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Autobiography of one creator as a narrative of collective trauma: Lana Ghoghoberidze
No full textA human is a narrator by nature. Narration implies not only
description, but also interpretation. Deliberately or accidentally,
meanings are attached to things, facts, and events that took
place in the past. According to Robert Neimeyer, both narrators
and audiences do so. The objective of this Article is to clarify
how 9 April 1989 and 1991, the war and civil confrontation in Tbilisi,
and a stressful series of sudden and intensive changes are
analyzed, conceptualized, and interpreted in the memoirs created
after Georgia became independent. The 1990s give an impetus
to the revival of the past also in texts on life. Lana Gogoberidze's
memoirs "What I remember and how I remember" are noteworthy
in this regard. The final version of the book was published
in 2019. As regards the texts of memoirs, this genre is called
lifewriting in scientific literature and this notion is wider than
just an (auto) biography. A lifewriting text is supposed to not
only tell a story, but also analyze the process(es), which determined
the concrete shape of the identity of a person. It analyzes
not only how the paradigm or platform, on which the author is
based on when writing a text, was created, but also why. "Life is
not what you have lived, but what you remember and how you
remember". These words by Lana Gogoberidze can be appropriate
to be used as a definition of the genre
Akaki Shanidze and the Georgian-Russian Dictionary of David Chubinashvili
Get PDFეძღვნება პროფესორ ფარნაოზ ერთელიშვილის დაბადებიდან მე-100 წლისთავს/ Dedicated to the 100th Birthday of Prof. Parnaoz ErtelishviliThe scholarly legacy left by Akaki Shanidze comprises, among other important papers,
several lexicographic works (a dictionary of Vazha-Pshavela’s poems, a complete concordance
of Rustaveli’s epic poem, etc.). Casual remarks concerning the history of various lexical
forms or phraseologisms often turn into full-sized independent essays clearly demonstrating
the keen interest of the author in lexicography.
The present paper is written in memory of my father for the 136th anniversary of his
birth, but at the same time, I have attempted to show, using his personal notes and some books
now in my possession, how Akaki Shanidze used the Georgian-Russian Dictionary of David
Chubinashvili. I have also copied and analysed Akaki’s own additions and corrections written
in his neat and legible script on the pages of an old copy of the dictionary given to him as a
gift by the son of D. Chubinashvili in 1911 when Akaki was a student of the Saint Petersburg
Imperial University.
The Dictionary is a well-thumbed book, showing that Akaki used it often. The additions
and corrections are numerous and interesting from a linguistic point of view. Akaki’s personal
correspondence (now kept at the National Archives of Georgia) shows his incessant efforts
to have the dictionary published for the second time. It was published in 1984 as a replica of
the first
The relationship between higher education and the employment market in the post-pandemic period on the examples of Georgia and Poland
Get PDF1. BIBLIOGRAPHY Amashukeli, M., Lezhava, D., & Chitashvili, M. (2022). Higher education in Georgia and selfassessment
of graduates' competencies. Tbilisi: Center for social sciences.
2. Andguladze, N., Bregvadze, T., & Apkhazava, R. (2013). Impact of Higher Education on the formation of
workforce. Tbilisi: The International Institute for Education Policy, Planning and Management.
3. Durglishvili, N. (2017). Labour market perspectives for the university graduates in Georgia. International
Economics Letters, 1-6.
4. Jakubiak, M. (2012). Expectations of students of economics towards the labour market. Zeszyty Naukowe
WSEI seria: EKONOMIA, 265-288.
5. Janio, J., Cywiński, A., Marek, L., & al., e. (2022). Most Frequently Asked Questions About Student Learning
Outcomes in Poland. The New Educational Review, 92-101.
6. Lenart, J. (2014). Student and employment. History and the present. Przegląd Pedagogiczny, 117-129.
7. Lessky, F., & Unger, M. (2022). Working long hours while studying: a higher risk for First-in-Family students
and students of particular fields of study? European journal for higher education, 1-20.
8. Malhotra, N. K., Nunan, D., & Birks, D. F. (2017). Marketing research: an applied approach. Harlow: Pearson
Education Limited.
9. Narmania, D., Kharkheli, M., Vardiashvili, N., & Makasarishvili, M. (2022). The role, problems and challenges
of higher education in Georgia. International Journal of Teaching and Education, 34-64.
