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Household water consumption patterns in Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study was conducted in Ondo State using multi-stage sampling procedure. Purposive sampling was used to select two communities while systematic random sampling was used to select 150 households with 75 respondents each from the two communities. Questionnaire and interview schedule were employed to elicit information on variables and data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Majority (66.0%) were married with mean household size of 5.5 ± 2.9 members. About (41.3%) had tertiary education, less than half (37.4%) of the respondents obtained their water from well and borehole. The respondents were faced with water constraints such as water inaccessibility (1.07) and high price of water (0.40). Furthermore, water conservation strategies of the respondents include washing of used plates once a day (1.29), washing of face and foot to reduce water used for bathing (0.81), repeated wearing of clothes more than twice (0.83) and skipping bathing or ration bathing at intervals during the week (0.47). Majority (56.0%) of the respondents had favourable attitude towards sustainable water management practices and they consumed 102 litres to 162 litres of water per day. The quantity of household daily consumption of water was between 148.8 ± 61.4 litres with drinking and clothes washing being the most important activities water are used for and are used more than twice a day. Government at all levels should ensure safe sources of water for both urban and rural households and also make them available and accessible for daily consumption
Effect of Multimodal Assessment Packages on Senior Secondary School Students' English Listening Proficiency in Ibadan Metropolis Oyo State, Nigeria.
Get PDFThe study determined the effect of curriculum-based multimodal technique on the listening skills proficiency among secondary school students in Ibadan metropolis. The quasi experimental design was adoptedfor this study. The instruments were Oral-based tests with reliability co-efficient of 0.89, Paper- based tests with reliability co-efficient of 0.70. A total of200 students were randomly selectedfrom public and private schools in Ibadan metropolis and were examined. Half of the students (100) are from public-based secondary schools while the remaining 50% (100) are from private schools. Analysis of variance was used in analysing the main and interaction effects of the data collected. The results revealed that there was no significant different in the overall listening skill proficiency of the students based on either of the school or test type. However, there exists a strong interaction between these independent variables. Students from public schools performed better in Oral-based test (ORT), while private school students tends to have better performance in paper- based tests (PBT). The public school students with a mean performance score of79.38%performed better than the private school students (x— 78.5%) in term of the overall average in the conducted tests Based on thefindings, the new (ORT) technique ofassessing listening skill should be adopted by teachers and all public examining bodies in Nigeria in assessing students listening proficienc
GC-MS profiling and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract and fractions of the leaves of solanum dasyphyllum schumach and thonn
Get PDFBackground: Solanum dasyphyllum is a plant with several ethno-medicinal uses and to date, there is little scientific validation of its folkloric claims compared to other species of the Solanaceae family. Objective: This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of S. dasyphyllum and identified the phyto-constituents using GC-MS technique. Methods: Crude methanolic extract of S. dasyphyllum leaves were subjected to Phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. Crude extracts and fractions were subjected to antimicrobial screening, including minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) determination, time-kill kinetics study, antioxidant activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Results: Phytochemicals present included flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. Antimicrobial activities were recorded against all the isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp., Candida albicans and Penicillium spp.) with MIC between 0.25 and >4 mg/mL, MBC of 1 and >4 mg/mL and MFC of 0.5 and >4 mg/mL. Time-kill kinetics study showed dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions to be bactericidal. Crude extract displayed moderate antioxidant (IC50 = 425.51μg/mL) and GC-MS analysis showed 29 metabolites, including phenols and polyphenols derivatives, benzofuranone derivative and esters of decanoic acid derivatives, all of which are known to have anti-infective and anti-oxidant properties. Conclusion: This study therefore elucidates the potentials of the Solanum dasyphyllum plant as a good source of bioactive compounds including those with anti-infective and antioxidant properties
Development of a multiple-piston hydraulic briquetting press hbp and characterization of newsprint briquettes produced
