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Stress and coping strategies among relatives of mentally ill in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria
No full textMental illness of an individual does not just affect the patient, it may also be seen as a problem of the whole family. As primary care givers, families suffer from stress factors such as financial burdens, the neglect of other sibling and the interruption of the family routines. This work investigates the stress factors and coping strategies adopted by relatives of people living with mental illness in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design involving 300 relatives of mentally ill individuals seen at the psychiatric unit of Ring Road State hospital, Ibadan. A purposive sampling was used to elicit information from respondents. Among other findings, it found that 59% of respondents were children of the mentally ill patients and 43% indicated that the emotional stress was the major stressor identified and creation of humour (29%) was the major coping strategy employed by the relatives. Furthermore, there were significant relationship between stressors, coping strategies and gender of the caregivers. The study recommends that the government health care providers and policy makers should organize public enlightenment programmes on mental health education. Health care providers should educate family members of mentally ill so as to enable them cope with stressors
Appraising the level of competence, awareness and readiness of students in using ICT for learning in a distance learning environment
No full textIn Nigeria and some other countries of the world, improving students’ ICT competency and awareness has become a pedagogical issue. Accordingly, education on ICT competency and awareness is becoming popular in institutions of learning. However, determining a student’s ICT readiness, awareness and competency level is germane to the success of teaching and learning using ICT tools. Consequently, this study has developed tools for measuring the level of students’ ICT competency, awareness and readiness in learning. This research is necessary because using ICT for instruction has gained remarkable popularity in recent times. Nigeria is not left out in this euphoria of using ICT for instruction. The major focus of this paper is to investigate the level of awareness, readiness and competencies for the use of ICT for instruction by Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan distance learning students. Distance learning programmes and the use of ICT for its facilitation and enhancement is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria, hence the need to measure the level of compliance of students in order to aid the institution under study to make policies that would help in achieving the goals of using ICT for instruction and learning. A questionnaire was randomly distributed among the distance learning students of the faculty and results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents have little or no knowledge of application of ICT to learning. The study also revealed that a great percentage of students were not exposed to the usage of ICT and as such limited in its use in learning. It is recommended that the Curriculum should include the use of ICT as a course from the first year to the final year of study, the course content should include advance skills as from the second year; and it should be made compulsory to enhance the students’ ICT skills
National Character and the Narrative of Self-Image in Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom and Obasanjo’s My Watch.
No full textBuilding on the view of biographical writing as a cultural practice and expression, this article adopts identity and narrative theories to discuss the interconnection between national character and identity construction in political autobiographies. It used Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom [LWF] (1994) and Obasanjo’s My Watch [MW] (2014) as primary texts. It identifies prejudice against black South Africans as the national character in LWF and postcolonial political disillusionment in Nigeria as that of MW. It further demonstrates how the personalities of Mandela and Obasanjo are rooted in role-based identity and the respective saliences that activate this identity type. Additionally, it discusses the modes of narration in the two texts. The article concludes that national character is a socio-cultural and psychological indicator that influences identity construction in political autobiographies
A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textAdulteration of petroleum products with the resultant safety, health, environmental and economic impact on the end-users is a challenge in Nigeria and many developing countries. The current commonly used techniques by regulatory agencies and some end-users for quality assurance of the petroleum products are time-consuming and expensive. The development and use of real-time adulterated petroleum products detector in Nigeria will therefore alleviate these problems. This study was therefore designed to develop a device for real-time detection of petroleum products adulterated with liquid and particulate contaminants. Pure samples of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas oil (AGO) and Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) were collected from some major petroleum products marketers. Samples of distilled water, naphtha, commercial ethanol, pure and used commercial lubricating oil, and High Pour Fuel Oil (HPFO) were also obtained and used as liquid contaminants; while