UISpace (University of Ibadan)
Not a member yet
10917 research outputs found
Sort by
Teachers' perception of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their knowledge of Strategies used for pupils with the disorder
No full textAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent diagnoses in schools today, it is a common childhood neurodevelopment disorder that involves unremitting, and controversial childhood disorders, receiving large amounts of attention from researchers and general public. Pupils with this disorder have problems with attention span, impulse control and activity which frequently interfere with both classroom and social activities. The success of these categories of pupils in classroom situation depends on the ability of teachers to manage them. Despite the existence and availability of many empirical studies examining the causes, assessment, associated issues and treatment of ADHD, relatively few studies have examined teachers' perception of ADHD and their knowledge of support strategies used for pupils with the disorder. The extent to which this is done forms the basis of this study. A descriptive survey research was conducted, two hundred and thirty five pre-primary and primary school teachers participated in the research process where it was discovered that teacher hadpositive perception of the disorder and had low knowledge ofthe majority of the measured strategies used in handling pupils with ADHD. It was recommended that government and all private school owners should encourage the teachers through training for better implementation of strategies used for pupils with ADHD. Curriculum for teacher education should be restructured to include early childhood special education courses for pupils with special needs like ADHD
Butterfly count on different habitats in international institute of tropical agriculture (IITA), Ibadan-Nigeria
No full textButterflies are considered as good ecological indicators for other invertebrate and as surrogate representatives of environmental quality changes. Their occurrence and diversity in populations contribute to thriving ecosystems and can indicate the state of an ecosystem’s health. Though, there is high increase in habitat fragmentation of most protected area. However, information on butterfly species abundance, richness on different habitat is limited in the study area. The study assessed the diversity and abundance butterfly species in relation to its environmental factors. Sampling was done quantitatively using three complementary methods, line transect (walk-and-counts), hand nets, and fruit bait traps in June and July 2018. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, diversity indices and Pearson’s correlation. A total of 646 individual representing 40 butterfly species belonging to 5 families in the order Lepidoptera were recorded across the three different habitats. Members of Nymphalidae family occurred most and accounted for 57.5% species and 63.3% total number of individual species with Acrsea serena been the most dominant across the habitats. Forest habitat had the highest species composition (n = 316). Generally, species abundance (31.0%), richness (33.7%) and family composition (33.7%) respectively, were recorded more through visual count method, while mean species abundance (26.1%) encountered higher with hand-net method. There was no significant relationship between the environmental factors and the total number of individuals or species richness. But rainfall was found to be positively correlated with the species diversity and abundance. Hence, understanding the factors affecting butterfly species diversity and abundance in IITA is very important for conservation purposes
Impact of the Level of Maternal Education on Maternal and Newborn Health in Nigeria
No full textCross-sectional studies have shown a number of factors Chat impact maternal health, including socioeconomic status, health-seeking behaviours, and education. The objective of this study was to establish the impact of maternal education on maternal and newborn health in Nigeria. The design adopted for this study was retrospective. The 2018 NDHS and global data were used as primary sources for the study. Predictive factors responsible for good health indicators were considered for all the States in Nigeria. The educational status of the mother and utilization of maternal and newborn health Services were considered for analysis. The result showed a strong link between maternal education and maternal health in Nigeria, just as it exists in other parts of the world. It was concluded that maternal education knits many social parts together and creates a whole piece of interaction, creating a better health outcome. Literate women were more likely to deliver in health care facilities under the supervision of skilled birth attendants. They are also more likely to present themselves and their newborns for postnatal care. The benefits of maternal education extend beyond just the direct recipients of the education; children also benefit from maternal schooling as maternal education significantly reduces the risk of not accessing maternal and newborn health Services. Therefore, more attention should be given to girl-child education as a strong social determinant of health when devising strategies to reduce maternal mortality and to achieve universal health coverage in Safe Motherhood
