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The socio economic implications of ethno-religious conflict in Nigeria
Get PDFEthno-religious conflict and its attendant implications have become the Order of the day in Nigeria and its economic effects on the nation over the years are mindboggling. Many houses and means of livelihood destroyed resulting in poverty among many families. Existing studies on ethno-religious conflict have focused mainly on the political, spiritual and ethnic dimensions to the neglect of how it has impacted negatively on the economic development of the nation, thereby making the country to take a backseat among the comity of nations. Ironically, as religion could be used as instrument of social harmony in many civilizations, it could also serve as a motivation for conflict, hence its description as a double edged sword. Our findings revealed that bad governance, marginalization/inequality, weak security network and corruption are the major factors that precipitated ethno-religious conflict in Nigeria. It is on this note that this paper discussed the socio-economic implications of ethno-religious conflict on Nigeria. In particular, the paper investigated the genesis of ethno-religious conflict in Nigeria, its causes and effects and how the incessant ethno-religious conflict can be addressed headlong thereby bringing about a peaceful co-existence among the people which will invariably result in monumental development in the nation
Local and transnational identity, positionality and knowledge production in Africa and the African diaspora
No full textHow does shared identity between researcher and the researched influence trust-building for data generation and knowledge production? We reflect on this question based on two separate studies conducted by African-based researchers in sociology and political science in Nigeria. We advanced two interrelated positions. The first underscores the limits of national belonging as shorthand for insiderness, while the second argues that when shared national/group identity is tensioned other intersecting positions and relations take prominence. We also show that the researched challenge and resist unequal power relations through interview refusal or by evading issues that the researcher considers important, but the participant perceives as intrusive. We shed light on the vagaries, overlaps, and similarities in the dynamics of belonging and positionality in researching Africans in and outside Africa as home-based researchers. Our contribution advances the understanding of field dynamics in the production of local and cross-border knowledge on Africa/Africans
Beers criteria and potentially inappropriate medications in elderly: awareness, practice, knowledge and barriers among community pharmacists in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Potential inappropriate medications (PIMs) used in the elderly are an avoidable source of disease and death. Beers Criteria is among the commonly used measures that document PIMs. Community pharmacists’ knowl edge on PIMs and existing criteria are essential to moderate the use of PIMs which would enhance overall health outcomes and costs. This study investigates awareness, knowledge, practice, and barriers of PIMs among community pharmacists in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 109 community pharmacists with the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Nine clinical vignettes based on the 2019 Beers Criteria were used to evaluate PIMs knowledge. Prac tice behavior regarding elderly clients was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale with six items. Data were summa rized by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Respondents who knew guidelines that listed specifc PIMs were (49; 47.1%), and of these, (21; 42.9%) were aware of Beers Criteria. From all the respondents, only 45 (41.3%) demonstrated good knowledge of Beers Criteria, while 82 (75.2%) narrated good practice when dealing with elderly clients in terms of asking suitable questions and contemplating their ages while dispensing medications. Major barrier identifed was lack of knowledge of Beers Crite ria (80; 73.4%). Pharmacists who were aware of Beers Criteria statistically had better knowledge than others (p=0.003). Conclusion: Beers Criteria awareness among community pharmacists is sub-optimal in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although practice when dealing with elderly customers was satisfactory, the knowledge was unsatisfactory. This underscores the need to intensify the awareness and use of guidelines that document specifc PIMs such as Beers Criteria among community pharmacists
The Subgroups for the Finite p-Group of the Structure D24 x C25
Get PDFEvery finite p-group is nilpotent. The nilpotence property is an hereditary one. Thus, every finite p-group possesses certain remarkable characteristics. Efforts are carefully being intensified to calculate, in this paper, the explicit formulae for the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups of the cartesian product of the dihedral group of order with a cyclic group of order of an m power of two for, which
Combined reusing of sorghum husk ash and recycled concrete aggregate for sustainable pervious concrete production
Get PDFThe huge amounts of natural resources and high level of energy consumption in concrete production necessitate the use of agricultural and demolition wastes as alternative construction materials. The present study explores pervious concrete (PC) that includes sorghum husk ash (SHA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as alternatives to cement and natural aggregate (NA) in standard PC mixtures. PCs were prepared from mixtures derived from replacement levels 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of cement with SHA and 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of NA with RCA. The density, compressive strength and hydraulic properties (void ratio and hydraulic conductivity) of the samples were determined at 28-day using ACI standards. Sustainability efficiency of incorporating SHA and RCA on PC was also investigated using structural efficiency and carbon dioxide (CO2)
