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The defence of African humanistic communalism for African pedagogy
No full textAgainst the background of merely condemning Western paradigms for the African educational system, this paper integrates humanism and communalism as two concepts that can be combined to serve as a new orientation for an African pedagogy. African humanistic communalism would not be a celebration of a shattered past in the quest for an African meaning. Rather, it would be an attempt at going back to the root of all human efforts evidenced in the practice of togetherness and oneness where ‘we ness’ is greater than an exaggerated ‘I’. Past Pan-African authors like Nkrumah (1970) and Nyerere (1974) had earlier expressed African unity in their respective consciencism and self-reliance doctrines but they did not anchor their ideas on an appropriate pedagogy that could sustain the ideas more tangibly in educational systems. This paper used a systematic and critical analysis to call for a change in thinking that can strengthen the African educational systems through deliberate expressions of care for one another representative of a belief system
Impact of cleaner production practices in the nigerian wood industry on sustainability and environmental performance
No full textWood residues generated in Nigeria amount to approximately 5.2 million tonnes annually, highlighting the resource-intensive nature of the Nigerian wood industry. Cleaner production practices, which involve the identification and implementation of strategies to reduce raw material consumption, energy use, waste generation, and pollution, have been widely adopted in many countries. However, in Nigeria, the adoption of cleaner production practices remained limited. This study aims to review the potential impact of cleaner production practices in the Nigerian wood industry on productivity and the creation of a sustainable environment. It sheds light on the unique characteristics and challenges faced in the Nigerian wood industry that influence the widespread adoption of cleaner production practices. The study delved into the different phases of cleaner production implementation, emphasizing the importance of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. It highlighted the adoption of low-cost and practical cleaner production measures, debunking the misconception that cleaner production implementation is always costly. Furthermore, the study examined the prospects and challenges of implementing cleaner production measures within the specific context of Nigeria's peculiarities. It discussed comprehensive waste management strategies, noise control measures, materials modification, and substitution, as well as the application of cleaner production practices on machinery and equipment. The paper emphasised the need for stronger policies and their enforcement to ensure compliance with cleaner production practices in the wood industry. By promoting the adoption of cleaner production measures, the country can witness enhanced productivity, minimise waste, and create a sustainable and environmentally friendly wood industry sector
Predicting The Body Weight Of Indigenous Goat Breeds From Morphological Measurements Using The Classification And Regression Tree (Cart) Data Mining Algorithm
No full textClassification and regression tree (CART) is a tree-based data mining algorithm that develops a model to predict an outcome. This study purposed to create a model to predict the body weight (BWT) of Red Sokoto (RS), Sahel (SH), and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using morphological measurements (such as body length, BL; head girth, HG; head width, HDW; face length, FAL; height at wither, HTW; rump length, RL; shoulder width, SW; rump width, RW; and rump height, RH). In total, 600 goats were used for this study (200 each of RS, SH, and WAD goats). Pearson’s Moment Correlation was used to evaluate the degree of association between BWT and each morphological measurement. Concomitantly, CART analysis was performed to estimate which independent variable (morphological measurements) played a considerable role in the BWT (dependent variable) prediction. In RS and WAD goats, a positive and statistically significant (p < 0.0001) correlation was observed between BWT and each morphological measurement. However, in SH goats, both positive and negative statistically significant correlations were observed between BWT and morphological measurements. The CART analysis indicated that in RS and WAD goats, HG played a considerable role in BWT prediction, while, in SH goats, BL was considered the most critical independent variable in BWT prediction. Therefore, this study suggests that HG can be used as a prognostic index for BWT estimation in Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf, while BL can be used for Sahel goats. The SAS codes used are available via a GitHub repository
(https://github.com/Soullevram/CART)
Outcome of combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in eyes of Nigerian children with primary congenital glaucoma
No full textPURPOSE: To report the outcome of combined trabeculectomy among children with primary congenital glaucoma at a child eye health tertiary facility in southwest Nigeria. METHODS: A retrospective review of children who underwent combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT) surgery on account of primary congenital glaucoma between 2016 and 2020 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. All surgeries were performed by paediatric ophthalmologists. The main outcome measures were postoperative intraocular pressure, corneal clarity, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 21 eyes of 13 patients were included. Ten (76.9%) of the patients were males and 8 (61.5%) had bilateral disease. The mean age at presentation was 4.8 (± 3.6) months, while the mean age at surgery was 8.1 (± 5.9) months. The average waiting time between noticing symptoms and presenting to the clinic was 3.2 (±4.9) months. The mean horizontal corneal diameter was 13.2 (± 1.4) mm, while the mean pre-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 25.7 (± 8.6) mmHg. The surgical success (IOP<21 mmHg) rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 86.7%, 64.3%, and 92.9% respectively. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability that IOP remained below 21 mmHg up till 3, 6, and 12 months were 74%, 53%, and 53% respectively. Postoperatively, 85.7% of the eyes had complete resolution of corneal oedema. One eye had an intraoperative complication of vitreous loss. The post-operative clinic follow-up rate reduced to 52.4% by 1 year. CONCLUSION: Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy is a relatively safe procedure that is associated with favorable success in Nigerian children with primary congenital glaucoma
