Dspace, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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POLITICAL AND CULTURAL CHANGES AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN JAPAN
No full textIn 1945 After World War II, the Japanese people were waiting for
changes to transform the society in a democratic way. Transformations
in Japan were carried out through the US, in particular, General Mac-
Arthur made the changes. He was the leader of the US occupation forces.
Through MacArthur’s reforms and a number of agreements signed
with the US, Japan was able to stand up and take an advanced place
among the world’s leading countries. Such sphere as economy has developed,
political sector has undergone thorough changes, although
radical transformations have taken place in the cultural and social aspects.
Japanese cinema and literature refined and moved to a new level.
Anime movies appeared on screens, which gained huge recognition
all over the world. All of the facts mentioned above have made Japan
one of the leading countries, whose history and culture attracts
and gains admiration from the whole world
Two Types of Preverbs and their Relationship in the Svan Language (semantic-functional analysis)
No full textეძღვნება პროფესორ ფარნაოზ ერთელიშვილის დაბადებიდან მე-100 წლისთავს/ Dedicated to the 100th Birthday of Prof. Parnaoz ErtelishviliThere are two types of preverbs in the Svan language: so called “prepositionspostposition”
(according to V. Topuria’s terminology): ži, ču, sga, ka and basic preverbs: an-,
ad-/a-, es-/as-, la-, as well as compound preverbs derived via the combination of these two
types. All the functions of the Georgian preverb (route, orientation, derivation of future tense,
aspect, assigning a new meaning to the verb) are usually characteristic of both types of Svan
preverbs, however, compared to Georgian, their functions are more diverse. Also, there is no
complete semantic-functional similarity between the two analytical types; Their spelling is
also different.
The first type (“prepositions-postposition “), although they are postpositions which are
added to the stem when they occur at nouns, but in relation to verbs they are still independent
lexemes: morphologically - adverbs, and from the standpoint of syntax a) they appear as
adverbial modifier, b) they form a paronomasic phrase, c) in hypotaxic construction they
determine the basis for subordination by adding of intensifying particle –i (Georgian –c).
The second type of preverbs (basic preverb) in Svan, like in Georgian, is added to
the verb only in the anlaut and is never disconnected from it at the modern stage of language
development (cf. the first type, with which tmesis is still a common occurrence even today).
The difference between these two types of verbs with preverb is manifested from
informativeness standpoint, more precisely - from the quality of confirmation of information
one: verbs of the first type (“prepositions-postpositions “) verbs are semantically equal to
Georgian preverbal forms: in the forms of indicative mood, a narrator conveys confirmed,
non-doubtful information for him/her (“will write”, “would write”...) by using these forms.
The basic preverbs give the verb the nuance of less categorical, unconfirmed, probable
information, where the degree of certainty of a narrator is low; In other words, these two types
of verbs with preverbs are opposed to each other by the degree (/level) of confirmation of
information, which directly refers to a narrator’s subjective evaluation of the implementation
of an action/fact; The degree of reliability of the information from a narrator’s position is
depended on which verbal form a narrator will use – with preposition or with basic preverb
(or combined one). Just this so called nuance determines the syntactic function by which
verbs of the second type (with basic preverb) are opposed to verbs of the first type (with
preposition-postposition); For example, future with preposition - postposition ჩახტი/
čwaxṭwi (“will draw”) is semantically equal to that of the corresponding Georgian form,
in Svan it is mainly used in parataxis, and in hypotaxis, like in Georgian, a subordinating
conjunction is obligatory with it.
Since for a narrator, the information he/she conveys is not fully confirmed, that’s why it
is necessary to use auxiliary means of albat, “perhaps”, šesaʒloa “probably” type in a simple
sentence to achieve complete compatibility during the translation of this type of verbs into
Georgian.
The mentioned semantics, compared to a simple sentence, is much more pronounced in
a compound construction: in the case of using the form with basic preverb, the subordinating
conjunction is no longer mandatory in a hypotaxic sentence - the verb itself contains the
necessary nuance (which the verbs with preposition-postposition lack, if the above-mentioned
forms with -c particle, which, in fact, replaces rogorc ki “as soon as”, are not included); Cf.: ბ‰ზი ჩ‹ღად ჩ…აშდუე ი ლˆყ‰რ დეშ ხოგიჭ / bi čγad čwašdue i lǝr deš xogi
- “Tonight it will definitely snow and the roof cannot withstand it.”