10. Zając, T. (2020). Student employment in Poland: evidence from the Polish Graduate Tracking System.
Higher Education in Russia and Beyond, 25-28.The purpose of this paper is to observe and describe undergraduate students entering the labour
market in Poland and in Georgia and fill the gaps in the literature. The study uses a structured
and self-administered online questionnaire. The population of the University of Bydgoszcz in Poland
was 900 active students, and the students of Tbilisi State University - 4460. Cramer’s V is used to
check the association between different variables. The questionnaire is in line with the International
Labour Organization and the National Statistics Office of Georgia methodology. This is one of the first
attempts to analyse data from Poland and Georgia and focuses on undergraduate students. The article
aims to determine whether there is an association between specific variables. The authors believe
that this paper will gain some attention from policymakers and can allow Governments to take action.
The study shows us that the results of two different countries are not as far apart as it would
have to be supposed, but Georgian and Polish education system differ toward connection to the labour
market. The study can be used by regulators, researchers, scientists, public institutions and Governments.
The study uses a short period to collect the data and a small sample. Another limitation
of the study is the non-coincidence of the Education System in Poland and Georgia. Also, the limitation
that may arise is the use of Email surveys that have several limitations, primarily being that they
can appear dry and uninteresting
EDUCATION IN THE JEWISH DIASPORA OF GEORGIA
Get PDFIn 19th century (and earlier) Georgia, Jewishness played a very insignificant
role socially and intellectually. The main goal of the Jews,
who were virtually self-isolated from the outside world and lived as
isolated communities, was to earn a living. This circumstance essentially
determined the fact that until the beginning of the 20th century,
Georgian Jews did not show their real potential intellectual abilities almost
at all. The 20th century came with new changes and brought
many innovations. In 1933, the Historical-Ethnographic Museum of the
Jews of Georgia was founded in Tbilisi, and it became possible to correct
the shortcomings in the field of studying the past (because until
then the science was descriptive in nature).
Nissan Babalikashvili, Konstantine Lerner, Eldar Mamistvalashvili,
Guram Batiashvili, Nathan Baazov, Itzhak David and others started to
study the existence of Georgian Jews - life, their history and educational
issues. It is worth noting: the book „Georgian Jews in Georgia“ by
the famous historian and public figure - Zakaria Chichinadze, published
in 1940; 1940-45 „Several volumes of the works of the Historical-
Ethnographic Museum of the Jews of Georgia“; In 1940, academician
Giorgi Tsereteli published the article "Newly discovered Hebrew inscription
of Mtskheti“ in „Enimki Moambe“; 2002 Roin Metreveli's
"Jews in Georgia“ was published; 1995 „History of Georgian Jews" by
Eldar Mamistalashvili, 1998. "The 26th Century of Jewish Settlement in
Georgia“ was published in 2009. „Doors of Prayer“ by Davit Golan; „Jewishness
of Kutaisi“ by Daniel Khananashvili in 2011; Articles and essays
of many authors were also collected. In 1990, the "Jewish Agency for Israel" was opened in Georgia,
which continues to successfully participate in the construction of the
Jewish state, and also promotes the unique phenomenon - the 26-
century brotherly coexistence of the Georgian and Jewish people.
It should be especially noted that since 1975, the Israeli educational
scientific center has been operating at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State
University, where scientists and researchers are still conducting scientific
research on the issues of Georgian-Jewish cultural relations, and the scientific
collection „Issues of the History and Theory of Culture“ is published
every year. Volume XXXVI). In addition, the Hebrew language has
been taught at the university since 1944. Hebrew is also taught at Ilia
Chavchavadze State University, Open Hebrew University, Jewish Cultural
Educational Foundation, secondary and Sunday schools.
