am standing’… b. verbs of movement ‒ mivrbivar ‘I am running’; vxṭivar ‘I am jumping’;
c. verbs denoting feelings, emotion and perception (vuq̇varvar ‘they love me’; mӡulxar ‘I hate you’; momtsonxar ‘I like you’, mogtsonvar ‘you like me’)…
d. verbs expressing having somebody (some other verbs too) mq̇avxar ‘I have you’; vq̇avar ‘he (she) has me’; mivq̇avar ‘takes me with him (her)’; vgavar ‘I am like’, ‘I resemble him (her)’...
e. a few stative verbs with the ending -ia (only with the subjective type of conjugation); vagdivar ‘I am lying’, vq̇rivart ‘I am fallen’…
In one of the verb conjugation forms, Resultative I (so-called ṗirveli turmeobiti), the transitive verb (the first diathesis) occurs if their conjugation is based on the subject person: čagitserivar (‘I learned that you have written down my name’); čamitserixar, ševukivar… and so on.
In case of the bi-personal intransitive verbs (second diathesis): davḳargvivar, dahḳargvixar, momnaṭrebixar…
In the mono-personal verbs, in all the tense forms of the third series conjugation (the second diathesis): gavtetrebulvar, gavtetrebuliq̇o…
As for the syntactic functions of the verb ‘aris’, it may occur as an independent meaningful verb (simple verbal predicate), as well as an auxiliary verb (as a verbal part of the compound predicate, as a copula). When the verb creates an immediate syntagma with the subject, it denotes being and has an independent meaning: čveni megobari ḳargad aris ‘Our friend is well’. niḳo saxlši aris ‘Nick is at home’. There is also an alternative view about such syntagma (see Kvachadze, 2010, p. 79).
When the verb ‘aris’ is connected to the noun-part of the predicate and answers the questions: who is it, what is it, how many, what kind of, which – then it is an auxiliary verb: es čemi mastsavlebelia. ‘This is my teacher’; vardi lamazi q̇vavilia. ‘Rose is a nice flower’... (Surely, the full version of the verb may also occur as well as the contracted ones).
The verb ‘aris’ has its alternative more polite equivalent forms for the second and third persons: brӡandebit (instead of xart) and the answer is ‘gaxlavart’ (see Shanidze, 1973, pp. 190-192; 515-516; Kvachadze, 2010, pp. 81; Zekalashvili, 2014, p.126-145).
When using the relative forms with the compound predicate, the verb ‘aris’: is substituted by the verb akvs, hq̇avs ‘has’ (two variations for animate and inanimate objects). Comp.: bavšvis bebia daavadebulia – ‘The child’s grandma is ill’, and bavšvs bebia daavadebuli hq̇avs – ‘The child has the grandma ill’ (see Shanidze, 1973, 512-513; Geguchadze, 2010, p. 69-70).
The alternative forms of the verb ‘aris’, when they are used along with the participle, produce periphrastic passive voice forms: Let us compare them with the compound predicate: saxli ašenebuli aris/ikneba/iq̇o ‘The house is built/will be built/ was built’. There are only a few structural differences between these examples. We think that in order to make the morphological and syntactic qualification of the mentioned form rightly, from the morphological point of view, the forms of the verbs ‘ikna’ and ‘aris’ should be studied more precisely. In our opinion, morphologically the verbs containing the forms of ‘ikna’ (was made) and ‘aris’ (is) should be considered as two different types of the periphrastic passive voice: first of them can be considered as the Vorgangspassiv (active passive, in the meaning of a passive action but still action) and the other is a kind of the Zustandspassiv (static passive); thus, these forms can be considered as follow: passive voice of the action and passive voice of the state (comp. German: “Der Patient wird/wurde vom Arzt geimpft. Der Patient ist/war vom Arzt geimpft; see Helbig, Buscha, 1980, pp. 148-149), from the syntactic viewpoint both of these forms can be considered as compound predicate.
In the represented article the verb ‘aris’ is considered from formal and functional viewpoints. Its full and short forms are discussed along with its morphological destination in the different forms of tense (screeve), with the role in the formation of tense forms, the verbs denoting courtesy are discussed and the syntactic functions of the verb are figured out, similarity is underlined between the descriptive passive voice form and compound predicate
Economic perspective of establishing strategic partnership between China and Georgia
Get PDF1, Babuadze N., Veshapidze Sh. (2010). Some Aspects
of Chinese Business Psychology. "New Economist",
No. 2.
2. Babuadze N., Veshapidze Sh. (2015). Shanghai
Cooperation Organization: Will China Rival the US?
“Historic Verticals #1.
3. Babuadze N., Veshapidze Sh., Kvatchadze N.
(2015). Confucianism and Taoism: postulates, principles,
precepts, values. "Business-engineering", #1.
4. Bedianashvili G. (2023). Macrosystem socioeconomic
challenges of the post-pandemic period.
Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference: "The
World Economy in the Post-Pandemic Period: Results
and Challenges". Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,
Faculty of Economics and Business. 41-46.
5. Bedianashvili G. (2018). Culture as a factor in the
formation of the knowledge economy with the systemic
and institutional context of paradigmatic changes.
Globalization and business. 6, 58-66. DOI: 10.35945/
gb.2018.06.007
6. Lomia, E. (2021). CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
AND GEORGIA: A SHORT OVERVIEW. Journal
of Liberty and International Affairs, 7(3), 373-385.