ბ‰ზი ანშდუი (/ჩ…ანშდ…ი…ნე), ლˆყ‰რ დეშ ხოგიჭ / bi anšdui (/čwanšdwiwne)
, lǝr deš xogi - “Tonight [if] it snows, the roof cannot withstand it.”
Also, even in the case of using the subordinating conjunction (which is an additional
means of hypotaxis in Svan and, in the author’s opinion, is an influence of the literary language),
the prepositional form cannot replace the verb with a basic preverb in the subordinate clause,
since the style will be completely violated.
Thus, both types of Svan preverbs have functions which differ from Georgian preverbs:
1. So called “prepositions-postpositions”: a) appear independently as adverbial
modifiers of place, b) form a paronomasic construction, c) in the case of insertion of
i (Geo. c) in the form of the particle tmesis, they create such a basis of subordination
that no subordinating conjunction (often even a correlate) is needed anymore, and
a compound subordination of the archaic type (asyndetic connected sentences) is
resulted.
2. a) Verbal forms of the first series with basic preverbs unambiguously express the
semantics of doubt-probability, in turn, in the hypotaxic construction, it determines
the possibility of conjunctionless connection, since in Georgian the doubt
of information or a certain condition is conveyed by means of tu “if”, rom “that”,
radgan “because” and similar lexemes (conjunctions). In Svan, based on semantics,
this function was performed by verbs with basic preverbs.
b) Unlike preverbs of the first type, the verbs with basic preverbs belong to modalized
evidential (of epistemic meaning) rows.
In the author’s opinion, of the analytical preverbs the separated ones as the parts of
independent speech belong to the earlier stage of the language, and the formation of basic
preverbs in Svan, as well as in Georgian, should be related to the process of dynamicization
of the verb, which was also followed by the expressing function of the grammatical category
- evidentiality, that was formed relatively late; By this time evidentiality was developed at the
morpheme level in the verbs without preveb, but since the preverb already had the ability to
express this semantics, the morpheme did not move in the forms with preverbs
Trends in financial risks of enterprises in Georgia in the post-covid 19 period
No full text1. ჭილაძე იზოლდა, საწარმოთა ლევერიჯის ანალიზის მეთოდიკის სრულყოფის საკითხები,
მონოგრაფია. თბილისი, 2019 https://old.tsu.ge/data/file_db/economist_faculty/leverij.pdf
2. იზოლდა ჭილაძე, თამარ თორია (2022), საქართველოში საწარმოთა ფინანსური შედეგების და
რისკების ცვლილებები პანდემიის შემდეგ. გვ: 413-422. თბ.2022
3. უნივერსიტეტის დაარსებისა და ეკონომიკისა და ბიზნესის ფაკულტეტის 100 წლის იუბილესადმი
მიძღვნილი საერთაშორისო სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია „კოვიდ 19 პანდემია და ეკონომიკა,
შრომების კრებული, 2022 წ. გვ: 413-422
4. ჯეიმს ს. ვან ჰორნი, ჯონ მ. ვაჰოვიჩი უმცრ. (2008). კორპორციული ფინანსები. მე-12
5. გამოცემა. თარგმანი ინგლისურიდან. თბილისი.
6. Chiladze I. (2019). Factorial Analysis of the Financial Leverage of the Enterprise . Journal Aplied Finance and
Accounting. Vol. 5, No.1, February. pp: 42-48
7. https://ideas.repec.org/a/rfa/afajnl/v5y2019i1p42-48.html
8. Dilip K. Ghosh, Arun J. Prakash, Dipasri Ghosh (2010). Leverage and Asset Allocation Under
9. Capital Market Distortion. International Journal of Business, 15(4). pp: 459-471.
10. http://www.craig.csufresno.edu/ijb/Volumes/Volume%2015/V154-7.pdf
11. http://www.afajof.org/SpringboardWebApp/userfiles/afa/file/Free%20Textbooks/Welch-ed1.pdf
12. Ivo, W. (2014).Corporate Finance (3td Edition), Prentice Hall.The analysis showed that the financial risks caused by the pandemic are still high in the
majority of enterprises operating in Georgia.