emission. Their cost effectiveness was equally examined. Results revealed that densities of PC decreased with increase in SHA and RCA amount. Compressive strength and structural efficiency reduced with increase in SHA except at 5% where they were higher than the control. On the other hand, the incorporation of RCA decreased the compressive strength but improved the PC hydraulic properties. CO2 emission and production cost were found reduced with increase in SHA as well as RCA. The maximum reduction of CO2 emission (38.23%) and
production cost (51.29%) were obtained when 25% SHA was combined with 100% RCA. The combined usage of SHA and RCA as raw materials in PC was found to be effective in boosting PC’s hydraulic properties at an appropriate compressive strength. The reduction of CO2 discharge and in production cost attributed to the construction materials demonstrates their impacts on mitigating global warming problems and lowering costs of
PC production
Multivariate characterisation of morpho biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study was conducted to characterise phenotypically helmeted Guinea fowls in threeagro-ecologies in Nigeria using multivariate approach. Eighteen biometric characters, fou rmorphological indices and eleven qualitative physical traits were investigated in a total of 569 adult birds (158 males and 411 females). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric Krus kal–Wallis H test followed by the Mann–Whitney and Dunn-Bonferroni tests for post hoc, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), Univariate Analysis, Canonical Discriminant Analysis, Categorical Principal Component Analysis and Decision Trees were employed to discern the effects of agro-ecological zone and sex on the morphostructural parameters. Agro-ecology had significant effect (P<0.05; P<0.01) on all the colour traits. In general, the most frequently observed colour phenotype of Guinea fowl had pearl plumage colour (54.0%), pale red skin colour (94.2%), black shank colour (68.7%), brown eye colour (49.7%), white earlobe colour (54.8%) and brown helmet colour (72.6%). The frequencies of helmet shape and wattle size were significantly influenced (P<0.01) by agro-ecology and sex. Overall, birds from the Southern Guinea Savanna zone had significantly higher values (P<0.05) for most biometric traits compared to their Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainfor est counterparts. They were also more compact (120.00 vs. 110.00 vs. 107.69) but had lesser condition index (7.66 vs. 9.45 vs. 9.30) and lower long-leggedness (19.71 vs. 19.23 vs. 9.51) than their counterparts from the two other zones. Sexual dimorphism (P<0.05) was in favour of male birds especially those in Southern Guinea Savanna and Sudano-Sahelian zones. However, the MCA and discriminant analysis revealed considerable intermingling of the qualitative physical traits, biometric traits and body indices especially between the Sudano-Sahelian and Tropical Rainforest birds. In spite of the high level of genetic admixture, the Guinea fowl populations could to a relative extent be distinguished using wing length, body length and eye colour. Generally, the birds from the three zones appeared to be more homogeneous than heterogeneous in nature. However, further complementary work on genomics will guide future selection and breeding programs geared towards improving the productivity, survival and environmental adaptation of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowls in the tropics
A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING, SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL OF FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Get PDFNanofluid flooding in the petroleum industry has generated growing interest because of its potential to greatly improve oil recovery. However, studies have reported that injection of nanofluid could lead to impaired permeability due to adsorption of nanoparticles on reservoir rocks thereby incurring high costs. The use of single Nanofluid Flooding (NF) has not appreciably reduced permeability impairment. This study was therefore, designed to investigate the technical and economic viability of Nanofluid-Alternating-Brine Flooding (NABF) for enhanced oil recovery in Niger Delta reservoirs. Eight sandstone core samples obtained from Niger Delta, were characterised for porosity and permeability using Helium-Porosimeter and Permeameter, respectively. Densities and viscosities of crude oil samples and brine (Salinity: 32.2g/L) were determined using pycnometer and viscometer, respectively. Core samples were initially saturated with brine and drained with crude oil, to determine the initial Water Saturation (SWi). Silica nanoparticles of size: 20-70 nm, were dispersed in brine at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 3.00 wt%. Interfacial Tensions (IFT) between oil and nanofluids were measured. Brine Flooding (BF) of core samples was conducted at 2.00 cm3 /min. The Optimum Concentration (OC) and Optimum Injection Rate (OIR) during NF were determined by injecting each nanofluid concentration at 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 cm3 /min. The NABF was carried out at OC and OIR. The Oil Recovery Factors (ORF) for all experiments were computed using material balance. The images of pre-flooded and post-flooded core samples were obtained using Scanning Electron Microscope. Nanoskin factors (Sn) were determined for NF and NABF and compared with the analytical model developed from Darcy’s equation. The ORFobtained were upscaled for field application and evaluated for Threshold Oil Price (TOP). Risk analysis with varying ORF, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operating Expenses (OPEX) was carried out using a commercial software. Data were analysed using ANOVA at 0.05. Porosity and liquid permeability for the samples were 17.0-30.0% and 1.1x10-8 -1.6x10-8 cm2 (1104.9-1584.0 