Properties of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks Produced from Ultrafine Carbon Particles Blended Cement
No full textThis study investigated the properties of hollow sandcrete blocks produced from ultrafine carbon particles (UCP) blended cement. Waste radio batteries were obtained from electronic repairers and dumpsites in Osogbo. The carbon rod in the batteries were sorted and mechanically grinded to UCP. The UCP replacement levels of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% were used. A total of 36 hollow sandcrete block specimens of dimension 450 × 225 × 150 mm were cast using mix ratio 1:5 to undergo density, water absorption and compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days of curing respectively. The densities of the control, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% UCP were 1136, 1169, 1152, 1158, 1154 and 1152 kg/m3 at day 7, and 1063, 1093, 1106, 1128, 1134 and 1142 kg/m3 at day 28 respectively. Their respective water absorption were 6.0, 5.3, 5.0, 3.0, 2.8 and 2.0% at day 7 and 12.0, 10.0, 7.0, 6.0, 5.0 and 2.4% at day 28. The water absorption for all the mixtures were within the BS specification of 12% maximum. The 28 day
compressive strength increased by 15.48, 19.01, 25.26, 20.52 and 16.47% for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% UCP replacement respectively. It is concluded that UCP can be used to improve the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks at acceptable density and water absorption
Stakeholders’ perspectives to intimate partner violence among married couples in ondo city, Nigeria
No full textIntimate partner violence (IPV) is conceptualized as interactional events, relationship patterns, undue influences, processes, and behaviour known to both partners involved but largely ignored until blown out of proportion and capable of degenerating into large-scale harm and sometimes death. The study focused on providing a holistic review of the prevalence, precipitating drivers, effects, and plausible solutions to IPV in Ondo City (Ondo West and East Local Government Areas). The study employed a descriptive survey design, which was found appropriate for the study. The participants of the study comprised all adults (18 years and above) who are legally married. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants based a sole criterion of being in a marital relationship for over five years. A total of 400 participants were selected from the two local government areas in Ondo City, Ondo State. A validated self-designed instrument titled Questionnaire on Intimate Partner Violence (r= 0.89) with four sub-scales was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS version 22. The finding revealed that the average prevalence was average. Other results revealed the top three precipitating drivers or causes of IPV (extra-marital affairs, financial/economic stress, emotional dependence, & insecurity); effects (injury, wounds, strains, and dislocation, partner continuous disrespect and continuous marital turbulence); and probable solutions (orientation on the marital relationship or journey; sharing and doing things together; deliverance or prayers for the partner) to IPV among married and unmarried couples. It is recommended that there need for community-wide campaign and approaches against IPV; also, avoidance strategies such as alternative dispute resolution system; guidance and counselling mechanisms; remedial course prior marriage
A Thesis in the Department of Sociology, Submitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree ofDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYof theUNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textGentrification, a process of displacement of low-income households and businesses by high-income class, is a disconcerting feature of development in Lagos State. Previous studies on gentrification focused on physical transformations of built environment with little attention paid to its sociological processes. This study, therefore, adopted a sociological approach to investigate the social history, processes, drivers, patterns, costs, adaptive strategies and social relations of gentrification in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Gentrification Interpretive Theory provided the framework, while the descriptive research design was adopted. Agege, Alimosho, Oshodi, Eti-Osa, Lagos Mainland and Lagos Island Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected due to their pervasiveness in gentrification. Primary data were collected using quantitative and qualitative instrumentations, while secondary data were obtained from official documents. Using systematic sampling technique, a total of 894 copies of questionnaire were administered to residents of gentrifying areas based on Cochran’s (1977) formula; 24 In-depth Interviews (four per LGA) were conducted among longtime and new residents, voluntarily displaced landlords and tenants; 24 Key Informant Interviews (four per LGA) were conducted with developers (one per LGA), estate agents (one per LGA), one official of Lagos State Urban Renewal Authority, and another from Lagos State Building Control Agency; six Focus Group Discussions (one per LGA) were held among religious leaders, and six Life Histories (one per LGA) were done among community leaders. The processes and patterns of gentrification were observed through non-participant observation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and Multiple linear regressions at p≤0.05, while qualitative data were content-analysed.