In our opinion, one of the indicators of business stability today is the share of reinvested profit
in net profit, which should be paid more attention by the enterprise management.
Enterprises also need some financial assistance from the government in order to overcome the
current crisis, and as a result, the policy of paying taxes by enterprises in the state budget will be
activated.
Also, we think it is necessary to improve the quality of the management and control of the
torture itself
"A Thousand and One Nights" and Georgian Folk Tales (three tales)
Get PDFეძღვნება აკადემიკოს ზაზა ალექსიძის ხსოვნას (1935 – 2023)/
Dedicated to Memory of Academician Zaza Aleksidze (1935 – 2023)Three tales from the "One Thousand and One Nights" tales show similarities with
Georgian tales. Among them are the tales: "The Story of Harun al-Rashid and Ibn al-
Karib" ("One Thousand and One Nights", vol. IV, 1977, 197-199) and "The Story About
the Cunning of Women" ("One Thousand and One Nights", vol. V, 1977, 62–64).
Arabic folk tale such as "The Story of Harun Al-Rashid and Ibn Al-Karib" is similar
to Georgian folk tales such as: "Two Slaps" and "The Wise Ruler and the Poor Man".
They are based on a narrative of international distribution and are mentioned in story
search engines with the number 1610. The following similarities-differences can be
observed between Arabic and Georgian folk tales:
1. In the Arabic tale, Caliph Harun al-Rashid, his eunuch servant, and a man called
Ibn al-Karib, who is shortly called caliph are summoned to entertain with stories, when he
cannot sleep at night and they converse.
In Georgian folk tales such as "Two Slaps" and "The Wise Ruler and the Poor Man",
the characters are one poor man who came to the ruler to ask for mercy, the ruler's courtier
and the ruler himself – the place of action is the royal gate in both given cases.
2. In the Arabic tale, the caliph's servant Masruri, will not let a famous teller of
funny stories named Ibn Al-Karib, to the caliph's residence until he agrees to give twothirds
of the caliph’s blessings to him and the storyteller is left with only one-third of the
asset. The caliph imposed the condition on Ibn al-Karib and promised that if he couldn’t
make him laugh, the caliph would hit him with a sack three times. There are heavy stones
in the bag, Ibn al-Kharibi does not know this and agrees.
In the Georgian folk tale "Two Slaps", a poor man visits the king on his own
initiative to ask for help, just like in the folk tale "The Wise Ruler and the Poor Man". In
both cases, the ruler's greedy doorman allows the poor man to visit the ruler on the
condition that he divides his blessings in half.
3. In the Arabic tale, Ibn al-Karib cannot make the caliph laugh and, according to
the agreement, the caliph hits him with a sack full of heavy stones once. Afterwards, Ibn
al-Karib tells the caliph that the other two strokes fit Masrur. The Caliph laughs a lot at
this, he hits the Masruri with a sack, and then he gives him thousands of dinars to the
storyteller. In Georgian folk tales, the hitting with a bag full of stones is not found, however it is
replaced by slapping – When the wretched man who came out from the ruler, whom the
ruler slapped two times at his own request, slaps the greedy doorman, and a fight breaks
out (There is no fight in the Arabic folk tale). At the sound of a fight, the ruler will come
out and the peasant will explain the reason for the fight– I split your blessing in half, with
a doorman. The ruler liked the peasant's cleverness and gave him a great gift, but the
doorman remained dry. This is what happens in the folk tale of the "Two slaps", and in the
folk tale of "The Wise Ruler and the Poor Man", The ruler dismissed the greedy courtier
and appointed a poor man in his place, and he always showered him with mercy. This
kind of ending of the folk tale is different from the Arabic folk tale.
The folk tale "One Thousand and One Nights" "The story of the grace and benefit of
a good deed" is similar to the Georgian folk tales "Hand-cut Mother" and "Brother Nartia
and sister Kato". The Arabic fairy tale is dedicated to the description of the power of
Allah, and in the Georgian fairy tales – the power of good, the victory of good over evil.
