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Combustion characteristics of briquettes produced from three binders and torrefied gmelina arborea (robx.) sawdust
No full textConsidering the energy potential of briquettes, there are several undesired harmful qualities such as intense yellow flame and smoke. Torrefaction was deemed a suitable technological solution, therefore, the study investigated the combustion properties of briquettes made from Gmelina arborea sawdust and three binders used print paper (UPP), newsprint (Np) and clay (CL). Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted using a hydraulic press and a biomass stove. The 3 torrefied feedstock samples (TS 30, TS 45 and TS 60 min) were mixed with binders at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% w/w at 1.67 kPa applied pressure and 5 min residence period to produce briquettes. The results were statistically analyzed at significance level using ANOVA. Results: Briquette densities decreased with an increase in torrefaction time with strong positive correlations between densities of the same binder type, concentration and torrefaction time. An increase in binder concentration enhanced the combustion characteristics of UPP and Np briquettes positively, with significant negative effects on CL briquettes. Torrefied used printing paper briquette burns with non-luminous flame and reduced smokiness as binder concentration increases, while newsprints briquette produced excessive smokes. Briquettes produced from used printing papers at 45 min torrefaction had better performances in terms of energy values, product flammability and reduced smokiness. Clay-bonded briquettes had delayed ignition 7-10 min and failed to burn with flame, rather than by char combustion. Conclusion: Torrefaction time, binder type and concentration had significant positive effects on the combustion characteristics. Clay had poor effects on combustion characteristics
A thesis in the Department of Special Education Submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textPsychological well-being, a core feature of mental health that describes an individual’s emotional state, is an indication for good quality of life. Reports show that many pupils with mild intellectual disability in the south-west, Nigeria usually experience deficits in psychological well-being. Previous studies focused more on the acquisition of functional academic and adaptive skills of Pupils with Mild Intellectual Disability (PsMID) than on socio-personal factors (self-esteem, social competence, loneliness and aggression) influencing their psychological well-being. This study, therefore, was carried out to investigate the socio-personal factors (self-esteem, social competence, loneliness, home background, depression, aggression and anxiety) as predictors of psychological well-being of pupils with mild intellectual disability in the South-west, Nigeria. Ryff’s Psychological Well-being and Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural theories provided the framework, while the study adopted the descriptive design of the correlational type. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used. The six states in the south-west, Nigeria were enumerated. The purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 28 government-owned primary special schools within the six states. Based on the Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised, 350 PsMID with intelligence quotient of 52-68 were selected. The instruments used were Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised (r=0.86), Home Background Questionnaire (r=0.75), Self-esteem (r=0.75), Social Competence (r=0.90), Loneliness (r=0.83), Depression (r=0.75), Aggression (r=0.72), Anxiety (r=0.87) and Psychological Well-being (r=0.75) rating scales. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and Multiple regression at 0.05 level of significance. The respondents’ age was 14.48±3.43 years, and 53.4% were male. The respondents’ states of residence were Oyo (38.9%); Osun (20.3%); Lagos (18.9%); Ogun (8.0%); Ekiti (7.1%) and Ondo (6.9%). The respondents’ levels of aggression (x ̅=2.57) and self-esteem (x ̅=2.55) were high against the threshold of 2.50, as well as their levels of anxiety (x ̅=1.97) and social competence (x ̅=2.20) against the threshold of 1.50 respectively; while their levels of loneliness (x ̅ =2.43) and depression (x ̅=2.31), were low against the threshold of 2.50. Social competence (r = 0.23) had a significant positive relationship, while loneliness (r = -0.18) had a significant negative relationship with psychological well-being of PsMID. There was a significant joint contribution of the independent variables (self-esteem, social competence, loneliness, home background, depression, aggression and anxiety) to the psychological well-being of PsMID (F (7; 342) = 4.85; Adj. R2 = 0.072), accounting for 7.2% of its variance. Social competence (β=0.22), loneliness (β= -0.17), and aggression (β=0.12) had significant contributions to the prediction of psychological well-being of PsMID. Social competence positively influenced the psychological well-being of pupils with mild intellectual disability in the south-west, Nigeria, while loneliness negatively influenced their psychological well-being. Special educators, caregivers, parents and school administrators should pay attention to these factors to ensure optimal psychological well-being among pupils with mild intellectual disability
