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A thesis in the Department of Sociology Submitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITYOFIBADAN
No full textThe Health Insurance Scheme (HIS), a means of financing medical care among employees globally, is designed to subsidise medical costs. In Nigeria, HIS is inadequately implemented and this affects access to healthcare among employees, particularly in the private sector. Existing studies have mainly focused on biomedical aspects of HIS in the public sector with scant attention given to the social factors associated with its utilisation among employees of private organisations, including Enugu State, where the scheme has officially been adopted by private sector organisations. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which HIS is utilised; influence of its adoption on health-seeking behaviour; treatment pathways of enrollees; gender differentials in its utilisation; and the challenges reported by private sector employers that have enlisted in the scheme in Enugu State. The Structural Functionalist Theory and Health Belief Model served as framework, while the cross-sectional survey design was employed. The purposive sampling technique was used to select one organisation from each of the manufacturing and service industries that have adopted HIS. A sample of 457 respondents were drawn using Yamane’s formula. Simple random sampling was used to proportionately administer semi-structured questionnaire to employees in manufacturing (369) and service (88) industries. Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with employees in manufacturing (14) and service (10) industries. Sixteen key informant interviews were conducted with management staff of manufacturing (5) and service (3) industries. Four healthcare providers from National Health Insurance Agency (NHIA) accredited hospitals, two managers of health maintenance organisations, and two NHIA executive officers. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Logistic regression and T-test at p≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed. The respondents’ age was 38±2.4 years; 77.4% had tertiary education and 70.8% were married. Forty-six percent partially utilised and 32.0% adequately utilised HIS. The extent to which HIS was adequately utilised was significantly associated with respondents’ aged ≥50 years (OR=4.87), tertiary education (OR=3.53) and those who were married (OR=2.57). Influence of HIS on health-seeking behaviour was significantly associated with senior staff (OR=1.57) and 100, 000 (OR=4.04) as monthly income. The treatment pathways for employees started with visit to HIS hospitals (61.2%), home therapy (23.2%), visit to hospitals without HIS (12.5%), faith/religious centres (2.9%) and traditional medical centre (0.2%). Some of those who did not visit HIS accredited hospitals at the onset of their ill-health resorted to visiting HIS accredited hospitals when their conditiondeteriorated.Femaleemployees(52.6%)were more likely to seek healthcare through HIS than their male counterparts (47.4%) after enrolling in HIS plan. Private sector employers’ challenges in the adoption of HIS included payment of premium, abuse oftheschemebysomeemployees,complexbureaucratic structure of the scheme and employees' inability to access certain treatments due to their organisations’ chosen HIS plan.Socio-organisational and individual factors influenced the adoption of health insurance scheme and the health seeking-behaviour of private sector employees in Enugu State, Nigeria. Health maintenance officials, Healthcare providers and other stakeholders should therefore increase awareness about the benefits of utilising health insurance scheme by private sector employees in order to reduce out-of-pocket health expenditure
Awareness of Sustainable Development Related Themes in Selected African Literature-in English Texts among Senior Secondary School Students in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study, hinged on the tenets of the sociology of Literature, examined the portrayal of themes related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, henceforth) in two (Lonely Days and Harvest of Corruption) African Literature-in-English texts recommended for Nigerian senior secondary school students from 2016-2020. The purpose of the study was to investigate students’ awareness of the SDGs-related themes that are portrayed in the selected text. The study adopted a mixedmethods research design. Quantitative data were collected from 150 Literature-in-English students, using a Questionnaire on Students’ Awareness of Sustainable Development Themes in Literaturein-English Texts (r = 0.73 and analysed using descriptive statistics. The two selected texts were also analysed thematically. Findings revealed that students’ awareness of the sustainable development themes in the texts was low despite the high portrayal of such themes (corruption, unemployment, justice, women’s subjugation and inequality, women’s economic independence,empowerment, and environmental degradation) in the texts. It was recommended that Literaturein-English teachers should emphasise the themes students and the citizenry at large could learn from the prescribed texts
Thinking beyond the present: advocating continuity of practice of emergency remote teaching in Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the disruption of education systems and the closure of schools all over the world. To ensure that teaching and learning continued during the pandemic, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Nigeria adopted Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) and moved classes to online and distance education platforms. The expectation is that ERT will be an alternative to face-to-face teaching methods, which were the norm before the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we argue in favour of HEIs continuing to utilize ERT rather than leaving remote teaching by both lecturers and students untapped. We will also provide justifications to support this ongoing use of ERT. We suggest that institutions should embrace a blended learning approach. This involves implementing an ERT contingency plan for potential future crises, integrating ERT as a mandatory component of academic staff professional development, enhancing the skills and readiness of academic and support staff for ERT, and formulating a strategy to address the challenges associated with ERT. We conclude that ERT presents a promising pedagogical approach that has the potential to bring about positive transformations in Nigerian higher education institutions