Both the above-mentioned Arabic fairy tale and the Georgian one The tales describe
the adventures of an innocent young woman who cut off her hands for her good, these
tales are also based on the story of international distribution, the number of which in the
story search engine is 706. The following similarities and differences are noted between
them:
The "One Thousand and One Nights" tale tells about the adventure of a merciful
woman, who asks a hungry beggar with two dice despite the ruler's prohibition of mercy,
and because of this, her hands are cut off.
In the Georgian fairy tales "Hand-cut Mother" and "Brother Nartia and sister Kato"
the reason for cutting off the hands of a woman is different, her own brother, misled by the
woman's brother's wife, cuts off the woman's hands. In the Arabic fairy tale, as well as in
these Georgian fairy tales, the king's son or the king marries a beautiful woman with her
hands cut off – in Arabic by the efforts of her mother, in Georgian – by love.
1. In the Arabic folk tale, the king's other envious wives hate the handless woman,
they accuse her of adultery, and the king banishes her to the desert with her son, while in
the above-mentioned Georgian folk tale, the woman is always hated by her brother's wife,
first she loses her hands, and then her husband and family, and with her efforts, he sends
the woman out of her husband's house. A family with a child in the absence of the
husband.
2. While drinking water on the road, a child hanging on the neck of a hairless
woman fell into the water in both Arabic and Georgian folk tales. In an Arabic tale, two
passing men helped a woman, she prayed to Allah, and the child came out of the water
unharmed, and the woman was given better hands than she had before. In Georgian folk
tales, only water will heal a woman's hands. Arabic folk tale revolves around the power of
Allah Georgian folk tale –tales story about the power of nature, and water, as well as the
victory of goodness, truth, and restoration of law.
In the finale of the Arabic tale, the two benevolent men say to the woman, we are two
abars given as a mercy to you, praise the Lord, who has returned your hands and son. The
woman also praised Allah. This is the end of the Arab folk tale, as for the Georgian folk
tale the woman's adventure continues until the punishment of the real culprit – the
daughter-in-law, and ends with the remarriage of the woman and her husband.
The Arabic folk tale, "The Story of Women's Cunning" ("One Thousand and One
Nights", Vol. V, 1981, 151-160) is about women's intelligence and resourcefulness. The
Georgian folk tale "The Story of Husband and Wife" is similar to it. The story of the fairy tale about the handywoman is mentioned in the catalogues of stories under the number
1730. A number of similarities and differences can be observed between these two tales:
1. The character of the Arab folk tale is about a woman who is unfaithful to her
husband and falls in love with a handsome man who ends up in prison. The woman
appeals to the officials to release her beloved man. There are five: Vali, Qadi, Wazir,
King, and Carpenter. The woman's husband has been in a distant country for a long time.
In the Georgian folk tale, the wife does not betray her husband – her husband serves
the ruler and sends his earnings to his wife at the beginning of every month. Once for
three months, the woman did not receive any earnings from her husband so she went to
the village master (it is not written who is the village master) and archiel. There are only
three of them here – The Georgian reality is different from the Arab one.
2. In both the Arabic and Georgian tales, the officials visit the woman and visit her
home one after the other. In the Georgian fairy tale, money is also given to a woman to
prepare a delicious dinner.
3. In an Arabic folk tale, a woman orders a carpenter to make a five-story closet and
locks her "guest" in this closet, In a Georgian tale a woman buys three closets and places
her “guests” in them one by one.
4. A woman gets a knock on the door by her neighbour’s boy who knows
everything and then they have dinner together. In an Arabic tale, a woman lies to Vali
about her lover's release document and goes to another city with her loved one.
5. In the Arabic folk tale "captives" spend four days in the closet and at the end,
they are brought out by the women’s neighbours, In Georgian, a woman hires three
workers the next day and gives three wardrobes to the chief ruler.
6. In the Arabic fairy tale, nothing is said about the punishment of "criminals", in
the Georgian folk tale, all three "culprits" are punished, and The woman's husband is
promoted.