The respondents’ age was 42.41±15.64 years; of whom 62.0% were males and 50.1% earned >N100,000 monthly. Gentrification was traced to the colonial era. It manifested in displacements of low income households and businesses by governments and wealthy individuals through private and government driven processes. The private processes entailed persuasion of poor landlords by gentrifiers through agents, and this was jointly predicted by education, age and income (Adj.R2 = 0.19, F (3, 891) = 73.29). The government-driven processes were characterised by disregard for court injunctions on the legality of occupancy of gentrifying areas. Influx and expansion of businesses (23.6%) and profit-seeking behaviour (34.0%) were generic and specific drivers of gentrification respectively, and these were significantly related to respondents’ income (χ2 =202.42), education (χ2 =237.78) and occupation (χ2 =234.32). While political and criminal gentrifications were new patterns of gentrification in Lagos, homelessness (10.3%) and high cost of living (27.2%) were the social and economic costs. Reliance on family and friends’ networks for support (41.2%) and use of refurbished containers (24.8%) were adaptive strategies adopted by displaced families and businesses. Remaining indigent original occupants of the gentrifying areas felt threatened by the arrival of gentry, causing deep sense of alienation.
Gentrification processes adversely influenced social relations between low-income residents who have stayed long and the gentry, with grave implications for sustainable peace and development of urban Lagos. Inclusive social and economic policies that would alleviate poverty and meet housing needs in low-income areas of Lagos State should be formulate
Environmental factor as predictors of citizens’ participation in development activities in Ogbomoso town, Oyo state, Nigeria
No full textThe involvement of citizens in developmental endeavors is crucial to achieving rapid and enduring progress. However, the social context often displays varying attitudes that impact community participation. Despite numerous studies on citizen engagement, there is a shortage of research on how different environmental factors influence involvement in community development. This study, investigated the environmental factors that could predict citizens’ participation in developmental activities in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The simple random sampling was used to select 100 respondents from the community of Ogbomoso North Local Government.
The data was analysed using the descriptive statistics of percentage, frequency count and inferential statistics of multiple regression. Environmental factors (leadership impact and involvement in community groups) jointly influenced citizens’ participation in development activities (R = 0.46, p0.05). The result showed that citizens participate in development activities irrespective of their involvement in community groups and leadership greatly influences citizens’ participation in developmental activities. Since leadership determines peoples’ participation in community development projects, it is recommended that community leaders should be exemplary in discharging their duties and also visualise projects that are need-base
Effect of Variation in Physical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel on Post-Construction Parameters of Buildings in Nigeria
No full textThe Nigerian market for construction materials has a problem of standardization as a massive range of variation in construction materials properties plagues the market. A larger number of these variations are below the accepted standards and a key material affected is reinforcing steel. This research aims to investigate the effect of variation in physical and mechanical properties of reinforcing steel on post-construction parameters (cost and safety margins) of buildings in Nigeria. Data on variation of selected properties was collected through extensive literature review and processed into tables showing the result of the input data on key building parameters. Data visualization was done using Microsoft Excel to help gain insights on trends and patterns. The trends and patterns observed informed the regression analysis carried out with Microsoft excel, aimed at establishing relationships between variable variations. A rebar optimization algorithm/software was developed to help optimize variation in standard rebar lengths and reduce waste on site, and was tested on five (5) project cases. The results show a wide range of variation for bar diameter and yield strength values, with some values falling as much as 30% below standard. The variation in young’s modulus was seen to be minimal and has the least effect on safety margins. Equations were generated from regression to predict effect of these variations on safety margins. The rebar optimization algorithm proved efficient in reducing waste and saving cost. The algorithm follows a recursive approach for problem solving. The variation in these properties have a significant effect on building safety and cost. The prediction formulae generated can be used by Engineers to track safety margins and the algorithm can help with waste reduction and cost saving on projects
Literacy and virtual learning in the new normal: implications for quality educational access in Nigeria
No full textThis paper aims at explaining the concepts that have been added to literacy literature given the change that was brought about by the use of virtual learning. Even when the borders and management of the classroom setting have been expanded by the virtual reality, learners and instructors at all levels still have to be conscious of the guides to learning on the basis of human centredness. Literacy can be conceptualised as skills, attitude and competencies in individuals and groups of people as they relate with others in the community. The issues that are discussed are the reality of new normal and its implications for virtual learning. This discussion was done with the hindsight of what literacy was before the emergence of the new normal and virtual learning. Since curriculum development and policy formulation for implementation in learning situations may not meet up with the high demands of the virtual learning in the new normal, the paper suggests that there is need to strengthen the non - formal strategies for supporting learning in educational system. That is, in between the rigid formal system and overtly loose virtual learning there should be some sort of regulation