As is known, a large number of Jews left Georgia in the 70s of the
last century and returned to their historical homeland. Today, the majority
of Georgian Jews are in Israel, and the process of their integration
and assimilation with the other Jewish population of Israel is gradually
accelerating. But, fortunately, Georgian Jews do not forget their
second homeland, periodically visit Georgia and pass on their love for
Georgia from generation to generation. Many scientists were brought
up in proper conditions in the Jewish community of Georgia. Through
their efforts, the transmission of Georgian language and Georgian traditions
to the next generation continues
The Text of “The Acts of the Apostles” in Georgian Manuscripts
No full textეძღვნება პროფესორ ფარნაოზ ერთელიშვილის დაბადებიდან მე-100 წლისთავს/ Dedicated to the 100th Birthday of Prof. Parnaoz Ertelishvili“Among the outstanding monuments written in Old Georgian, one of the most prominent
is undoubtedly “The Acts of the Apostles” (Akaki Shanidze). It must have been translated into
Georgian soon after the translation of the Gospels (4th-5th centuries), but earlier manuscripts
have not reached us. The oldest of the surviving manuscripts are dated by the 10th century.
Currently, there are two separate editions of the Old Georgian translation of “The Acts
of the Apostles” (I. Abuladze, 1950, G. Garitte, 1955). In all, 11 manuscripts have been used
for both editions. I. Abuladze published the text based on 9 manuscripts (S-407, S-1398,
Ath.42, Kut-176, A-584, A-34, A-137, A-677 and K-4) and distinguished 4 versions (A
and B – pre-Athonian, C – by George the Athonite and D – by Ephrem the Minor), whereas
G. Garitte’s edition was based on two Sinaitic manuscripts of the 10th century (O/Sin.
Geo.58/31/60 and O/Sin.Geo.39). At this time, the publishers had no access to the manuscripts
preserved on mount Athos and in Jerusalem. Besides, the above-mentioned editions did not
reflect the textual material preserved in the ancient liturgical collections of “The Acts of the
Apostles”. Therefore, it is still a topical issue to study the manuscripts containing the text of
Old Georgian translation of “The Acts of the Apostles” and the critical edition of the text of
the Old Georgian translation. The latter reflects the data of all the important manuscripts and
yields the necessary textual material for the identification of the stages of translation-edition
of the text and the origin of the translation. Currently, with the financing of Shota Rustaveli
National Science Foundation, a project (FR-21-7518) is under way, aimed at the preparation
of such publication (Principal Investigator D. Tvaltvadze, Key members: D. Tvaltvadze, S.
Sarjveladze, E. Giunashvili, T. Jikurashvili).
On the initial stage of the research, which embraced collection and classification of the
manuscripts of “The Acts of the Apostles”, approximately 90 manuscripts were identified.
Analysis of the collection of Georgian manuscripts proved that none of the analyzed codices
contains only the text of “The Acts of the Apostles” (with the exception of fragmentary
manuscripts where this is due to the damage/destruction of the integrity of the manuscript).
The text of “The Acts of the Apostles” forms part of collections which differ in their content,
structure and function. These are: a) Biblical collections, b) liturgical collections and c) exegetical
collections.
“The Acts of the Apostles” and Epistles, as the unity of books related to the missionary
activities of the Apostles, are chiefly represented in the form of a collection called “Praxapostolos”.
About twenty codices with this name have been preserved. They include the Acts of
the Apostles, Pauline Epistles and Catholic Epistles, although the structure of the collections
is not homogenous. The collections mostly differ in the order of the books of the New Testament.
As “The Acts of the Apostles” and Epistles are closely linked to the Gospels, it is not
surprising that the collections embraced the Gospels and the “Praxapostolos” together. In the
Georgian manuscript tradition, such a collection is called “Gospel-Praxapostolos”. One of
such collections is the 11th century manuscript Kut.176, which embraces the four Gospels,
Pauline Epistles, Acts of the Apostles and probably also Catholic Epistles (the end of the
manuscript is missing). One of such collections (A-482) has a reversed order (Acts, Catholic
Epistles, Pauline Epistles and the Gospels). It should be noted that a complete collection of the New Testament, consisting of the four Gospels, Acts and Revelation of Saint John the Divine,
appeared in the later period of the Georgian manuscript tradition and may as well have
been derived from printed editions (e.g. A-909, H – 664, 18th century).