Such are the comparative analysis results of three Arab and Georgian folk tales
Social Engineering at the Service of Social Realism: A Writer is an Engineer of the Human Soul
Get PDFThe Soviet government needed to have its literature and art
compartmentalized to get help with strengthening its power and
spreading the ideas of the Communist Party among the masses.
However, there was no such phenomenon - such type of literature
did not exist at that time, which meant that the Soviet government
had to create one by itself. In order to have this form
of literature justify the hopes of the communists and fulfill its
goals, it should have been easily understood by the masses. To
specify, it had to be realistic, but not realistic in the traditional
sense (not similar to the one that was formed as a literary method
in the 19th century and that existed in the form of a realistic
flow in literature and art even before that, to precisely and
boldly describe the reality of life and apply the reality as a means
of expression, etc.) – it had to be something different. It was
supposed to be the socialist realism - the only acceptable method
for Soviet literature, which would be based on the socialist
concept of the human and the world in general, and would actively
engage in building communism, presenting and spreading
the ideals of socialism, strengthening the Soviet regime, and
educating Soviet people to develop loyalty to communist ideals,
etc. Before the creation of the Soviet Union, humanity had not
known such a phenomenon, such a creative method.
In 1934, the first convention of Soviet writers recognized the
socialist realism as the one and the only literary method and
announced the party principles and socialist ideology as its main
postulates. Thus, socialist realism completely subordinated
literature to politics and ideology. This is how the theoretical
postulates of socialist realism were formed. The next task was
to put the new literary form into practice: writers had to transfer
communist ideas into literature, and from literature they had to
transferred to the reader in order to obtain the final product - the new, Soviet person. To this end, the Soviet regime, along
with other means, resorted to human manipulation and social
engineering - the latter contributed to developing the literature
form of socialist realism as one of the most important tools of
the party ideology. This is clearly demonstrated in the wellknown
formula for the “communism-building society”: The writer
is the engineer of the human soul. This slogan, authored by the
writer I. K. Oleshaa (1899-1960), was embraced and repeated by
Stalin himself, thus making the socialist realism an important
tool of party ideology and propaganda. It was an epochal motto,
which perfectly expressed the spirit of the corresponding party
and was adopted by all relevant Soviet institutions. It is worth
noting that literary critics were also referred to as engineers of
the human soul, but in a narrower field of specialization. According
to the Soviet mindset, the writer was an engineer-builder,
engineer-constructor, and the critic was an engineer-consultant
and a product evaluator (V. Kirshon). This new definition of literary
critics implied that they as well were caught in the common
trap of social engineering and assigned to contribute to the creation
and sculpting of a new person
Prospects (factors) for post-pandemic period economic recovery
Get PDF1. ანანიაშვილი ი., პაპავა ვ., გადასახადები, მოთხოვნა და მიწოდება. თბილისი: გამომცემლობა
,,სიახლე“, 2009.
2. ბახტაძე ლ., კაკულია რ., ჩიკვილაძე მ., საგადასახადო საქმე. თბილისი, 2007.
3. კოპალეიშვილი თ., ჩიკვილაძე მ., გადასახადები და დაბეგვრა. თბილისი, 2011.
4. ჯიბუტი ა., კაკულია რ., ბახტაძე რ., საჯარო ფინანსები. თბილისი, 2007.
5. პაპავა. ვ., არატრადიციული ეკონომიქსი: მეთოდოლოგია და მეთოდიკა. თბილისი, თსუ 2020.
6. საქართველოს ფინანსთა სამინისტრო https:mof.ge, 2021 წლის სახელმწიფო ბიუჯეტის შესახებ
კანონის პროექტი.
7. საქართველოს ფინანსთა სამინისტროს მასალები, საქართველოს 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 წლების
სახელმწიფო ბიუჯეტი.
8. საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი, თბილისი. 2010.
9. Chikviladze, M. (2018) The Share in Percentage of Taxes in GDP. Ecoforum Journal. Volume 7, Issue 1 (14).
10. Atanelishvili, T., Chikviladze, M., Silagadze, N. (2017). About State Financial Control. Ecoforum Journal.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (10).