Proximate and oragnoleptic analysis of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cakes
Get PDFThis study investigated the proximate and organoleptic properties of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cake. Specifically, it determined: proximate composition of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cake: and organoleptic properties of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cake. Samples of the products were prepared using standard methods. The product was divided into two parts, one part was subjected to proximate analysis while the other part was subjected to sensor}' evaluation. Proximate analysis of carrot- fortified and vanilla flavoured cake was carried out using standard methods. Twenty panellists were involved in the sensory evaluation of the products. A 7-point hedonic scale was used to collect data on the organoleptic properties of the samples. Dahl for sensory evaluation were analysed using percentages (%). Result of proximate analysis showed that carrot-fortified cake had the highest content of protein (15.6%). Moisture Content (15.6%)), ash (2.4%). crude fibre (I.2%), Tannins (55mg/100g), Saponins (35mg/100g) 35, Ascorbic Acid (14.5mg/100g), Carotenoids (350µg/100g), Thiamine (0.21mg/100)g), Riboflavin (0.17mg/100g), Niacin (2.65mg/100g) and lowest content of fat (25.0%), carbohydrate (42.2%) when compared to vanilla-flavoured cake. Also, the organoleptic result showed that carrot-fortified cake was ranked higher and accepted by the panellists when compared to vanilla flavoured cake based on the 7-point hedonic scale rating. Rased on these findings it was recommended that: further research could be carried out on the shelf life of carrot cake and mode of preservation with the use of natural preservatives such as vinegar and physiochemical analysis of the cakes during different stages of storage
Teachers' belief as correlates of coping with problems affecting english learning among secondary school students in Ibadan
Get PDFThis study examined teachers’ belief (Beliefs about learners and learning, Beliefs about teaching, Beliefs about the curriculum) as correlates of coping with problems affecting English learning among students in Ibadan. The survey research design of the correlational type was adopted. Fifteen (15) secondary schools were purposively selected from five local government areas in Ibadan. Two English language teachers were selected from each school, making a total of 30 English language teachers as the sample size. Teacher’s Belief Questionnaire (r=0.91) and Coping With Factors Affecting English Questionnaire (r=0.89) were used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were used for data analysis and the results were interpreted at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that coping with factors affecting English language learning among students had positive significant relationship with Teachers’ beliefs about Learners and Learning (r = 0.96); beliefs about teaching (r = 0.83); belief about curriculum (r = 0.81). There was a significant joint contribution of teachers’ beliefs (F (3; 26) = 264.66; p = 0.00 < 0.05), while teachers’ belief about Learners and Learning (β = 0.97, t = 0.99; p = 0.03 < 0.05), had significant and highest relative contribution, followed by Teachers’ Belief about teaching (β = - 1.14, t = - 6.13; p = 0.00 < 0.05). English language teachers therefore need to be dynamic in their instructional delivery rather than holding unto beliefs that may not be helpful in coping with factors affecting English language learning among students
The act and art of editing: exploration of the functions and responsibilities of book editors in the electronic age
Get PDFIn this present ICT-driven information age, the traditional roles of editors in the book publishing process are threatened, as software is being developed to perform editorial functions. Experience has shown, however, that ICT can help in improving human experience in all spheres of life. For editors to remain relevant, there is the need for conscious effort by publishers and editors to upgrade their knowledge in the application of ICT in the editorial practices. This paper examines the chances of survival of book editors in the face of a fast changing environment. The paper concludes that the publishing option in the electronic age does not exclude editorial functions but redefines the new roles of editors in the publishing process. Therefore, editorial roles need a redefinition in the present dispensation and editors and publishers, especially in the developing nations such as Nigeria need to move with the changing time. This is done by committing more resources into training and development, to enable editorial staff to be relevant in the present dispensation. Therefore, the job of the editor remains, only if, editors upgrade themselves in the act and art of editing to make them relevant in this changing time
Evaluation of social protection adaptive capacity friendliness for sustainable human security among teen youths in a peri urban area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study evaluated the teen youth responsiveness towards sustainable socio-economic health security intervention communication, the responsiveness index of the respondents was estimated and how significant variations in teen youths responsiveness across their characteristics were ascertained. The study was conducted in the Itu Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The target population of the study was all youths between the ages of 14 and 25 years. A multi-stage sampling technique was used and a total of200 respondents were sampled to generate the needed data that were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that 93.5% of the teen youths were aware of the threat of HIV/AIDs issues to the sustainable socio-economic-health status of households as 32.5% had the courage to visit the VCT center to ascertain their status. It was surprising that only 25%> knew that the VCT services were confidential. Overall, about 34% of the teen youths had a responsiveness index that was considered high and friendly to call to know HIV/AIDs status; and adopt voluntary counseling and testing to promote zero HIV spread in the region. With regards to sources of variation in teen-youths responsiveness index, the majority of the personal characteristics of the respondents; sex, number of household income earners, father’s level of education, and household size, were statistically not significant variables even though there were considerable variations in the mean index of teen-youths responsiveness to HIV/AIDs VCT across their factors. The variable: age showed statistical significance among its age range categories. As the age range increased, it revealed a higher index of teen-youth responsiveness, which suggested that maturity with advancement in age increases the consciousness of young adults to be careful and safe in society. Irrespective of the background characteristics of the respondents, their decision to stay safe was more of a personal decision to stay safe and healthy