The text of “The Acts of the Apostles” is included in different liturgical collections in the
form of lections. Out of these, the oldest are lectionaries, which embrace lections from Old
and New Testaments arranged according to the church calendar (for instance, the lectionaries
of Kala, Latali and Paris). Lections of “The Acts of the Apostles” are also given in the liturgical
collections containing lections from the Praxapostolos to be read throughout the year, such
as lections from Acts, Pauline and Catholic Epistles arranged according to the ecclesiastical
year/Collective Book of the Apostles. Lections of “The Acts of the Apostles” are also found
in the mixed liturgical collections such as “Evangelion -Praxapostolos” and “Gulani”, which,
alongside with other texts, contains lections of the “Acts of the Apostles”.
As for the text of “The Acts of the Apostles” represented in the exegetical collections, we
mean the “Commentary on the Apostolicum” translated by Ephrem the Minor, based on the
exegetical work of John Chrysostom, and obtained from the catenae collection compiled by
Cyril of Alexandria. The text of George the Athonite’s “Praxapostolos” corrected by Ephrem
the Minor in the process of translation was later, against the translator’s will, copied separately
from the exegetical work and thus turned into a new independent version (D version). Thus,
the manuscripts containing Ephrem the Minor’s version of “Praxapostolos” are of two types:
a) the manuscripts representing the exegetical work translated by Ephrem the Minor, the
Kimenic part of which comprises George’s text of “Praxapostolos”. The marginal marks in
it denote the parts altered by Ephrem. The parts considered by Ephrem as “more appropriate
translation” are given in the commentaries b) the manuscripts, in which the text of “Praxapostolos”
edited by Ephrem is given without commentaries (i. e. this is not an exegetical but
a Biblical book). In the manuscripts of the first type, known as “Commentary on the Apostolicum,
Commentary on the Acts of Apostles is usually given together with the commentaries
on Pauline and Catholic Epistles. Interestingly enough, among the Georgian manuscripts
there are exegetical collections of another type, in which, alongside with the “Commentaries
to the Praxapostolos”, there are explanations of certain books of the New Testament (e.g.
“Commentary on St. Mark’s Gospels” and “Commentary on Praxapostolos”/“Commentary
on Praxapostolos” and “Commentary on the Revelation of John”).
Research has revealed several manuscripts which have not been thoroughly analyzed
and used in the existing publications until now (for instance, Ivir. georg.19 and Jer.Geo.94/82,
in which there is an order peculiar of the old Pre-Athonian versions of “Praxapostolos”
Books). At first sight, it seems that the text must be Pre-Athonian B version; Ivir.georg.78 –
11th century manuscript copied from George the Athonite’s autograph, which will be a reliable
witness for the identification of George’s version of the text of “The Acts of the Apostles”;
Jer.Geo.19 – the manuscript copied in the 12th-13th centuries, which, according to R. Blake,
is the version of George the Athonite, although this opinion should be verified based on textological
research. Also, there is a complete manuscript of “Praxapostolos”, Jer.Geo.129 and
A- 482 collection of “Gospels-Praxapostolos”. Despite pertaining to the later period (13th-14th
centuries), they are worth attention, and textological analysis will help find out which version of the text is represented in them. Textological research should by all means use some liturgical
collection of the 9th-10th centuries from Sinai mountain, namely: O/Sin.Geo.53 (9th-10th
centuries), N/Sin.Geo.26; N/Sin.Geo.31, N/Sin.Geo.54, N/Sin.Geo.26; N/Sin.Geo.31, N/Sin.
