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Effect of utilising different concentrations of food grade vinegar as preservative on the quality of beef
Get PDFThe influence of different concentrations of food grade vinegar as preservative on beef quality was evaluated in this study. Five levels of vinegar concentrations were tested and each constituted a treatment viz: T0 = (control) Freezer, T1 = 5%, T2 = 4%, T3 = 3%, T4 = 2%, and T5 = 1%. 1.5kg beef was purchased, chilled at 4oC for 24 hours, and apportioned to 6 parts of 250g per treatment. Beef samples were injected with vinegar (25 ml) in each treatment using a hypodermic needle and syringe and were immersed in same concentration in plastic containers and preserved for 14 days. The results indicated that vinegar concentrations significantly (p<0.05) affected beef quality fac-tors especially beef in T3 (3%) which furnished lower values of detrimental physical factors; cooking loss (12.23), thermal shortening (5.20) and drip loss (10.40), lipid oxidation mPV (0.11), TBA (0.22), microbial load TVC (4.60), TCC (3.29), TFC (2.38) and TAC (3.43) relative to other levels of vinegar concentrations. The same treatment (T3) elicited higher, cooking yield (87.77), raw meat colour (6.00), protein (20.47), flavour (6.70), texture (6.87) and overall acceptability (7.67) in comparison with other treatments of vinegar. It was recommended therefore; 3% vinegar could be utilized to preserve beef since it enlisted high shelf-life quality factors and acceptability
Tree species coexistence and diversity on elevation gradient of elephant camp natural forest, Nigeria
Get PDFSpatial species diversity and size inequality contribute to maintenance of tree species diversity in tropical forests. Coexistence of tree species requires interactions within and between spatial species and size diversity. However, elevation gradient has significant impact on growth and species interactions. Failure of most conservation efforts is due to inability to identify and maintain coexistence mechanisms existing in the forest. Understanding the contribution of elevation gradient to coexistence of tree species will improve conservation efforts and terrestrial carbon budgeting. Therefore, association between tree diversity and size inequality on elevation gradient of Elephant Camp Natural Forest was investigated. Eight (30m x 30m) plots were systematically demarcated on 1km line transects in each identified elevation (Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands). Trees diameter-at-breast height (dbh) were enumerated and identified to species level. Tree dbh was measured and density estimated. Tree species diversity (Shannon-Weiner, Simpson and Margalef indices) and size inequality (Gini coefficient, skewness and Coefficient of variation) were computed. Stem volume and biomass were computed and converted to biomass carbon. Data collected were analysed using descriptive, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Tree density varied from 435/ha to 767/ha. There was positive correlation between Skewness and Gini coefficient in Hilltop stand and negative correlation between Skewness and Simpson index in Valley-Bottom stand. The measures of tree size inequality and species diversity were strongly associated with each other in Valley-Bottom stand and not in Hilltop stand. Structural diversity and species diversity determined the competitive interaction among tree communities in Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands, respectively
Organ trafficking: an emerging dimension of illegal trafficking in Nigeria and sub- saharan Africa
No full textIn the last decade, organ trafficking has become one of the ‘booming’ illegal businesses in Nigeria. An array of transnational syndicate is reportedly, responsible for the traffic of illegally harvested human organ across sub-Saharan Africa to the coast of Asia, with India and China identified as top destinations. In 2020, there were reports on popular markets for clandestine sale of human organs in cosmopolitan cities such as Lagos, in Nigeria where, human organs are sold for sums ranging between 3000 US Dollars. There are alleged reports of organ harvesting and export via human trafficking. With increasing reports on the spate of banditry, kidnappings, general insecurity and missing persons in Nigeria, it is imperative to examine this dimension of criminality and the possible legal solutions. While Nigeria has legislation against human trafficking such as the Trafficking in Persons Law Enforcement and Administration Act 2015 and a specialised agency for human trafficking National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP), Nigeria is only waking up to the sad reality of this dimension of illegal trafficking and has no specific legislation in place to tackle it. This paper examines the legal framework on human trafficking in Nigeria against this backdrop. It adopts a doctrinal and desktop legal research approach in analysing the existing laws on human trafficking and the emerging dimensions of organ trafficking. It considers Nigeria’s legal obligations against the emerging dimensions of illicit organ trade. It proposes a more proactive approach to the subject of organ trafficking in addressing organ trafficking in Nigeria
Women and the breadwinning roles: the place of entrepreneur education
