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COVID-19-induced concerns and graduate students’ motivation for programme completion in a Nigerian university
No full textThis study examined the impact of COVID-19-induced concerns regarding health, finance and learning on graduate students’ motivation for programme completion in Nigeria. A quantitative research method using survey approach was adopted for the study. The study utilized an online survey to gather data from 1846 graduate students from a purposively selected university in Nigeria. A model was proposed to serve as a framework for the analysis of the data collected. The model consisted of four constructs: health concerns, financial concerns, learning concerns and motivation for programme completion. A Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in WarpPLS 7.0 was used for data analysis. Results revealed amongst others that the COVID-19-induced health concerns positively and significantly impacted graduate students’ motivation for programme completion. Additionally, the financial concerns related to the pandemic had a negative significant impact on graduate students’ motivation for programme completion. Further, the study found that COVID-19-induced concerns regarding health influenced graduate students’ concerns regarding finance. Similarly, COVID-19-induced concerns regarding finance significantly influenced graduate students’ learning concerns. Hence, the study suggested that university administrators and other stakeholders should assist graduate students with various forms of financial empowerment schemes, student loans and scholarships that could cushion the effect of the financial fallout of the pandemic on the graduate students and mitigate against possible dropout of the graduate students from graduate studie
A Thesis in the Department of SociologySubmitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsforthe Degree ofDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYof theUNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textChild Sexual Abuse (CSA), which is a form of sexual activity with a minor, is not only a global social problem but also a major risk factor that affects the physical, social and mental well-being of affected children particularly in Nigeria. Previous studies on CSA have largely focused on its causes and prevention among children. However, there is little attention given to the experience, and its disclosure, among students in Junior Secondary Schools (JSS), who are more at risk considering their school-age bracket, (10-17 years), especially in Ogun State. This study was, therefore, designed to investigate the knowledge of, experience, disclosure rate and challenges of disclosure, as well as consequences of, and coping strategies of CSA among JSS students in Ogun State, Nigeria.Ecological Systems Theory provided the framework. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Using multi-stage sampling technique, Ogun State was divided into East, Central and West senatorial districts, and 11 Local Government Areas were randomly selected. Stratified purposive sampling was used to select 22 Public JSS. A total sample of 976 respondents was drawn using Lemesho’s (1990) sample size determination formula. Simple random sampling was used to proportionately administer a structured questionnaire to students of JSS consisting of Ogun East (344), Central (325) and West (307). Twelve in-depth interviews were conducted with victims of CSA, and 18 key informant interviews were conducted with School Counsellors (4), Medical Officers (6) and Police Officers (8). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Logistic Regressions and One-way ANOVA at P≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed.The respondents’ age was 13.18±1.36, 52.2% were male and 61.3% resided in urban centres. Knowledge about CSA was moderately high (50.7%); and significantly associated with students in Junior Secondary (JS) II (OR=1.59), JS III (OR=1.55), male students (OR=0.76) and those who resided in urban centres (OR=1.37). About 30.6% had CSA experiences. The experience of CSA was significantly associated with those who were in JS II (OR=1.41), JS III (OR=1.16), aged 13-15 (OR=1.59), ≥16 years (OR=3.23) and those in urban centres (OR=1.22). The disclosure of CSA rate was low (17.1%); and significantly associated with those who were in JS II(OR=0.18), JS III (OR=0.12), aged 13-15 (OR=2.34), ≥16 years (OR=4.08) and urban residence (OR=1.79). Behavioural disorder (39.1%), re-experiencing (41.2%), anxiety (47.0%), marital dissatisfaction (25.2%) and sexual dysfunction (3.0%) were the consequences of CSA. There were significant differences between age (F(2, 973) =11.87), ethnic group (F(3, 972) =2.455) and the consequences of CSA. Counselling (58.5%), dissociation (7.4%), denial (6.4%) and rationalising (4.0%) were the various coping mechanisms for CSA. The fear of threats, beating, shame, stigmatisation, prosecution of familial perpetrators or offenders and ignorance affected disclosure of CSA among victims and relatives. Experience of CSA resulted in excessive body pains, bruises, unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.The socio-demographic characteristics of Junior Secondary school students influenced the knowledge, experience, disclosure, consequences, and coping strategies of child sexual abuse in Ogun State. These should be factored intoJuniorSecondary school students’ experience and disclosure of child sexual abus
A Thesis in the Department of Sociology Submitted to Faculty of the Social SciencesInpartialfulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY oftheUNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textGlobally, criminal victimisation has become a security threat in the ridesharing industry, which uses digital application to connect riders to drivers. In Nigeria, criminal victimisation has become prevalent among drivers working with prominent ridesharing companies in Lagos State. Existing studies described the self-protective behaviours of ridesharing drivers, with scant attention paid to the social context of their victimisation and lived experiences. This study, was therefore designed to investigate the nature of victimisation,factors associated with its occurrence, its risks as well as the preventive measures provided by ridesharing companies to protect drivers in Lagos State. The Routine Activity Theory provided the framework, while the exploratory design was employed.Lagos State was purposively selected due to the recorded prevalence of ridesharing