Geo.58, which, alongside with other works, include lections of “Acts” and, despite being
fragmentary, may contain important textual material.კვლევა შესრულებულია შოთა რუსთველის ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის (SRNSFG) საგრანტო პროექტის FR-21-7518 ფარგლებში/ The research has been implemented within the grants project FR-21-7518 of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSFG)
Constituent elements of personnel policy system and its regulation in Georgian tourism and hospitality industry
No full text1. Goeldner C. R., Ritchie B. R. Tourism, Principles, Practices and Philosophies. 2008;
2. Human Resources Management in the Hospitality Industry. David R. Hayes, Jack D. Ninemeier. 2009;
3. Introduction to Hospitality 7th Edition by John Walker (Author), 2017;
4. Human Resources Management in the Hospitality Industry. David R. Hayes, Jack D. Ninemeier. 2009;
5. Managing People in the Hospitality Industry, By Michael Riley. London, 2019;
6. Feng Scot-Human Resourse Management for the Hospitality and Tourism Industries. 1999;
7. Standing G. (1999). Global Labour Flexibility: Seeking Distributive Justice. New-York: St. Martin’s Press;
8. Workers in on Integrating World, World Development Report, The World Bank, Oxford Universitz Press;
9. Roger Plant. Labour Standards and Structural Adjustment. International Lobour Office: Geneva. 1994;
10. Управление человеческими ресурсами на предпрятиях индустрии гостепримства. М., 2007;
11. ბეროვსი ვ., პავერსი ტ., რეინოლდსი დ. შესავალი მასპინძლობის მენეჯმენტში. თბილისი., 2012;
12. ქარდავა ე. შრომის სამართლის განვითარება ევროინტეგრაციული პროცესების შუქზე, სამართლის ჟურნალი, #1. 2016;
13. მელაძე მ. შრომითი ურთიერთობების რეგულირება და სოციალური დიალოგის განვითარება საქართველოში. თბილისი., 2012;
14. საქართველოს შრომის კოდექსის ეკონომიკური ანალიზი, PMC-ის კვლევითი ცენტრი. მაისი. 2013;
15. საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია. თბილისი., 2012.Tourism and hospitality in the modern world and among them, in Georgia, has become one of the strong, important income-generating economic sectors for the country. This means that the industry presented today is a priority area of the economy, and the country's government and, in particular, the companies in this area, should take care of its systematic development, in the light of highlighting the peculiarities of tourism, developing the right personnel management policy and its effective regulation. The activities of the personnel of our country, regardless of the field in which they are employed, are primarily regulated by the governmental documents of Georgia and the relevant legislation regulating the field.
The tourism and hospitality industry is a very specific field, as the personnel working in it, unlike those employed in other economic sectors, are required to have distinctive qualities. It is they who must create such a cohesive team of high responsibility, which will be able to offer visitors an impeccable service, and, most importantly, to react promptly and smoothly to the changed environment and the modern needs of tourists. Therefore, the article discusses:
1. Peculiarities of staff planning, selection and management of personnel policy system constituent elements;
2. Aspects of personnel policy system regulation - based on Georgian government documents and special laws in the tourism and hospitality industry.
Unlike other industries, staffing in the tourism industry is planned first, qualitatively, and only then, quantitatively. Qualitative composition means: knowledge of this field, skills, accumulated competences and, as we have already mentioned, personal qualities pleasing to the guest - accuracy, precision, speed and others. Success in this field is not determined by the number of employees, but by their quality. Knowledge and ethical behavior are required here, because we are serving a guest. If we want the visitor to visit us again, we must offer him a tourist service with acceptable behavior and ethical norms.
With appropriate information, the author of the article argues the existence of the peculiarities of personnel management in the tourism and hospitality industry, the need for personnel qualification and competence, and the necessary requirement for a high intellectual level of employees in this field, because the service personnel have a close intellectual connection with visitors and considers it necessary to take into account these characteristics - personnel planning, in the process of selection and management.
Both analysis and planning of personnel are carried out in the companies of the tourism industry by carrying out a number of measures and consist of the following actions:
1. Analysis of business, personal and professional characteristics of enterprise personnel;
2. Expected changes in the supply of personnel from the labor market during the planning period;
3. Forecast of the corresponding company's demand for personnel in the planning period.
And personnel planning and selection is carried out in three stages:
1. Preparatory stage. The following are carried out: orientation, professional selection, professional training;
2. Distributive stage. In progress: gathering of personnel, selection and deployment of the selected cadre to the workplaces;
3. Adaptation stage. It is carried out: adaptation of the newly received cadre and also the cadre transferred from one place of work to another.
Management of the personnel employed in the organization is the same administrative labor process, which is carried out by the head of the personnel management service, that is, the personnel manager. Administrative work is mental work. With this work, the coordinated activity of the personnel is achieved in tourism. This is done by organizing, regulating, motivating and controlling the work of employees. The content of personnel management in tourism is determined by the personnel's knowledge, work habits, competencies, ability to cooperate and mutual respect, as well as compliance with legal norms.
With his own opinions and excerpts from the works of other scientists, the author proves how important it is to regulate personnel policy and points out the shortcomings that exist in the relevant laws regulating the tourism sector of Georgia.