sawdust, ash and fine-grain sand were used as solid particulates. At temperatures 23:1:28oC, binary mixtures of the products mixed with liquid contaminants were prepared (100:0, 95:5, 85:15, 75:25, 70:30, 65:35 … 15:85, 5:95,0:100 v/v). Likewise, a fixed volume of pure petroleum products was mixed with varying quantity of solid particulates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 g). The specific Gravity (SG) and Interfacial Tension (IFT) of the pure samples, binary mixtures were determined according to ASTM D1298 and D971 standards, respectively. These physiochemical properties (SG and IFT) of pure and contaminated fuel samples were used to develop a mathematical model. The model was then simulated into a microcontroller-based detector. A microcontroller of PIC16f876 microchip with multiple input/output pins and a load cell sensor with real-time response was used. The microcontroller takes the reading of the weight of liquid from the sensor to get the SG and IFT of the liquid in real-time. Values of SG and IFT of pure and contaminated samples of petroleum products were obtained using the developed adulteration detector and compared with laboratory measurements and those obtained using Kay’s mixing rule. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α 0.05. The SG and IFT (dynes/cm) of the pure samples were (PMS) 0.833, 47.0; (AGO) 0.812, 28.0; (DPK) 0.803, 25.0, for liquid contaminants ranged from (PMS) 0.853-0.890, 44.6-25.0; (AGO) 0.807-0.804, 46.2-29.5; (DPK) 0.811-0.947, 46.4-38.0 and for solid contaminants ranged from (PMS) 0.887-0.910, 47.8-27.2; (AGO) 0.884-0.887, 29.2-30.0; (DPK) 0.817-0.857, 25.8-32.8, respectively. The SG and IFT from Kay’s mixing rule ranged from (PMS) 0.851-0.900, 48.4-25.6; (AGO) 0.850-0.871, 40.1-35.4; (DPK) 0.864-0.881, 42.4-36.4, respectively. Adulteration of products was detected at 20.0-30.0% by volume and 10.0-20.0% by mass of contamination, respectively. The designed adulteration detector responded to the sample in real-time of 3-5s, displayed GREEN and RED for pure and adulterated samples, respectively, with their numerical SG values within ±0.01% of actual measurements. There was no significant difference between the actual and detected SG and IFT of the adulterated samples. A device that detects petroleum products adulteration in real-time and ambient temperature was developed. The method can be adapted to real-time evaluation of similar binary mixtures
Edaphic factors and soil organic carbon storage potentials under different land use types in omo biosphere reserves Nigeria
No full textThe regulatory functions of the soil are getting attention among scientists and Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is an important indicator of soil health. A study was carried out to investigate the SOC storage potentials under different land use types (Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Acacia siamea, Pinus carrribea, and Natural forest) in Omo Biosphere Reserves Nigeria. The impact of the five important land use types on SOC and other soil properties were analyzed. Soil core samples were taken at two depths (0-10 and 10-30cm) to observe the changes in soil properties with depth. Laboratory analyses were carried out to determine the bulk density, soil pH, soil moisture, and soil organic carbon. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine the relationship between the soil parameters. Correlation analysis was carried out to examine if a relationship exists between soil depth and different land use on soil organic content and all other soil properties. The result showed that at both depths there is no significant difference between depths in pH, soil organic carbon, and soil moisture except for bulk density. Total Soil Organic Carbon stored in soil was highest in Teak plantation (3.1), followed by Acacia (2.17), and Natural forest (0.92), and at depth SOC was high in 0 10cm depth. The maximum value of bulk density (gcm3) was found high in 0-10cm at depth and was found high in Teak plantation (1.68) followed by Pinus plantation (1.67) and Acacia plantation (1.53). The distribution of moisture content showed no significant difference but the highest moisture was stored in Natural forest plantation (39.04), followed by Teak plantation (34) and Gmelina plantation (20), and the lowest in Pinus carribea plantation (10). Moisture content across depth showed that 0-10cm depth stored the highest but the 10-30cm depth () had the highest pH. Among the land use types, Teak plantation (5.84) had the highest pH, followed by Gmelina plantation (5.4) and Natural forest plantation (5.23). Results showed that SOC storage in soils can be influenced by different land use systems
Isolation of pathogenic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from mobile phones in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFThe health implications of mobile phones emission have been a matter of concern to health practitioners for decades but little or no attention has been given to the mobile phones as potential fomites for pathogens. This study isolated and characterised methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on mobile phones of students in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of mobile phones of students in a cross-sectional study conducted between July and August, 2019. Presumptive staphylococci were isolated on mannitol salt agar and identities were confirmed by standard biochemical test and Gram-staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc-diffusion method and mecA or mecALGA251, tsst-1, eta and etb genes screened by PCR technique. Among the 200 presumptive S. aureus isolated, 163 (81.5%) were confirmed as S. aureus exhibiting resistance to ofloxacin (1.8%), gentamicin (3.7%), ceftriaxone (29.4%), ceftazidime (57.7%), cefoxitin (61.3%), cefuroxime (64.4%), erythromycin (85.