Crossflow flow and heat transfer characteristics across a cam-shaped tube bank: a numerical study
No full textTubes are commonly employed in heat exchangers for their ease of production and capacity to sustain high pressure. In this study, the heat and flow transfer behaviour of cam-shaped tube bank in staggered configuration at varying angles of attack 0° to 180° was numerically investigated. The study was carried out by solving the continuity, momentum, energy and realizable k-ε transport equations using the finite volume-based ANSYS Fluent solver. This was performed to acquire the friction factor and heat transfer characteristics in the air inlet velocity range of 9 to 15 m/s. The results showed that the cam-shaped tube bank at varying angles of attack provided enhanced heat transfer characteristics relative to the circular tube bank. Also, camshaped tube banks at angles of attack of 90° and 120° exhibited the maximum heat transfer with 33.9 and 32.1% increase in Nusselt number over the circular tubes. Their friction factor was higher by 183 and 140.7%, respectively. The cam-shaped tube banks generally exhibited higher performance than the circular tube bank. Tube banks at angles of attack of 150° and 180° demonstrated higher thermal-hydraulic performance by 167.6 and 284.3% than the circular tubes, respectively. However, the tube banks at angles 90° and 120° exhibited lesser performance by value of 52.6 and 45.1%
Bridging the gap between the sciences and the humanities in nigeria: literature and the wale okediran example
No full textThe dichotomy between the sciences and the humanities has continued to be a concern, particularly in the 21st Century. However, conscious and consistent efforts are being made globally at bridging the gap through the promotion of interaction and multidisciplinary approach to issues. Contemporary studies on these have not only engaged from diverse theoretical positions but have made specific interventions in reconstructing the link that will synergise both in the new world order. This study juxtaposes these realities vis -a-vis the purpose and significance of the sciences and the humanities as separate enterprises, and when melded together as a single enterprise. Taking bearing from the medical practices of Sigmund Freud, his interpretations and diagnostic approach to literature; this paper examines the professional experience of Wale Okediran and his literary writings. Okediran, a Nigerian physician, writer and politician, through his work, social and political interaction further ennobles the fusion of the sciences and the humanities in being able to conscientise and positively influence his society
Industrial relations practice in Nigeria: issues and perspectives
No full textThis study explored the practice of industrial relations in Nigeria during the military regime era and civilian government era. It drew a comparison between the eras to determine the impact of the power dynamics and relationships between the government and labour unions on Nigeria's industrial relations theory and practice. The study relied on the documentary method and obtained secondary sources data from a review of journals, textbooks, and official publications to examine the impacts of these two eras on industrial relations practice by diagnosing their involvement, intervention, and interference in labour union movements in the country. As the largest employer of labour, the government was more than the employer in the power dynamics of industrial relations practice. The industrial relations system evolved in an environment of government involvement, intervention, and interference, whether it was the military or civilian government in power. Consequently, the industrial relations practice in Nigeria has not been able to represent the management of institutionalized relationships in the social system to promote harmonious industrial co-existence between principal actors: government and labour unions. The study suggested that the government should serve as regulators in the industrial relations systems to manage institutionalized relationships through policies and evolve self-governing mechanisms devoid of interference for harmonious mutual co-existence with labour unions for stability in the policy and economic posterity in Nigeria
Recycling sorghum husk and palm kernel shell wastes for pervious concrete production
No full textAgro-industrial by-products are being used as an alternative to traditional building materials because the construction of buildings and roads emits greenhouse gases and consumes energy. This study explores pervious concrete (PC) that includes sorghum husk ash (SHA) and palm kernel shell (PKS) as alternatives to cement and natural aggregate (NA) to obtain a robust, sustainable and cost efficient pavement structure. Mixtures of PC were produced with 5–25% SHA at a level of 5% by weight as substitution for cement and 20–100% PKS at a level of 20% by weight as substitution for NA. The performance of SHA-PKS based PC was evaluated using density, compressive strength, porosity and permeability. Sustainability of combining SHA and PKS on PC was also examined by measuring embodied carbon and energy as well as cost efficacy. Thereafter, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to optimize the prediction of porosity and permeability were developed for the PC.