Labor relations are discussed from market and institutional aspects. Those in favor of institutionalism give preference to social dialogue between the parties, while those in favor of market aspects prefer market demands. Regulation of labor relations in any form has both strengths and weaknesses.
In today's conditions of globalization, labor relations are less protected in Georgia. The rights of staff to receive compensation equivalent to the work performed are often violated. This is the situation in the tourism sector as well. Foreign tourist companies, which bring visitors from different countries to Georgia, pay meager amounts to local escorts, porters and guides. In many cases, the situation is the same in terms of equal pay for staff in the hotel and restaurant business.
In the opinion of the author, in the tourism and hospitality industry, as well as in other fields, there should be international standards in labor regulation and labor compensation, which everyone is obliged to follow. Private sector companies are given the right to choose independently, without state intervention, the forms of personnel development and remuneration-stimulation, employment placement and working conditions, team or group work and many others. Public sector organizations-institutions do not have the right to such independent action. Uniform rules apply to them in this area;
The tourism and hospitality industry as a field is regulated by a special law - "On Tourism and Resorts", in which only general issues of tourism are regulated - concepts, types of tourism, activities, resources, resort places, resort industry and many others. It does not say anything about personnel regulation, it is entirely dedicated to tourist activities
Using of scenario technologies in the process of anti-crisis regulation of small business
No full text1. ბერიშვილი ხ. „სოციალური პასუხისმგებლობა და კომპანიის გრძელვადიან შედეგებზე ორიენტი-
რებული მიდგომები“. თსუ, პ. გუგუშვილის სახელობის ეკონომიკის ინსტიტუტი. საერთაშორისო
სამეცნიერო ინტერნეტ კონფერენცია „თანამედროვე მსოფლიოს ეკონომიკური პრობლემები“ .
2020
2. შენგელია თ. „გლობალური ეკონომიკის რეცესია და საქართველოს პოსტვირუსული განვითარება“.
ჟ. ეკონომიკა და ბიზნესი № 1, 2020
3. შენგელია თ. „კორონავირუსის მსოფლიო გეოგრაფია და საქართველოს ეკონომიკის პერსპექტი-
ვები. III ეროვნული სამეცნიერო კონფერენცია „კორონომიკა: ეკონომიკური მეცნიერების და ეკო-
ნომიკური პოლიტიკის თანამედროვე გამოწვევები“. თბ., 2020
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16. Shengelia T. 2014. Tendencies of The Capital International Movement and Its Influence on the Economy of
the Sovereign State. International Journal of Science, Technology and Medicine 6 (1),
17. Shengelia T. 2017. The role of state regulation of investment in the Georgia business development.
International business in the world economic system
18. Sarasvathy S. . Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to
entrepreneurial contingency // cademy of anagement Review, 2001, vol. 26(2)
19. Thorgren S., Williams T. . Staying alive during an unfolding crisis:// Journal of Business Venturing Insights,
2020, vol. 14,.
20. Аакер Д.А. Стратегическое рыночное управление. — СПб: Питер, 2012 - 189c.
21. Матс Линдгрен, Ханс Бандхольд. Сценарное планирование: связь между будущим и стратегией/[Пер. с
англ. И. Ильиной].-М.:ЗАО «Олимп- Бизнес», 2012.-256 с
22. Лаева Т. В. Сценарный анализ как основа стратегического планОирования в
23. организации // «Менеджмент в России и за рубежом», №2, 2013. –168 c
24. Дятловская И. С. Когнитивные модели создания стратегии при использовании сценарного подхода. /
Дятловская И. С. // Журнал «Стратегии», №6 , 2012. – 196cThe scenarios were formed as an alternative to the forecasts of the future development of
small companies. As a rule, the forecast establishes the only trajectory of the future development of
a small organization, that is often heuristic. Based on the development of the scenario, argumentative
options for future development adapted to the external environment for a specific small
organization are determined.