No full textMen's major function in most African communities, Nigeria being no exception, is being the breadwinners for the family. Nonetheless, as more women obtain education and join paid employment, and as some men lose jobs, conventional breadwinning roles are challenged and, in some cases, inverted, thereby making an increasing percentage of women family breadwinners. Women breadwinners may have an impact on family stability since they challenge established normative gender order in Nigerian patriarchal society. Now that more women are entering breadwinning positions unprepared for, with the majority lacking formal education and training, there is a need for each woman to develop a conscious and purposeful strategy to ensure that she is able to fit in correctly in the breadwinning role status. As a result, there is a need for entrepreneurial education for women. Furthermore, entrepreneurship is a deliberate endeavor aimed at beginning, developing, inventing, and mainstreaming economic activity for the generation and distribution of wealth. As a result, women's entrepreneurship development might be viewed as a feasible path to economic emancipation. A woman entrepreneur is more economically powerful than a worker since ownership, not only imparts control over assets but also allows her to make decisions. As a result, this article investigates women and their breadwinning duties, as well as encouraging women to sustain the Nigerian economy through entrepreneurial education. As a result, this article investigates women and their breadwinning duties, as well as encouraging women to sustain the Nigerian economy through entrepreneurial education
Factors predicting participation in skill acquisition training programme and skill development in Ibadan metropolis of Southwestern Nigeria
No full textBackground. Vocational skill acquisition constitutes an important component of the educational process of training both young and old adults including out-of-school children. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which vocational skill acquisition training programme impacted the lives of beneficiaries taking into consideration the influence of socio-cultural and environmental factors on peoples’ participation in vocational skill acquisition training programmes in Ibadan Metropolis of Southwestern Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 learners aged 11–50 years with at least two years of learning experience. Data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and chi-square analysis. Results. The results indicate that the majority of participants 41.3% (n=83) possesses National Diploma were unemployed youth graduates while 27.4% (n=55) possesses secondary education were out-of-school youth. A significant proportion of the age group 21 to 30 years constitutes the largest 65.7% (n=132) participated in vocational skill acquisition training programmes. The three socio-cultural important factors predicting peoples’ participation in skill acquisition training were cultural value system, social networks (family, friends and relatives) and customs and tradition disposition to vocational training programme. Again, the results also revealed that the three main environmental factors that influence learners’ participation in skill acquisition training were home environment (location of the training centres), society success stories on vocational skill acquisition and overemphasizing on skill acquisition to complement formal schooling. The main challenges facing learners to engage in vocation skill acquisition training programme were lack of motivation from the society, lack of modern machines and tools to work with after graduation, limited availability of industries for employment after graduation, limited opportunities for establishment after graduation and poor government policies on vocational skill acquisition programme. Conclusions. The out-of-school youths and unemployed youth graduates who participated in the study are willingly enrolled in vocational skill acquisition training programme based on the socio-cultural and environmental factors with the intention to acquired one skill or the other to be self-reliance. Having identified the importance of socio-cultural and environmental factors on peoples’ participation in vocational skill acquisition training programme will enable government put into consideration these factors in planning, organizing and implementing their vocational skill acquisition training programme in order to achieve desirable results on the citizenries. However, there are critical perceived barriers that need to be addressed, to enable more out-of-school youths and unemployed youth graduates with the desire to participate in vocational skill acquisition training programme to reduce unemployment rate in the country
Teaching mathematics for entrepreneurship skills: evidence-based research from Nigeria
No full textIn: Karadal, H., Ekiz, E., Saygin, M., and Dincer, E. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Entrepreneurship Social Sciences Congress, held at Tashkent, Uzbekistan, between 20th-22nd June, pp. 197-206Mathematics, if well taught can encouraged self-reliance and enable individual to learn to solve his/her personal problems which can translate to solving problems on entrepreneurship activities thereby enhancing entrepreneurship skills. The paper explored the potential of what or the place of mathematics in entrepreneurship skills of individual when learning mathematics which resulted to promotion of lifelong learning. Thirty-six secondary school students were involved in the study using iterative design where investigator and their mathematics teachers planned together, implemented and evaluated an embedded-entrepreneurship mathematics lessons. The study also evaluated the possible outcomes of iteration. The results revealed high level of skillful abilities on the part of students after the forth iteration. This showed a positive combination of win-win combination of mathematics and entrepreneur. Therefore, entrepreneur skills could be a valuable activities to students when teaching and learning of mathematics is tailored to develop both mathematical and entrepreneurship skills in students as echoed in the National Policy on Education