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (86.5%) and cloxacillin (92%). Proportion of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were 61.3% and 38.7% respectively with significant difference in their level of antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporins (excluding ceftriaxone), penicillins, erythromycin and ofloxacin (p<0.05). All the MRSA strains were multidrug resistant (MDR) harbouring mecA or mecALGA251 (56.3%), tsst-1 (56.3%), etb (31.3%) and eta (12.5%) genes. This study detected a high proportion of methicillin-resistant, virulent S. aureus as fomites on surfaces of mobile phones among students of a tertiary institution. This is of public health concern and thus requires strong public education to avoid imminent spread and outbreaks
Vocabulary and reasoning abilities as correlates of secondary school students’ achievement in Yoruba esssay writing in Osun State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined vocabulary and reasoning abilities as correlates of secondary school students ’ achievement in Yoruba essay writing in Osun State, Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto design of survey research type. The target population for the study comprised public and private senior secondary school II students. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four hundred students from ten secondary schools. The three instruments used for data collection are: Vocabulary Ability Test (r=0.82'), Reasoning Ability Test (r=0.89) and Yoruba Essay Writing Achievement Test (r=0.87). The study data was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation and Multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study revealed that the independent variables (vocabulary ability, reasoning ability) jointly predicted students' achievement in Yoruba essay writing (F(2,297) = 7.968; p0.05). The study recommended that vocabulary and reasoning abilities of the students should be given attention to by the teachers and parents, through thought-provoking ideas and questions. Schools should also encourage their students to participate in essay writing competitions organized within and outside the school premise
Iwògbè ọkàn (self-conscience): a philosophical appraisal of human behaviors as viewed by òfún méji in ifá divination system
Get PDFIQRA JOURNAL: Theological and Religious Studies 2(4), pp. 50-61Humanity has grappled with different kinds of problems since antiquity ranging from natural disasters, sicknesses and diseases, famines and all sorts of problems. Unfortunately, a sizeable portion of human problems originates from fellow human beings, wars, civil unrests, frauds, corruption, rape and all sorts of evils. Nigeria, like other third world nation is bedeviled by its own array of problems given by its multi-religious and multi-cultural nature also made worse by the problem of bad leadership and mismanagement of public funds. The past decade has witnessed an unusual spike in killings and kidnapping, particularly in the menace of the Boko-Haram, Fulani herdsmen, other forms of insecurity, bad governance and blatant disregard for the rule of law. Nigeria is no doubt a religious nation. This realization makes it necessary to wonder if the populace especially the ruling class is still in possession of the individual guiding voice, judge or judgment known as conscience. Traditionally, philosophers, theologians and scientists view conscience as a unified faculty, from different perspectives, evidently this kind of conception is laden with tautologies because of the pluralistic and the subjective nature of the concept. This paper however, appraised the current realities in Nigeria especially in the area of human behaviours using the epistemic function of Iwògbè Ọkàn (self-conscience) as a philosophical tool through Òfún Méjì of the Ifá Divination System. This was done with a view to re-examining the issue of the degradation in human behaviours in order to know where Nigerians, using the Yorùbá of South-western Nigeria as a case study actually got it wrong. The study discovered that degradation in human behaviours in the contemporary Nigeria shows that the populace in spite of their obvious religiosity got it wrong because Ìwògbè Ọkàn is either lost or broken in the society. It is imperative therefore that Nigerians should make reexamination of themselves at the personal level a priority. The same way personal adjustments are made to appearance when a mirror is looked at, Ìwògbè Ọkàn should lead to changes at the individual and national level
Modeling The Tensile Strength Of Concrete With Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Waste As Replacement For Fine Aggregate Using Artificial Neural Network
No full textTensile strength of concrete made with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as replacement for fine aggregate was modelled using artificial neural network. A multilayer feedforward neural network (MLFFNN) and radial basis function (RBF) methodology were compared to see which was more accurate. The MLFFNN modelling results showed a predictive accuracy of 95.364% and a root mean square error value of 4.4409 × 10-16 while RBF neural network modeling results showed a higher predictive accuracy (99.509%) with a lower root mean square error value (1.6653 × 10-16). It is concluded that ANN models accurately predicted the tensile strength of PET concrete