victimisation. Two prominent ridesharing companies were purposively selected because they are the leading players in the ridesharing industry. In all, 45 in-depthinterviews were conducted. This comprised 30 drivers (15 in each of the two companies), 10 riders and five police officers in the Rapid Response Squad who had handled ridesharing victimisation cases. A key informant interview was also conducted with anoperations manager of one of the companies to understand safety and preventive measures put in place for drivers. These were complemented with 10 reported cases of victimisation in the Vanguard and Punch newspapers, selected because of their extensivecoverage on ridesharing victimisation. The data were thematically analysed. The 30 ridesharing drivers were male. Of these, 18 worked on full-time, while 12 worked on part-time basis. Cash-dominated payment system, working late at night and the type of cars used by ridesharing drivers exposed them to victimisation from crime-motivated riders. The drivers experienced violent attacks from crime-motivated riders, resulting in loss of cars, phones and money. They also sustained bodily injuries, while some of their colleagues died in the process. Despite reported victimisation of ridesharing drivers, ridesharing companies were reported to have done little or nothing to secure the lives and valuables of their drivers who had suffered varying degrees of victimisation. Although,ridesharing companies reported that there were security measures put in place, such as the rating system and insurance, the ridesharing drivers noted that these measures were insufficient to protect them from crime-motivated riders. The police statedthat installing security camera in ridesharing cars would be helpful in deterring crime-motivated riders and enhance the safety of drivers.
Criminal victimisation of ridesharing drivers manifested in the form of physical injury, loss of lives, and dispossession of valuables. Drivers should avoid crime hot-spots and timing of their operation while ridesharing companies should install tracking devices on their cars
Ergonomic risk assessment of Nigerian teaching personnel: cases of a secondary school and a tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFEducators often spend a lot of time carrying out repetitive motions of the upper limbs and prolonged standing on a daily basis, exposing them to hours of ergonomic risks. This is due to awkward postures, caused by significant deviation of some major body members from the normal neutral positions. Poor ergonomics can lead to various Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which are of serious concern for workplace safety, especially in jobs that require repetitive motions. It thus became necessary to assess the stress level associated with teaching postures and the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. In this study, ergonomic assessment of teaching personnel at an International Secondary School and University of Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted to determine the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. The study utilised two ergonomic assessment tools- Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) to gather qualitative and quantitative data about posture and motions during teaching activities. It was discovered that both university lecturers and secondary school teachers in Nigeria face significant ergonomic risks, primarily in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Further comparison revealed that educators in the secondary school experienced higher severity of musculoskeletal discomfort and exposure to MSD risks, compared to those in the tertiary institution. The educators of the International School had an average REBA score of 4.57, while those at the University of Ibadan had a score of 3.73. These scores indicated amedium level of MSD risk for both groups, but the educators of the International School were at a higher risk. On comparing the CMDQ outcome, it was discovered that there were major differences in the regions where discomforts were reported. While secondary school revealed higher average scores in the neck, right shoulder, and left shoulder regions, and with the neck region having a mean score of 7.003; right shoulder having a mean score of 4.550; and left shoulder having a mean score of 1.600; outcome from University of Ibadan revealed higher mean scores in the lower back and left wrist regions, with the lower back region having a mean score of 7.450 and left wrist region having a mean score of 1.030. These scores indicated a mild to moderate level of discomfort for both groups, with each facing major discomfort in unique body regions. This research highlights the significance of ergonomic evaluation and the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to identify potential interventions
Appraise the cognitive alertness of night shift worker: case of bottling company operators in central Northern Nigeria
Get PDFNight shift, a common work schedule in 24-hour production companies has been posing some after-effects on workers’ health, ranging from physical to psychological, and lack of response to these effects could result in cognitive deficiencies for workers and increased downtime for organisations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the night shift on the response time of workers to digital visual stimuli as compared to the day shift. Twenty-two shift operators from a bottling line between the ages of 25 and 35 years were subjected to psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) using an android PVT application (Versor-PVT Version 1.03) to assess their response times to visual stimuli and analysed using the SPSS software to determine the data distribution, skewness, and kurtosis. Based on the determined data distribution, Wilcoxon signed rank test (WSRT) was utilised to determine the level of significance of the differences between the two of them. The recorded minimum and maximum average response times for post-day and post-night shifts respectively were: 609.94 ms and 733.64 ms; 644.56 ms and 944.17 ms. Results clearly showed that night shift has significant negative impact on the response time of tested operators, such as delayed ability to respond to situations, including fault rectification, thus causing safety concern, and reducing productivity. In conclusion, additional cost is imminently incurred on the part of the organisation in settling medical bills and compensations. The WSRT analysis indicated that there is 95% probability of generating similar results on repeating the experiment under same conditions