Energy waste reduction in University of Ibadan, Nigeria’s water factory using energy audit approach
Get PDFThe technical cost incurred in providing adequate services for drinkable water production and distribution is high in developing countries of which Nigeria is no exception. By analysing the energy aspect of this cost, with a view of eliminating non-value-adding energy wastes, the cost of production can be reduced. In this work, an energy audit of the University of Ibadan water factory has been carried out, as a means of reducing the electrical energy wastes within the factory, as well as the associated costs to these energy wastes. Data on equipment being used and their power ratings were collected via walkthrough audit, by means of interviews and personnel observation, and thereafter inputted into Excel spreadsheet in order to determine the extent of energy consumption of each of the factory equipment, areas of energy wastage and areas of energy conservation opportunities. The factory’s structural data was obtained through the use of a 50m fibre measuring tape, in order to carry out lighting, air-conditioning and ventilation assessments on selected rooms in the factory, as means of proper energy conservation. Energy management measures were deployed by suggestion of more efficient equipment. Major equipment found includes automatic filling machine, pumps, steam generator, conveyor etc. The total electrical energy consumption of the factory was 9,280.899 kWh, of which equipment such as pumps took 20% (highest energy consumption). Areas of major energy consumption include pet blowing room, production room 1, production room 2 and the borehole area. While the current cooling capacities of most rooms in the factory were above the cooling requirement of each room, the luminosity requirement of selected rooms in the factory is surpassed by the current luminosity level found. Energy management measures were found to reduce the energy consumption of the factory by 17%, saving a sum of 87,906.207 naira of electrical energy cost monthly. In conclusion, the energy audit carried out on the University of Ibadan water factory was found useful in reducing energy waste and associated costs within the water factory. This approach can be applied in industries for electricity cost reduction, hence, production cost
Work experience and competence as indicators of performance effectiveness of editors in book publishing firms in Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFPerformance effectiveness of editors is critical to every Publishing firm. For editors to discharge their duties efficiently, editorial competence is crucial. It is in the light of this that this study examined how work experience and competence indicate performance effectiveness of editors in book Publishing firms in southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive survey research method was adopted, structured questionnaire tagged "WECIPEE" was the instrument, while four research questions were raised. The population of the study was the editorial staff of the 139 registered Publishing firms in southwestern Nigeria while random sampling technique was used to select the editors of twenty-four Publishing Companies which constituted the study sample. The data collected was analysed using percentages and Statistical mean. Findings show that publishers preferred editorial staff who have adequate experience, and that human capacity development enhanced performance effectiveness of editors. The study recommended that publishers should emphasise editors' competence, ICT skills, and training
Child’s creativity friendly home environmental status among students in uyo senatorial districts, Akwa Ibom State
Get PDFThe study assessed the child creativity-friendly home environmental (CCFHE) status in Uyo senatorial district due to the sensitivity of the construct variable transformative development of the social and economic wellbeing of the individual and the economy. The background characteristics of the respondents were identified, the child's creativity-friendly home environment was estimated and its dynamics were profiled. The study was conducted in the Uyo Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select upper classes of elementary schools for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed and results were obtained as follows. The majority of the respondents were male (51%) and were in late childhood and early adolescence with 12 years of age constituting 25.3% of the sample. The majority come from households with 2-5 persons (48.7%). The study showed that 86.3% of students were under parental guidance. A mixed-method research approach to item generation led to 12-item construct measures. The KMO and Bartlett's test affirmed the tenability of the measurement construct. However, the factor analytic results revealed four significant underlying dimensions of the factors for child creativity-friendly home environment programming. Incidence index analytics revealed relatively low occurrences and three incidence index magnitude categorizations among the twelve scaled items and the composite index analytics of the status of CCFHE revealed that 30.3% of the population are child creativity home environment friendly at a percentage index of 75.0 and above. The CCFHE background characteristics profile analysis indicated that out of 6 selected variables only 2 variables: age and guidance type had statistically significant variation CCFHE mean index. It suggests that most of the homes (69.7%) were not creative home environment friendly