No full textTechnical complexity, power source, cost, and product value are some challenging considerations in briquetting. Most of the available briquetting options are not sustainable due to these challenges, therefore, improved intermediate technology options requiring low energy consumption, high-energy product and acceptable combustion characteristics to meet these challenges are justified by developing a multiple-piston hydraulic briquetting press (HBP) and characterizing the briquettes produced from Gmelina arborea sawdust and newsprint binder. Materials and Methods: Sorted Gmelina arborea sawdust was mixed with pulped newsprint fibers in 5 ratios 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively, to produce briquettes. The briquettes were characterized using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), British Standard (BS), and International Standards Organization (ISO) test procedures to determine briquette characteristics. Results: The machine output capacity was 96 briquettes/hour, with low production cost (NGN40, 000.00). The briquettes produced are structurally stable with dimensions: 15.00 mm internal hole, 80.00 mm external diameter, and 60.00 mm height. Low binder briquettes (90:10% wt/wt) are fragile and brittle, while higher binder briquettes are strong and durable. Binder concentration positively improves the combustion characteristics, while the time spent cooking 1 kg of yam is not significantly different for rice. The briquettes thermal efficiency in stove was significantly affected by binder concentration and stove characteristics. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study including high machine output capacity, briquettes’ stability, luminous flame and reduced smokiness showed positive quality contributions to densification study and hence, suitability for domestic heating
Influence of reward system and career development programmes on non-academic employees’ commitment in University of Ibadan, Nigeria
No full textThere is no denying that organisations today are dealing with greater obstacles than before. These issues affect all organisations, regardless of their size, structure, or the type of the goods or services they provide. They are not special to any one organisation or industry. As a result, this study examined the nexus between reward system and career advancement programmes on non-academic employees’ commitment in University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Two specific objectives were raised for attainment. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to sample three-hundred and sixty (360) respondents. A questionnaire created by the authors tagged ‘Reward System and Career Development Questionnaire “RSCDQ” and Employees’ Commitment Questionnaire ‘ECQ’ was used to obtain information. Analyses of data were done with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical tools of SPSS. The empirical findings indicated that the reward system has positive and significance influence on employees’ commitment. This showcases that the more favourable the reward system is, the more likely the non-academic employees would demonstrate high degree of commitment in the course of discharging their duties. The empirical outcomes further revealed that career development has a positive and significance influence on level of commitment of non-academic staff. However, it is concluded that both prevailing reward system and career development exercise have great impact on employees’ commitment level. It is recommended that reward system and career development programmes should be enhanced by the concerned stakeholders in order to always guarantee employees’ commitment to duties
Strength properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating iron ore tailings
Get PDFThe quest for sustainable production of concrete is a major step towards achieving netzero Carbon. The utilisation of industrial waste in the production of concrete entrenches both sustainability and economic viability. Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) are a byproduct of the beneficiation process of iron ore. The unbridled disposal of Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) has proven to be a great threat to the natural environment. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gained prominence in the
construction industry based on its unique flowability quality. This study investigated the strength characteristics of SCC incorporating IOT as replacement for fine aggregate. Concrete containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 100% IOT as fine aggregate replacement were prepared and subjected to compressive and flexural strengths tests. The results reveal a progressive increase in strength with age for compressive strength, and progressive increase in strength with increasing percentage contents of IOT for both compressive and flexural strength tests. The inclusion of IOT as partial replacement of fine aggregates in SCC has a potential to mitigate the environmental degradation caused by its disposal and excessive depletion of natural sand. Besides, it is a viable measure towards reduction of carbon footprint of concrete production with evident economical benefits
The prospects of the African union transitional justice policy 2019 and sustainable peace in Africa