Attributes and ecological potentials of dumpsite flora in the peri-urban area of Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFDumpsites are spaces used disposal of urban and peri-urban wastes. Their public health concern has not made them to be adequately explored for positive potentials in Nigeria. This study investigated the the floristic structure and comparative potential of a dumpsite with arable farms for conservation and phytoremediation. The study was conducted at a 10-hectare peri-urban Lapite dumpsite (N 07o34.121ʹ, E 003o54.857ʹ) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; and three arable farmlands (Control) located 200 m-300 m away from Dumpsite. Stratified sampling was conducted using 414 quadrats (each 1m2) in five strata of dumpsite, and a systematic sampling of flora of farms with 263 quaddrats in 21 transects laid 5 m apart. Data were collected on species composition, abundance,density and frequency of occurence. They were subjected to analysis of Relative importance value (RIV), density, and multivariate analysis. Species with phytoremediation potentials were identified. Ninety one species of herbaceous flora in 33 families and 99 species in 38 families were enumerated on the dumpsite and farmlands respectively. Solanum nigrum L., Tridax procumbens Linn., Amaranthus spinosus Linn., Laportea aestuans (Linn.) chew., Acalypha fimbriata Schum. & Thonn., and Lufa cylindrica Mill were the most dominant species on the dumpsite with RIVs of 8.40, 8.17, 7.54, 7.21, 6.38 and 5.79 respectively. Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss., Tridax procumbens L., Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Spermacoce ocymoides Burm f., and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray were most dominant on farmlands with RIVs of 13.74, 7.05, 6.60, 6.07, and 5.57 respectively. Dumpsite flora had higher diversity (H`=3.501) than control plots (H`=3.294). The dominance value (0.0486) was low compared to the control farms (0.07131). The lora of the two sites were grouped by habitatt preference.Higher species diversity and pervasive presence of invasive Tridax procumbens linn., Laportea aestuans (Linn.) chew., and Lufa cylindrica Mill. On dumpsite indicated potentials for phytoremediation, and candidacy as functional groups and bio-indicators of ecosystem health
Nutritional Vulnerability Transitions among Rural Households in Nigeria
Get PDFAims: It has long been considered that specific age/gender groups, such as women and children, are predisposed to nutritional vulnerability. Thus, nutritional vulnerability among agricultural households is neglected and understudied. This study aims at an empirical assessment of nutritional vulnerability dynamics among rural households in Nigeria. Study Design: Secondary data used for this study was waves 2 and 3 of the general household survey panel data. The sampling design consisted of two stages of sampling: the selection of enumeration areas based on probability proportionate to the size of the enumeration areas and the systematic random selection of ten households from each enumeration area. There were 3370 households selected in rural areas and 1630 households selected in urban areas. 2090 rural households with the required information for this study were included in the analysis. Methodology: Descriptive statistics, nutritional vulnerability score, logit regression model, Markov model, and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyse nutritional vulnerability transitions among rural households in Nigeria. Results: Nutritionally vulnerable households in rural Nigeria include those with aged heads, little or no formal education, limited assets, and no access to land or credit. Nutritional vulnerability in rural Nigeria is primarily transient, with around two-fifths of households experiencing transient nutritional vulnerability and nearly one-third experiencing chronic nutritional vulnerability. While the age of the household head, tertiary education, and access to credit all had a substantial impact on transient nutritional vulnerability, gender, tertiary education, asset value, and access to credit all had an impact on chronic nutritional vulnerability. Conclusion: Support mechanisms such as initiatives to promote access to healthy food, credit, land, and education are critical. To successfully address the issues affecting the nutrition and health of persons facing vulnerabilities, social welfare programs with interventions based on the characteristics of each vulnerable group and the predisposing factors should be adopted
Social support and counselling as determinants of quality of life among secondary school adolescents with hearing impairment in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textAdolescents with hearing impairment experience grievous psychological and emotional problems due to their hearing defect, culminating in their poor quality of life. Earlier studies in this direction have not done much. This study, therefore, examined the influence of social support and counselling on the quality of life among secondary school adolescents with hearing impairment in Ibadan, utilising the descriptive survey research design of correlational type for carrying out the study, while the purposive sampling technique was used to select sixty (60) respondents. The instruments used were structured questionnaire tagged ‘Social Support and Counselling Questionnaire (r = 0.64) and Students with Hearing Impairment Quality of Life Questionnaire (0.86) while four research questions were answered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Multiple Regression Analysis. Social support (r = 906*, p <0.05) and counselling (r = 