7. Lomia, E. (2017). The Issues of Cultural Diversity
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64. A former illegal intelligence officer revealed the
real picture of the world and our future. https://dzen.
ru/a/ZHoYxXPTRWN223j0The field of interest of this article is the detection and definition of modern challenges and perspectives of
protection of strategic national interests. Interest in the topic is due to the fact that no country can deal with
the most pressing problems of our time in isolation from other countries. They can be overcome only within the
framework of close international cooperation. Georgia's progress depends to a significant extent on the establishment
of strategic partnerships with other countries, the purpose of which is to promote joint development.
The purpose of the research carried out within the article is to reveal and define the main aspects of the
economic prospects of establishing a strategic partnership between the People's Republic of China and Georgia.
The subject of the research is the analysis of the establishment of strategic partnership between China and
Georgia, the evaluation and systematization of its modern manifestations. It has been revealed what results the
connections between the countries have brought, what challenges and opportunities are emerging in the future.
The object of the research is the state of economic cooperation established between China and Georgia at the
present stage and the creation of favorable conditions for their stable long-term development.
Among the main research methods used, the general scientific methods of induction and deduction, the method
of theoretical systematic analysis and the monographic (descriptive) method should be noted. The research is
of practical importance in terms of creating favorable conditions for the long-term development of mutually
beneficial economic cooperation between China and Georgia
COLONIAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN GEORGIA: “ECONOMIC RUSSIFICATION”
Get PDFhttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.htmlIn parallel of the annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and gradual occupation of the rest of Georgian territories, the Russian Imperial government used various methods to cement its rule in Georgia. Victories in the Russo-Persian and Russo-Ottoman wars in the late 1820s gave the opportunity to the imperial court to start complete and all-around subjugation of the South Caucasus. For this, it was necessary to emigrate the proponents of the imperial rule from the metropolis into the South Caucasus, as well as to gain active supporters on the ground. Settlers had to be provided with necessary land and appropriate means of production that allowed them to start their own agricultural production. Contemporary scientific literature touches upon the question of “Russifications” in the plural, rather than Russification as a singularity. The implications of this division and the role of the economic dimension of the process are the major research areas of our article. Our argument is constructed around.
Several main topics:
What are the causes of the active presence of the Russian Empire in the South Caucasus and its annexation? What is the economic dimension of the annexation and what kind of benefits did them Russian Empire expect from it? What is the main difference between the Russification policy of the first half of the 19th century and the Russian Eastern policy of Malorus and other peripheral areas? What was the economic basis for the establishment of colonies and migration processes in Georgia and the South Caucasus region in general? How is the process of the expansion of the Russian trade and industrial capital, and the search for new sources of raw materials connected to it? Migration processes in the internal territories of Russia: what are their function and what are the differences between the internal and external migration processes?სტატია მომზადებულია შოთა რუსთაველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის მიერ ფუნდამენტური საგრანტო კონკურსში დაფინანსებული პროექტის ფარგლებში - "რუსეთის იმპერიის კოლონიური პოლიტიკა საქართველოში
The improvement ways of SCADA system management in power energy
Get PDFThe development of technologies in the world has played a big role in the improvement of energy management. The level of development of electric energy has a great influence on the dynamics and arrangement of the country’s productive forces, creating a necessary prerequisite for raising the standard of living of the population and improving working conditions. The level of the national economy and the energy supply of the population largely depends on the energy industry. Its development rates and scales have a decisive influence on the final results of the country’s economic development.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is an important and relevant component of the electric power industry, which provides real-time monitoring and management of electricity production, transmission and distribution. The main purpose of the SCADA system is the management and operation of technological automated processes. SCADA system includes hardware and software components. The equipment collects data from the transformers on the power plant and provides them to the field controllers, which in turn transmit the data to the first and second level systems, And they, in turn, process and display information through a corresponding graphical interface on the video wall or at the operator’s workstation. SCADA systems also record the status and corresponding changes of all processes occurring in the power system. The control functions of the SCADA system ensure remote monitoring and management of the power plant and substation by the dispatcher, sending the necessary parameters from the control panel to the devices and relays in the station, to carry out data collection and their analysis for management decisions. “Georgian State Electrosystem” is one of the leading companies in the implementation of modern information systems. The function of GSE is to maintain system stability and reliability in both short and long term periods. There was implemented in GSE the project of updating software and hardware components of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system on the basis of SINAUT SPECTRUM 7 (SIEMENS), which was due to the rapid development of the electrical network, what followed was the addition of new energy facilities to the system and the correspondingly increased amount of incoming data. The old hardware was not designed for a such large load and therefore caused overloading of servers/hardware, which, in turn, was a hindering factor for efective dispatch management and control. Within the framework of the scientific research, the significance of the installation of the SCADA system in the electric power industry and the analysis of its development stages were highlighted. The introduction of the SCADA system contributed to the development of dispatch management and control, which reduced the number of technological accidents and made the energy sector stable in Georgia. The introduction of the substation management system ensured full local control of the substations. The software and hardware upgrade of the SCADA system facilitated complete remote monitoring and management of power stations and substations.
Based on the above scientific research, the following recommendations were developed: • In the Automatic Generation Control module of the SCADA system in Georgian State Electrosystem, it is recommended to integrate several regulatory power plants, which will ensure the stability of the power system, increase overflow control, add more stability and reduce electricity overflow losses; • For the stable functioning of dispatch management and control, it is recommended to establish a backup dispatch center, which will be located at a remote location and will work in parallel with the central dispatch center. Accordingly, in the event of faults in the communication network of the SCADA system, there will be no complete loss of access to energy facilities, which will add more stability to the electric energy of Georgia and prevent the occurrence of emergency situations. • It is recommended to widely implement energy saving systems, through which it is possible to control the imbalance of electricity. If the mentioned recommendations are taken into consideration, the energy system of Georgia will become stable and efective. This scientific research will be useful for the energy companies where the SCADA system is introduced or implemented