Arabic education in Nigerian universities: the university of Ibadan as a model
No full textThis research aimed to shed light on the reality of Arabic education in Nigerian universities, with a special focus on what distinguishes the Department of Arabic Language and Islamic Studies at the University of Ibadan, which is considered the oldest scientific facility in this land. This excavation was carried out by investigating the stages through which Arabic activities passed through, and it explained its educational trends, which are not adopted by other Nigerian universities, especially with regard to teaching foreign languages. While the University of Ibadan was a British product, the establishment of subsequent universities was up to the Nigerian government. The research adopted the historical and inductive approach and concluded that the Nigerian universities that conduct Arabic programmes responded in their Arabic education to purely Arab trends, while the educational policy of the University of Ibadan was rooted in the ideologies of the colonialists since the dawn of its inception and continues despite the introduction of multiple developments to the university and its systems. This situation cannot be changed except by amending the university's educational policy left behind by the British colonization of the country and upon which the university was founded
Teachers’ perception of social studies as a pedagogical tool for citizenship transformation and positive change in new Nigeria
No full textSocial Studies is a subject designed for knowledge, skills and values acquisition to transform citizens to become agents of change in their immediate and global environment. This study investigated teachers’ perception of Social Studies as a pedagogical tool for Citizenship transformation and positive change in new Nigeria. It was guided by three hypotheses. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population consisted of 166 Social Studies teachers from 47 public secondary schools in Ogbomoso. A total of 118 Social Studies teachers was sampled using purposive sampling technique. Teachers’ Perception of Social Studies Curriculum Questionnaire (TPSSCQ) with reliability coefficient of 0.98 was used for data collection. Percentage and Independent t- test was used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that Social Studies curriculum content is a pedagogical tool suitable for citizenship transformation and positive change in new Nigeria. Based on these findings it was recommended that, Social Studies teachers in secondary schools should be sensitized on how to transform citizens through Social Studies contents to become agents of positive change in Nigeria
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Diversity and its implications for human and wildlife health and Conservation – A review
Get PDFIt is clear that the global environment has changed and is still changing. The results of climate change, pollution, human use, and misuse of natural resources are tolling on humans and global biodiversity. The appropriate response(s) to these changes can be attributed to the efficacy of the immune system. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) has a key role in maintaining global biodiversity in the face of obvious threats. Genetic variation, especially those within MHC proteins has been known to influence the ability of individuals to cope with various pathogens. In this review, we reveal from empirical research, the diversities within the MHC in wildlife, highlight the importance of MHC to wildlife and human health, emphasize the need to conserve MHC diversity for adequate conservation, and open a discussion on whether the interplay between the MHC genes and disease resistance is a question of quantity or quality. For most jawed vertebrates, classical MHC genes are the most gene-dense and polymorphic. This polymorphism in the MHC genes can be explained by host-pathogen coevolution and provides an excellent tool for determining a population's or species' immunological fitness. Their variation is undoubtedly adaptively important, and there is strong evidence that pathogen-imposed balancing selection is the primary cause of its maintenance. Over the years, variants in the MHC have been reported as major risk factors for autoimmune and infectious diseases in humans
and wildlife species of conservation concern. It has been observed that, though high diversity within the MHC proffers some protection for most natural populations, this seems not to be universal. The influence of this high diversity on the survival of natural populations should be further investigated. As the debate lingers, there is a dire need to protect the present diversity at the locus. This will definitely play a very important role in maintaining the health of both humans and animals and ensuring the conservation of biodiversity in response to the inevitable changes in our world
Flow and heat transfer characteristics in channels with piriform dimples and protrusions
No full textThe flow and heat transfer behaviour of channels with dimples and protrusions of spherical and piriform shapes was numerically explored by solving the Navier-Stokes and energy equations with a CFD software, the ANSYS Fluent 19.3, in the range of Reynolds numbers from 8,500 to 59,000. The values of the Nusselt number and friction factors were estimated and the non-dimensional Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC) was determined to measure the thermal-hydraulic performance. The results reveal that the piriform protruded channel demonstrated a higher thermal performance with Nusselt number values of 36%, 15%, 23%, and 9% than the smooth, spherical dimpled, piriform dimpled, and spherical protruded channels, respectively. This indicates that heat transfer is enhanced by the turbulent mixing caused by the roughened surfaces of the channels. Nevertheless, the smooth channel had the lowest pressure drop with the friction factor of 20%, 7%, 21% and 27% less than that of spherical dimpled, piriform dimpled, spherical protruded, and piriform protruded channels, respectively. In the Reynolds number range, lower Nusselt number ratios and friction factor ratios were observed in the piriform dimpled channel compared to other enhanced-surface channels. The overall performance based on the thermal-hydraulic analysis indicated that the channel with piriform protrusions performed better with the highest PEC value of 3.77 times higher than the smooth-surface channel