368*, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with the quality of life of adolescents with hearing impairment. Social support and counselling predicted improved quality of life of adolescents with hearing impairment (F(2 57) = 226.583, p < 0.05) and accounted for about 89% of the total variance to the dependent variable. The relative contributions of the independent variables to the quality of life of adolescents with hearing impairment are as follows: social support (b = 0.874), and counselling (b = 0.261). Social support and counselling are important factors that influence the quality of life of adolescents with hearing impairment. Therefore, parents, teachers, government at all levels and other relevant stakeholders are enjoined to ensure adequate provision of social support and counselling to improve the quality of life of adolescents with hearing impairment
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MINERAL, PETROLEUM, ENERGY ECONOMICS AND LAW (DMPEEL) IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textNigeria depends on fossil fuel-based source of electricity. Despite abundant renewable energy resources endowment, it has failed to harness and deploy that into the national grid for boosting electricity generation and the country achieving the target energy-mix in the power sector. The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) issued Regulations on Feed In Tariff (REFIT) for Renewable Energy Sourced Electricity in 2015, pursuant to which 13 Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) were executed in 2016. Notwithstanding the intendment of the government policies, the REFIT and the PPAs have not materialised. Existing studies on the REFIT 2015 have not examined the legal issues responsible for the non-implementation of the 13 PPAs. This study therefore, examined the legal and contractual ramework for REFIT in Nigeria. Public Interest Theory provided the framework, while doctrinal and qualitative methods were adopted. Primary data were obtained from the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (Sections 12, 14 and 16), Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) 2005, REFIT Regulation 2015, NERC Multi Year Tariff Order 2008 and 2012 and the PPAs. Key informant interviews were conducted with two of officials of NERC (Manager Legal and Licencing Unit), and one each of Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (General Counsel) and the Independent Power Producers (IPPs) (Legal Officer, Anjeen Solar). Legal analyses were drawn from the Constitution and the EPSRA, while a narrative approach based on the thematic area of renewable electricity was used to analyse the qualitative data. Data were subjected to content and jurisprudential analysis. The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission made the REFIT 2015 pursuant to Sections 32 and 96 EPSRA, which set out a renewable energy on-grid electricity target of 2000MW by 2020. However, the legal issues in the execution and implementation of the policy, regulatory
and contractual framework have affected the deployment of renewable energy technology for on-grid electricity. Although 13 PPAs were executed by NBET and the IPPs for the development of 13 solar power plants, Clause 1 of the PPAs enjoined parties to execute necessary financial documents, such as Put-Call-Options Agreements (PCOAs) and Partial Risk Guarantee Agreements (PRGA) and required approvals obtained before the PPAs could
be enforced. The Federal Government refused to execute the PCOAs with the IPPs, due to disputes regarding the applicable tariff. The PCOAs were later signed for two PPAs, but the requisite approval was not obtained from the Attorney General of the Federation. International Financial Institutions also reneged on executing the PRGA due to the liquidity crisis in the power sector. The foregoing prevented the PPAs from reaching financial closure. As a result, investors were discouraged from investing in renewable electricity technology in Nigeria. The efforts of Nigerian government to boost electricity generation and achieve the target energy-mix and tariff structure have not been realised due to the regulatory impediments that have made it impossible to implement the 13 PPAs. Government agencies should honour contractual obligation and comply with established regulations
Physico-chemical, thermal and micro-structural characterization of four common banana pseudo- stem fiber cultivars in nigeria
No full textThis study explores Banana pseudo-stem fiber (BPSF) derived from BPF cultivars that are common in Nigeria. The four cultivars are known locally as Agbagba, Omini, Panbola, and Paranta. This study characterized these cultivars to gain insight into their physical, thermal and microstructural properties. The BPSFs were obtained after manual BPS retting and treated with a 2 wt. % sodium hydroxide solution to improve the fiber quality. Data from the characterization revealed the agbagba cultivar to give the highest percentage recovery (3%) and thermal stability at elevated temperatures with a residual char of 14%. The percentage of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, and ash content were determined by chemical composition analysis. FTIR spectroscopy showed a lower lignin and hemicellulose absorption band in the agbagba cultivar while scanning electron microscopy supported the FTIR results. Agabagba’s crystallinity index (XRD) of 61.7% was higher than other cultivars, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and a biodegradation test also showed that only agbagba cultivar contained calcium and had the strongest resilience to microbial attack under simulated soil conditions. Agbagba BPSF may be a viable reinforcement in bio-fiber polymer composites needing high strength due to its balanced qualities that have been demonstrated in comparison to other cultivars
A DISSERTATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES, SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA
No full textThe Christian idea of Servant Leadership (SL), which connotes honouring God and serving humanity (John 13:1-5), is germane to political leadership globally, Nigeria inclusive. Existing studies on leadership concentrated largely on its types, styles and qualities, with scant attention paid to the Christian concept of SL in relation to politics in Oyo State. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the concept of SL from a Christian perspective in the context of political leadership in Oyo State. This was with a view to determining its nature and applicability to governance in the state. Robert Greenleaf’s Theory of Leadership was adopted as the framework, while the phenomenological design was used. The three senatorial districts in Oyo State were enumerated. Convenience sampling was employed to select from each senatorial districts of the local governments: Oyo South (Ibadan North and Ido), Oyo Central (Oyo West and Surulere) and Oyo North (Iseyin and Kajola). In-depth interviews were conducted with 120 purposively selected respondents (60 Christian politicians, 30 members of the clergy and 30 Christians representing the general public across the senatorial districts) based on their involvement in politics in the state. Six sessions of focus group discussions were held with the participants. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. The Christian concept of SL emphasises love for one’s neighbour as oneself, which is central to all laws (Mark 12: 31-32); justice, an important value to liberal political ideal in the fairness of judgment (Amos 5:24); and tolerance, accommodating contrary opinions and giving equal opportunity (2Tessallonians 3: 6-12). The concept stresses transparency, which should manifest in project execution and policy implementation (Nehemiah 5:14-16); and patriotism, which is genuine commitment to the well-being of one’s country and her people (Romans 13: 1-5). Since the creation of Oyo State in 1976, Christians have held many positions of authority, such as governor, deputy governor, speaker of the state assembly and commissioners. Commenting on the governance in the state, Christian politician respondents claimed that, despite the significant involvement of Christians in the state politics, the political atmosphere was laden with negative values, such as selfishness, greed and hatred, which contradict love. There was injustice in the distribution of amenities, as opposed to justice, as well as insensitivity to political differences and opinions, in contradistinction to tolerance; this led to political violence and insecurity. Members of the clergy submitted that there was also alleged corruption in the form of misappropriation and embezzlement of funds, which tainted transparency and engendered inept administration. Nonchalant attitude to development and people’s welfare, in disregard for patriotism, were also identified by the other respondent - Christians representing the general public. All this, culminated in infrastructure decay, like bad roads, schools and hospital facilities across the state, high level of poverty, unemployment, as well as a threat to human value well-being.Contrary to the Christian values inherent in servant leadership, many of the Christians holding political positions in Oyo State did not deploy efficiently those values to foster a favourable political atmosphere in the stat
Potential graduates’ knowledge, readiness, and disposition to 21st century employability skills in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria
No full textThe interplay between knowledge acquisition, readiness for practical application, and the disposition of graduates towards developing and utilizing these skills is of paramount importance in the 21st1 century world of works. This study assessed potential graduates ’ knowledge, readiness, and disposition to 21st century employability skills at the University of Ibadan (UI). The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised all undergraduate students in the university. Out of 17 faculties, balloting mechanism was used to select 12 faculties. A purposive technique was used to select 590 students. A questionnaire termed Potential Graduates Employability Skills (PGES) with four subsections, was used for data collection. A descriptive statistic of percentage, frequency count, mean and standard deviation were used to analysed data collected. Result revealed that potential graduates ' knowledge was average, readiness level was high and disposition to 21st century was positive. The findings shed light on the significance of cultivating a proactive mindset, adaptability, and a commitment to continuous learning as potential graduates of the 21s' century. Furthermore, there is need for educational institutions and policymakers to prioritize the integration of 21st century employability skills within curricula, foster culture that encourages graduates’ development of these skills. Critical curriculum reforms and pedagogical innovations to enhance students’ knowledge, readiness and foster a positive disposition towards acquiring the essential skills demanded by the modern workforce is necessary at this material time