Corrosion protection by novel conversion coatings on structural AI 6061
No full textChromate conversion coatings have witnessed limited acceptability in recent times. The coatings contain Cr (VI) species that have been classified as environmental hazards and injurious to human. Thus, the use of environment-friendly and non-carcinigenic novel inorganic- inorganic hybrid conversion coatings are being explored. Vanadate (VCC), hybrid Vanadate/Molydate (HCC) conversion coatings on A16061 have been classified in terms of corrosion and adhesion performance with reference to the untreated alloy. Natural exposure tests in the atmosphere and stanant near-neutral 3.5% sodium chloride solution, as well as patentio-dynamic polarization measurements showed that the corrosion rate for HCC is lower for Vanadate, which in turn outclassed the ‘bare’ alloy. However, clusters of passive incipient pits were revealed on the former after 120 h of exposure in stagnant chloride solution. Both conversion coatings outperformed the untreated aluminiun alloy after atmospheric corrosion and adhesion tests
Socio-economic factors as determinants of employees’ commitment in a selected organization in Ibadan
No full textThe commitment of employees in an Organization is very important especially in Service providing public Organization. Despite various studies on the determinants of employees' commitment, little studies have examined the influence of socio-economic factors on employees' commitment. This study therefore, investigates employees' educational qualification and income on commitment in a selected Organization in Ibadan. The study adopted descriptive design with multi-stage sampling techniques. About 250 employees were selected into the study, their ages ranged between 20 and 59years, mean of 41.7 white Standard deviation of 8.27. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The result showed that educational qualification significantly influenced employee's commitment (F[5,249] =3.05;P.05) on employees' commitment. Therefore, employees with primary school certificates contributed to the significance of educational qualification on employees' commitment. More so, income significantly predicts employee commitment (R2=.14, R=.38; ß=.38; F (1,248) = 41.75; P<.01). The income of employees accounted for 14% variance that occurred in employees' commitment. The study concluded that income of the employees including their bonus, allowances and other benefits should be closely paid attention to, while considering educational qualification of the employees especially when recruiting and allocating employees into job unit
Biofeedback technology for stress management and self-regulation of athletes
No full textWith present technological advancement, the construct of stress management and self- regulation has received a new approach as this affects both psychological and physiological indices of athletes during training, competition, injury recovery and psychological wellbeing. The thought of biofeedback technology that makes use of instruments (electronic devices with electrodes and sensors) to assess, monitor, and feed psycho physiological information back to a person which is gaining recognition is to build a more complete tool to improve athlete’s performance and psychological wellbeing rather than replacing the traditional PST. In this perspective, the paper examined brief historical background of biofeedback in sports, meaning of biofeedback and biofeedback training, biofeedback modalities, stress management, self-regulation, biofeedback technology for stress management and self-regulation, two training models of Wingate 5-Step Approach (W5SA) and the Learning-Modification- Application (LMA) Approach. The author suggested that, sport scientists, sport psychologists and coaches could adopt biofeedback technology as a means to manage competitive stress and improve athlete’s self-regulation for great performance and optimal Healt
War narratives, survivalism and trauma in Uzodinma Iweala's beast of no nation and Ishmael Beah's a long hay gone
No full textIn recent history, African writers and literary scholars have become pre-occupied with the discourse of war, violence and trauma in their creative and critical engagements. The themes of violent deaths, social angst and widespread disillusionment that presently characterize African society remain at the front burner of contemporary African discourse. This study, therefore, examines the socio-historical contexts of war narrative, survivalism and trauma in Uzodinma Iweala's Beast of No Nation and Ishmael Beah's A Long Way Gone Several critics have largely focused on thematic preoccupations such as death, violence, child soldiering, loss of identity, slaughter of innocence and even trauma, but little attention has been paid to the motif of survivalism and trauma in these war narratives, complemented by the exploration of post-traumatic stress techniques. Cathy Caruth's concept of trauma, complemented by Judith Herman's notion of trauma and recovery\ serves as theoretical framework of this paper Using the qualitative research as methodology, the paper critically explores the motif of survivalism vis-a-vis the experiences of victims of war and the postwar realities that these narratives tell, with the view to redefining human perception of war and its aftermath