A system of analyzing more scientific literature on the methods of scenario planning in small
business can be the basic phasing of paid scenario planning and the development of practical plans
that determine the fact that determine the specifics. Primary developed snarul approach short-term
goals, crisis location
The scenario approach developed by us for short-term goals, in order to find a way out of a
crisis situation, is a practical nature
Inclusive Education from the Perspective of Regional Universities
No full textინკლუზიური განათლება რეგიონული უნივერსიტეტების პერსპექტივიდან
მოცმული კვლევა წარმოადგენს კვლევითი პროექტის ნაწილს, რომელიც განხორციელდა სსიპ შოთა რუსთაველის საქართველოს ეროვნული სამეცნიერო ფონდის მიერ დაფინანსებულ საგრანტო პროექტის - ,,მასწავლებლები ინკლუზიური განათლების მხარდასაჭერად“, (გრანტი №FR-21-3869) - ფარგლებში.
მოცემულ კვლევაში წარმოდგენილია სამ რეგიონულ სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტში (ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, აკაკი წერეთლის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, იაკობ გოგებაშვილის სახელობის თელავის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი) ინკლუზიური განათლების მიმართ აკადემიური და ადმინისტრაციული პერსონალის დამოკიდებულებების ანალიზი.
კვლევა ჩატარდა თვისებრივი მეთოდის გამოყენებით, წინასწარ შედგენილი გზამკვლევით, რომელიც ეფუძნება საერთაშორისო ინსტრუმენტს ინკლუზიის ინდექსს (The Index for Inclusion; Booth, T., Ainscow, M. (2011)). გზამკლევი მოიცავს ცხრა ღია შეკითხვას და ეხება სამ ძირითად სფეროს. კვლევა ეყრდნობა უნივერსიტეტებში ჩატარებული სამი ფოკუს ჯგუფისა და თვრამეტი სიღრმისეული ინტერვიუს მონაცემების ანალიზს. კვლევაში მონაწილეობა მიიღეს უნივერსიტეტების ადმინისტრაციულმა და აკადემიურმა პერსონალმა.
კვლევის შედეგების ანალიზმა აჩვენა, რომ უნივერსიტეტების წარმომადგენლები აცნობიერებენ ინკლუზიური განათლების მნიშვნელობას და ცდილობენ ინკლუზიური პრაქტიკის დანერგვას თავიანთ ინსტიტუციებში. თითოეული უნივერსიტეტი, თავისი შესაძლებლობის ფარგლებში, ხელს უწყობს სტუდენტებსა და თანამშრომლებს ზოგადად და საგანგებოდ ითვალისწინებს შშმ და სსსმ სტუდენტების საჭიროებებსა, თუ ინტერესებს.
შშმ და სსსმ სტუდენტების მხარდაჭერა გამოიხატება ძირითადად ფიზიკური გარემოს ადაპტირებაში, რაც ბოლო წლებში უმაღლესი სასწავლებლებისათვის აკრედიტაციის სტანდარტის ერთ-ერთი ძირითადი მოთხოვნაა და, შესაბამისად, ყველა უნივერსიტეტში მეტ-ნაკლებად ადაპტირებულია ფიზიკური გარემო გადაადგილების პრობლემების მქონე შშმპ-ებისათვის. მხარდამჭერ ღონისძიებად შეიძლება მივიჩნიოთ სასწავლო პროცესის დაგეგმვა სსსმ და შშმ სტუდენტებისათვის მოსახერხებელ სივრცეში, მათი შესაძლებლობების გათვალისწინება აუდიტორიებში განთავსებისას, სპეციალური პირობების შექმნა გამოცდების ჩატარებისას, დამატებითი დროის გამოყოფა ლექტორების მხრიდან, შეღავათები სწავლის დაფინანსებაში. ფაქტობრივად, ვერც ერთი უნივერსიტეტი ვერ სთავაზობს სათანადო მხარდაჭერას სენსორული დარღვევების მქონე სტუდენტებს, შესაბამისად, მხედველობისა და სმენის შეზღუდვების მქონე სტუდენტები თითქმის არ გვხვდებიან უნივერსიტეტებში. უნივერსიტეტებს არა აქვთ არც ადაპტირებული სასწავლო რესურსი და არ ჰყავთ სათანადოდ მომზადებული პერსონალი. განათლების მიმართულების პერსონალი ყველაზე უკეთ ერკვევა ინკლუზიური განათლების პრინციპებში.