Utilizing the coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE), the suitability of the ANN models was assessed. Results showed that as SHA and PKS amounts increased, PC densities declined. Except at 5%, when they were higher than the control, compressive strength decreased as SHA increased. On the other hand, the addition of PKS increased PC porosity and permeability while lowering density
and compressive strength. Mixture of SHA-blended PKS based PC with 40% PKS and 20% SHA attained the compressive strength, porosity and permeability values specified for PC which is adequate for sidewalks and cycle ways. This mixture lowers the embodied carbon, embodied energy and cost by 23%, 20% and 24% respectively. The adopted ANN models adequately predicted the porosity and permeability of PC (R2: 0.99; MSE: 0.88–1.76; RMSE: 0.94–1.32). The findings of this work offer a sustainable path to recycle SHA and PKS for
constructions
Knowledge of Malaria Management in Pediatrics among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground Falls are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in older people. Many drugs have been shown to increase the risk of falls in this population. Few empirical data exist on the use of fall-risk-increasing drugs among older people of sub-Saharan Africa countries. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of falls, and the association between FRIDs, drugs causing orthostatic hypotension and falls. Setting Geriatric center, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of 400 older patients aged ≥ 60 years selected consecutively at the geriatric centre, between September and November 2019, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic information, medication utilization, and history of falls were obtained. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS 23. Alpha was set at 0.05. Main outcome measure Prevalence and predictors of falls among ambulatory older patients. Results The mean age of the older patients was 72.4 ± 7.3 years and 255 (63.7%) were females. The total number of FRIDs and ODs used by older patients was 578 (35.2%). The prevalence of fall was 181 (45.3%) which was signifcantly higher among the females compared with the males (51.8% vs 33.8%) p = 0.01. Classes of medications such as anti-Parkinson’s (p = 0.027), sedatives (p = 0.033), antipsychotics (p = 0.011) and anticholinergic (p = 0.027) were signifcantly associated with fall. Predictive factors for falls on logistic regression were female [OR = 2.375; 95% CI 0.274–3.704, p = 0.001] and use of antipsychotics [OR = 5.132; 95% CI 1.352–19.480, p = 0.016]. Conclusion The prevalence of falls was high and being a woman ≥ 60 years is a major risk factor for falling. Interventions to decrease falls in older patients by drug modifcation and deprescribing of FRIDs and ODs might reduce fall-related injuries. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for intervention to reduce the risk of falls and improve therapeutic outcomes among older patients
Population abundance, density and diversity of antelope species in pandam wiildlife park, plateau state, Nigeria
Get PDFHabitat loss and fragmentation are heating deep into conservation areas like Wildlife Parks and this has posed a serious threat to wildlife population abundance and diversity. The fluctuations in population of fauna species are dependent on the quality of the habitat. Therefore, the population abundance, density and diversity of antelope species were investigated. Line transects (2 km each) were laid 1km apart in: savannah woodland-SW (n=4), riparian forest -RF (n=3) and swamp land-SL (n=3). The line transect method was used to identify antelopes during wet (July-October) and dry (December-March) seasons (2017-2019). Simpson’s (D) and Shannon-Weiner (H’) indices were estimated for herbivores. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Four Antelopes were identified and Kobus kob was most dominant. Antelope abundance and mean population density increased from SL (18, 2.3) to SW (80, 10) and were higher in dry (70, 8.8) than wet (56, 7.0) season. Antelopes, highest D (0.7) and H’ (1.6) were in SW, while least were in SL (D= 0.6, H’= 1.2). The savannah woodland favoured the antelopes and had influence on their abundance and diversity. Antelope species were almost not found in other habitats due to human activities within the park. The anthropogenic activities are fast entering into the core area of the park. Hence, the park management should take strategic measures to curb this fast-rising challenges
Improving pupils’ achievement in fraction using inquiry-based instructional strategy enriched with origami activities
Get PDFThis study determined the effects of inquiry-based instructional strategy enriched with origami activities and the moderating effect of gender on pupils’ achievement in fraction in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design using a 2x2 factorial matrix. The sample group consisted of 55 boys and 33 girls from two randomly selected public primary schools. Two intact classes were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments used were pupils’ achievement test in fraction and teachers’ instructional guides. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance, as well as estimated marginal mean. Treatment had a significant main effect on pupils’ achievement in fraction and there was no significant main effect on gender. Treatment and gender had no significant interaction effect on pupils’ achievement. It was recommended that mathematics teacher should adopt inquiry-based instructional strategy enriched with origami activities