11. Bedianashvili, G (2017) Benchmarking ASL research methhod for obtaining system knowledge of the state
intitutional development. J. information models and analyses volume 6, number 1. pp. 84-89
12. Gaganidze. G (2018), forign trade of Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine with the European union after signg the
Association agreement, Ekoforum journal, 7, issue 1 (14).
13. Kopaleishvili, T., Chikviladze, M. (2011). Taxes and Taxation. Tbilisi.
14. Silagadze, A., Atanelishvili, T., Silagadze, N. (2019). Economic Doctrines: The Origins. Published by Nova
Science Publishers, Inc. New York.
15. Silagadze, A., Zuniashvili, T. (2016). Georgia`s Economy against the Background of the Associate Agreement
with the European Union. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 59, 2: 533-540.
(USA).
16. Zubiashvili, T., Chikviladze, M., Silagadze, N. (2018). Some Aspects of state External Debt. Ecoforum Journal
7 (2).Since the beginning of 2021, a much faster trend of economic recovery has become clear, despite
this from the beginning of the pandemic, uncertainty about the global economic recovery trends
remains high.
At this point, the pace of economic recovery depends on various important factors, including
how effectively medical measures will be implemented to limit the spread of the virus, how successful
economic support measures will be in eliminating long-term damage, and more
Applying methods for estimation of the fair value of the nonfinancial assets
Get PDF1. ფასს 13, სამართლიანი ღირებულების შეფასება, https://saras.gov.ge/ka/Ifrs/Pdf/766
2. Maisuradze, M. (2018/8/15). Application of the Entity Assets Measurement Methods in Preparing the Financial Statements. Ecoforum Journal, http://www.ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/view/827.
3. Maisuradze, M., Vardiashvili, M. (2016/6/9). MAIN ASPECTS OF MEASUREMENT OF THE FAIR VALUE OF NONFINANCIAL ASSETS. 9-10 June, 2016 - 15th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development announces invited session - Human Resources Development. (pp. 385-391). Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency (VADEA): Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency (VADEA).
file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/esd_Book_of_Proceedings_Varazdin_2016_Online%20(3).pdf
4. Vardiashvili, M. (2018/8/15). Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Impairment of Non-Cash-Generating Assets in the Public Sector Entities, according to the International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS) 21. Ecoforum Journal, http://www.ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/view/828/524 2018
5. მაისურაძე, მ. (2017). აქტივების შეფასების ზოგიერთი საკითხი ფინანსური ანგარიშგების საერთაშორისო სტანდარტების მიხედვით. გლობალიზაციის გამოწვევები ეკონომიკასა და ბიზნესში, (გვ. 302-306). თბილისი. https://www.tsu.ge/data/file_db/economist_faculty/global.pdf
6. https://ifrscommunity.com/knowledge-base/valuation-techniques-fair-value/ valuation Techniques (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement)
7. https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/fair-value-accounting.html
8. https://www.grantthornton.global/globalassets/1.-member-firms/global/insights/insight-content-blocks-and-media/ifrs/ifrs-13/insights-into-ifrs-13-2021.pdfThe fair value measurement methods have certain positive sides, namely: Objective measurement of the cash flows coming from the use of the assets, the assets-related maximally possible comparable information, and an effective assessment of the results of activity of an entity.
However, in line with the positive sides, there are also negative side effects: In the absence of an active market there is a high level of uncertainty, as there is a rare asset except for the standard ones, for which there can be no active market, not even a single transaction. The standard says nothing about measurement of such assets
Moreover, the standard does not provide the measurement method for the assets that have been obtained free of charge and as a result of inventory.