მხარდამჭერი გარემოს შექმნაზე უნივერსიტეტის სხვადასხვა სტრუქტურული ერთეულის სხდომებზე იშვიათად მსჯელობენ, პრობლემებზე რეაგირება კი ძირითადად რეაქტიულია. ინკლუზიური გარემოს შესაქმნელად საჭირო რესურსების მობილიზაციისთვის უნივერსიტეტებმა ბოლო წლებში შედარებით აქტიურად დაიწყეს მუშაობა
Towards the Students’ Use of Backchannel Signals Within the Context of Virtual (Zoom) Class: The Students’ Perspective
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.52340/PUTK.2023.2346-8149.04This paper deals with special signals which show the speaker that their message is getting through. These signals are examined in online classroom discourse, taking place via Zoom and emphasis is placed on students’ perspective in relation to the use of the abovementioned signals.
The data were collected through questionnaires that have been prepared in Google Form to circulate among the undergraduate students from the Department of English Philology, Faculty of Humanities at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. After the thorough study of linguistic and empirical data, the frequency of the usage of backchannels by students has been established and the types of backchannel signals were distinguished. In addition, the students’ perspective on the function of the backchannel signals has been determined and Zoom-specific backchannel signals were identified
THE INTERSECTION OF ELEMENTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES OF THE BRONZE AGE IN THE COLCHIAN HIGHLANDS (GENERAL OVERVIEW)
No full textThe location in the high mountains of Western Georgia, the relatively
harsh climatic conditions, and living in hard-to-reach places, seemed
to have led to isolation of the mountainous Svaneti from the outside
world. However, this area was actively connected with the neighbouring
regions in the Bronze Age, which is well proven by the discovery
of numerous metal objects. Proximity to the passes connecting
different regions led to the diversity of the Svaneti region in the Bronze
and Iron Ages.
Distant contacts can be observed between Svaneti and the neighbouring
regions since the 3rd millennium BC, it is evidenced by lop-eared
and wide-mouthed axes, which are known for the Maykop and
Kura-Araxes complexes. Svaneti is the first region after Zemo (Upper) Imereti where different
variants of the so-called Sachkhere type lop-eared and socket-eared
axes are abundantly recovered. Some contacts are observed with
the Shida Kartli region, which is reflected by the discovery of the so--
called Central Transcaucasian axes in the mountainous Colchis (Svaneti
and Racha-Lechkhumi). Perhaps, contacts in the past between Zemo
Imereti and Svaneti regions were made through the paths on the Racha
ridge.
Characteristic elements of the early complexes of Brili cemetery
and Digoria Proto-Koban culture can be found in the materials discovered
in Zemo Svaneti. Some scientists, namely, A. Yesen, V. Markovin, A.
Moshinsky, and A. Skakov. See the similarities between the materials
of these two regions, especially the bronze artifacts. According to this,
the Digoria culture and the sites of these two metallurgical regions are
distinguished. Links between the mountainous Colchis (Racha) and the
North Caucasus were made through the passes on the Central Caucasus
ridge.
Svaneti, as well as other parts of mountainous Colchis (Racha-Lechkhumi),
was included in the distribution area of pre-Colchian and ancient
Colchian cultures, which is evidenced by individual finds of metal
objects, as well as by Colchian Late Bronze Age hoards and numerous
materials from the Brili cemetery and some burial customs such as cremation.
The close contact between the highlands and lowlands of the Colchis
world is especially seen in the discovery of copper bars in the lowlands,
thus the existing metal casting workshops were supplied from
the mountains, including the mining sites Zaargash and Zemo Racha.
During the exchange of goods between the Colchian highlands
and lowlands, copper bars may have been an equivalent of the payment.
In addition to copper bars, other types of bronze artifacts could
have been used in this regard. From this point of view, the massive bronze rings included in the hoards of Kvishari, Tskhinvali, and Mekhchi
fortresses are noteworthy and doubtful to have had a practical
purpose. These objects, known as ring rods, are believed to be equivalent
to the payment. Bronze segments may have had the same function.
It is interesting to see what the mountainous people could receive
in exchange for rods from the lowland people, as this must have been
a common exchange between these two regions. Perhaps tin, which
should have been harder to supply the highlands than the lowlands.
Besides, the raw materials for the manufacture of stone beads-jewellery
could have also been included in the process of exchange with the mountainous
people because the workshops of these jewellery are known
in the territory of central Colchis dated to the 8th-7th centuries BC