md), respectively. The densities of crude oil and brine were 0.88 and 1.02 g/cm3 , while their viscosities were 3.0x10-4 kgms-2 (3.0 cp) and 1.0x10-4 kgms-2 (1.0 viii cp), respectively. The SWi were 11.0-18.4%. The IFT were 1.9x10-2 -2.3x10-2 N/m (18.5- 23.0 dynes/cm) while the OC and OIR for NF were 2.00 wt % and 2.00 cm3 /min, respectively. The ORF for BF, NF and NABF were 68.9-73.1, 63.8-66.2 and 83.8-86.2%, respectively. The pre-flooded cores had evenly distributed grain matrices void of external particles while permeability impairment was observed for NF. Permeability impairment reversal was observed during NABF. The predictive model for Sn agreed with the experimental result. Economic analysis revealed that for unit CAPEX (N13,985.56/bbl; 4.54/bbl), at discount rate of 10.0%, TOP was N20,196.79/bbl (30.50/bbl), respectively. The order of impact of the economic variables on profitability was ORF>CAPEX>OPEX. Improved oil recovery in Niger Delta reservoirs was achieved using nano-alternating-brine flooding with minimal permeability impairment. The method is also profitable within the stipulated oil price regime
Entrepreneurship education and self-sustenance among National Youth Service Corps members in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFIn: Karadal, H., Ekiz, E., Saygin, M., and Dincer, E. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Entrepreneurship Social Sciences Congress, held at Tashkent, Uzbekistan, between 20th-22nd June, pp. 202-206The unemployment is at alarming rate in Nigeria especially among the graduates and the youth, despite the country’s huge natural resources. However, the endemic is not peculiar to Nigeria alone, but almost all Sub-Sahara African states. It is indeed a long-standing global issue. This study therefore, advocated for a refocused educational system towards the acquisition of vocational, technical and entrepreneur skills to enhance business ideas among graduates, particularly university learners called corps members in Nigeria. Human Capital Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur Event theories guided the study. The study adopted the mixed-method design. Two hundred and sixty two National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members posted to Ibadan, Oyo state in 2019 were selected purposively for the study based on their willingness and consent to participate. Eight resource persons who were doing well and employer of labours in diverse fields were enlisted to give talks on skill acquisition, idea generation, creativity and innovation and entrepreneurship intention. A reliable and validated questionnaire on skill acquisition, ideas generation, creativity and innovation and entrepreneurship intention were pretested and post tested to collect information from corps members before and after training by the resource persons. The training lasted eight weeks, two weeks each for resource person. The study was complemented with 24 corps members for focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and Cochran C test at 0.05 level of significance, while the qualitative data were content-analysed. Skills acquisition (2.13±0.65; 2.75±0.95), business idea generation (2.42±0.71; 2.75±0.85, creativity and innovation (2.65±0.86; 3.05±0.97) and entrepreneurship intention (2.35±0.46; 2.65±0.69) before and after training were high as against the threshold of 2.50. Entrepreneurship education enhanced youth self-sustenance among service corps members in Ibadan, Nigeria through skills acquisition, business idea generation, creativity and innovation and entrepreneurship intention
Retrieving, Translating, and Archiving Hubert Ogunde’s Aye
Get PDFAs the rapid evolution into a globalised community progresses, translation across languages becomes a major tool of cross cultural and transnational negotiation. This study is conceived more as a translation of the libretto of Hubert Ogunde’s Ay for archival and literary purposes. This is with the understanding that as the contemporary world continues to move centripetally towards globalisation, translation across languages becomes more important than ever. The significance of Hubert Ogunde’s works as precursor to the Nigerian Operatic Alarinjo (Travelling) theatre can only be preserved in translated forms that makes the performance texts retrievable. This paper is divided into four parts : an introduction to the opera of the Alarinjo School,a synopsis of the opera, an inclusion of a picture of the translator with Hubert Ogunde’s statue standing before the drum he played in his life time, a sequential arrangement of the full music of the opera as produced by Hubert Ogunde in his earliest performance of the opera on stage and the translation of the full music of the opera by this author - Adedoyin Aguoru.Hubert Ogunde’s theory, art and performance defined the earliest professional theatrical movement in Nigeria. The preservation of this national theatrical form through translations and storing it in a retrievable format will enhance the preservation of this national treasure
Assessment of the roles of librarians in altmetrics: evidence from two Nigerian universities
No full textThis study assessed the roles of librarians in altmetric with evidence from two Nigerian university libraries (University Of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University) to embrace ICT. Survey research design was employed in carrying out the study. Total enumeration technique was used to cover the academic librarians. The study further made use of questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD) with four key informants. The findings from the thematic analysis showed that large numbers of Nigerian academic librarians are not aware of the altmetrics or still mistaken the tool for citations and journal impact factor. The need to expose academic librarians to periodic training on the concept, importance and advantages which will in turn facilitate the use of the tools to assist the scientists/researchers in creating societal impact with their research outcomes were suggested