No full textThe African Union (A U) adopted the African Union Transitional Justice Policy (AUTJ Policy) in 2019 against the backdrop of attaining sustainable peace within the African continent. The Policy was designed to serve as a continental guide to member States in the design and implementation of context-specific transitional justice programmes within their respective States. The Policy incorporates indigenous principles and elements which member States should adopt to domesticate transitional justice. Presumably, over the years, the African continent has had the highest number of States confronting conflict situations or repressive regimes. Hence, it would appear that the Policy is a timely intervention of the AU in pursuing its agenda of a peaceable and stable continent. The Policy makes several bold innovations and provisions which are potentially capable of transforming the structure for peace and security in Africa. This study attempts to examine the provisions of the Policy against the conventional narratives of transitional justice principles and mechanisms and the goal of sustainable peace. Is the Policy just another document which will wield little or less significant impact within the continent? The paper adopts a purely doctrinal and desktop review approach in analysing the provisions of the AUTJ Policy within the context of the concept of transitional justice and sustainable peace. The study makes use of data from both primary and secondary sources of law and argues that while the adoption of the Policy is an innovative move, it runs the risk of irrelevance where its provisions are merely recommendatory and elicit no binding obligations from member states
A survey of strategies of implementing national orientation agency’s value programme in secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria
No full textThis study examines the various strategies of implementing National Orientation Agency (NOA)'s moral value programme in secondary schools in Osun State. The study also examines the variation in the use of these strategies to determine their effectiveness on the implementation of the programme. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study which was guided by two research questions. The population for the study comprises of all NOA staff and secondary schools teachers in Osun State; while purposive sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty participants for the study. The instrument for the data collection was a constructed ten items structured questionnaire related to the strategies and the frequency use of these strategies were designed for the study. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity by Social Studies experts for scrutiny and review and validated two weeks before administration and its reliability was determined through Cronbach Alpha which yielded a co-efficient of 0.89. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage scores, mean and ranking order. The study revealed among others that most of the frequently used strategies were not appropriate for implementing the programme while appropriate strategies were seldomly used or not used at all. The study therefore recommended that NOA's staff should frequently use the appropriate strategies for implementing their programme so as to inculcate moral values into secondary schools students in Osun State
Sex, crime and urbanism as motifs of violence in selected thriller fictions of Leye Adenle
No full textLeye Adenle’s thriller fictions, Easy Motion Tourist and When Trouble Sleeps, complement Nigeria’s creative writing landscape with recourse to distinct issues in contemporary Nigerian society, which serve as setting in the two novels. Against the backdrop of a rising spate of creative writing in Nigeria, attention is therefore paid to these literary specimens in relation to how the issues of sex and crime underscore the motif of violence. This study therefore investigated the tropes of sex, crime and urbanism as motifs of violence in Adenle’s popular fiction. The selected texts foregrounded the writer’s sense of creativity and imaginative prowess in establish-ing the connection between creative writing and society. Having underscored the rising tempo of Nigerian Thriller fiction in relation to critical issues raised in the texts, this research further established the relationship between literature and the society. Using Aspect of Cultural Studies theory, this study through these texts revealed critical reflections of the Nigerian society in contemporary times through critical investigation of salient thematic preoccupations connected to the notions of sex, crime and urbanism as catalyst which led to streams of violence in the novels. Further findings articulate a critical exploration of inherent literary tropes in the selected thriller texts, which pontificates towards popular fiction as a thriving genre in the Nigerian literary space
Teachers' perception of social studies as a pedagogical tool for citizenship transformation and positive change in new Nigeria
Get PDFSocial Studies is a subject designed for knowledge, skills and values acquisition to transform citizens to become agents of change in their immediate and global environment. This study investigated teachers’ perception of Social Studies as a pedagogical tool for Citizenship transformation and positive change in new Nigeria. It was guided by three hypotheses. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population consisted of 166 Social Studies teachers from 47 public secondary schools in Ogbomoso. A total of 118 Social Studies teachers was sampled using purposive sampling technique. Teachers’ Perception of Social Studies Curriculum Questionnaire (TPSSCQ) with reliability coefficient of 0.98 was used for data collection. Percentage and Independent t- test was used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that Social Studies curriculum content is a pedagogical tool suitable for citizenship transformation and positive change in new Nigeria. Based on these findings it was recommended that, Social Studies teachers in secondary schools should be sensitized on how to transform citizens through Social Studies contents to become agents of positive change in Nigeria