In our opinion, it seems to be desirable to use the Revenues Method for measuring such assets
Arabs, Khazars and the Battle for Transcontinental Trade Routes (7th-13th centuries)
Get PDFhttps://geohistory.humanities.tsu.ge/ge/procedings/83-shromebi/178-shromebi-19.htm
The global impact of the post-covid-19 pandemic on socio-economic outcomes
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zoonotic pathogens from wildlife reservoirs to human populations Cell Death Discov. (2016), pp. 1-8;
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patients infected with 2019 novel corona virus in Wuhan, China Lancet (2020), pp. 497-506;
5. Monitor ILO. COVID-19 and the World of Work. Updated Estimates and Analysis. 2020. Available
online: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcm
s_767028.pdf (accessed on 15 May 2021);
6. Sharma, S., Basu, S., Shetti, N.P., Aminabhavi Current treatment protocol for COVID-19 in India Sensors
Int (2020), p. 10013
7. Shigemura, J.; Ursano, R.J.; Morganstein, J.C.; Kurosawa, M.; Benedek, D.M. Public responses to the novel 2019
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8. Wang,M., Cao, R.,L, Zhang, X. Yang, J. Liu, M. Xu, S. Zhengli, H. Zhihong, W. Zhong, X. Gengfu Remdesivir and
chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro, Cell Res. (2020),
pp. 269-271;
9. Wise, t., Zbozinek, T.D., G. Michelini, C.C. Hagan, D. Mobbs Changes in risk perception and protective
behavior during the first week of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Covid-19 has a strong direct acute impact on population health, not only at the physiological
level but also at the psychological level for those who suffer it, those close to them, and the general
population, who suffer the social consequences of the pandemic. In this line, the economic recession
increased, even more so, the social pressure. At the social level, the economic impact hit the most
vulnerable families, creating a difficult context for public institutions to address. We are facing one of
the greatest challenges of social intervention, which requires fast, effective, and well-coordinated
responses from public institutions, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations to serve
an increasingly hopeless population with increasingly urgent needs. Long-term legislation is
necessary to reduce the vulnerability of the less fortunate, as well as to analyse the societal
response to improve the social organization management of available resources
DIMITRI UZNADZE ON "FIVE GOOD EMPERORS"
Get PDFWe have been studying Dimitri Uznadze's contribution to historical
science for a long time. This topic has not been covered in Georgian
academic literature. Therefore, we considered it beneficial to fill this
gap and study the contribution of Dimitri Uznadze to historical science.
Dimitri Uznadze's research in this field is relatively little known to the
general public. Obviously, such an indifferent attitude towards this topic
was not accidental. It clearly goes beyond purely academic frameworks
and is based on a clearly defined political agenda. We think that
it is clearly an echo of the negative attitude towards the successes of
the sovereign republic of Georgia in 1918-1921. The most fruitful period
of Dimitri Uznadze's career as a historian coincides with these years.
He was trained as historian. In 1910-1913, he passed the exams at
the Faculty of History and Philology of Kharkiv University as an external
student. Before the Soviet occupation of Georgia, he taught history at
school. His was actively involved in the process of creating the first national
school textbooks of world history.
The present paper represents another step forward in understanding
Dimitri Uznadze’s contribution to Georgian historiography. Our
aim is to find out Dimitri Uznadze's attitude towards the „five good emperors“, namely: Nerva (96-98), Trajan (98-117), Hadrian (117-138),
Antoninus Pius (138-161) and Marcus Aurelius (161-180).
We have positive evaluation of Dimitri Uznadze's approach towards
the rule of the „Five Good Emperors“. This, of course, was not
accidental and, mainly, it could be due to two circumstances. It seems
that the rule of the „five good emperors“ was very close to their political
ideal, and Dimitri Uznadze must have well understood the role of a
person in history.
It seems that Dimitri Uznadze gained considerable insight into the
governance of the „Five Good Emperors“. This, of course, is very good
and is a logical consequence of his empirical, factual, material knowledge.
Dimitri Zunadze was trying to help students to form correct and
general understanding of the rule of the „five good emperors“. At that
time, this was undoubtedly a step forward; in fact, it was the first, if
not one of the first, attempts to cover the rule of the „five good emperors“
in Georgia.
In our opinion, further perfection and refinement of the coverage
of some issues should not be excluded, for example: Hadrian's foreign
policy. If the coverage of Trajan's and Hadrian's rule more attention
had been given, but same time we have minimal information about rule
of next emperors, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.
Also, it would be desirable to include the Georgian context - Eastern
policy of the Roman emperors towards Georgia. It would be interesting
for students and would awaken their interest in history