UISpace (University of Ibadan)
Not a member yet
10917 research outputs found
Sort by
A Thesis in the Department of Sociology Submitted to the Faculty of the SocialSciencesinpartialfulfilment of the requirements for the Degree ofDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ofthe UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textGlobally, workplace technology, the utilisation of equipment in organisations to execute tasks toincrease productivity and efficiency, has led to exponential revolution in work processes and hastremendously enhanced organisational productivity.InNigeria,particularly in food andbeverageindustry, technology has brought innovations with implications for work variables. Previous studies on workplace technology have focused on organisational productivity. However, scanty attention has been paid to the influence of workplace technology, especially on job satisfaction and commitment. This study investigated the levels of technology across workplace units and their influence on job skill, alienation, satisfaction and commitment in Nestle Societe Anonyme (S.A.)and Nigeria Brewery (NB) Plc., Lagos, Nigeria. Labour Process and Alienation theories provided a framework. A cross-sectional survey design was employed and data were collected using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nestle S.A. and NB Plc., Lagos were purposively selected being the largest food and beverage conglomerates in Nigeria. Stratified sampling was used to select permanent staff across all cadres of both firms. A total of 447 respondents were drawn using Yamane’s (1967) sample size determination formula. Simple random sampling was used to proportionately administer questionnaire on 305 permanent staff in Nestle and 142 in NB. Thirty-eight (38) in-depth interviews were conducted with Units’ Heads: Nestle (18) NB (20). Burawoy’s (1985) model of classification of technological levels into low, medium and high was adopted. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA at p≤0.05, while qualitative data were content-analysed. The respondents’ mean age was 32.41±1.0 years, 58.2% were males, 75.0% attained tertiary education in both organisations. Low technological level units: Nestle (3.2%) while NB (19.1%); medium technological level units: Nestle (71.7%) while NB (63.8%) and high technological level units: Nestle (25.0%) while NB (12.1%). Workplace technology differently influenced job skill across the three technological level units (low: 66.75, medium: 67.81 and high: 60.30) and was statistically significant in Nestle S.A.Workplace technology differently influenced job alienation across the three technological level units (low: 33.86, medium: 35.82 and high: 37.35) and was statistically insignificant in NB Plc. Workplace technology differently influenced job satisfaction across the three technological level units (low: 45.42, medium: 43.34 and high: 41.38) and was statistically significant in Nestle S.A. Workplace technology differently influenced job commitment across the three technological level units (low: 18.58, medium: 18.65 and high: 16.37) and was statistically significant in Nestle S.A.Technological transition decreased job skill. Departure from low-speed line to high-speed line and Information and Technology-support equipment decreased job alienation. Evolution of food and beverage analysers from manual to semi-automation and full-automation decreased job satisfaction and job commitment. Workplace technology decreased job skill, satisfaction and commitment in Nestle and Nigeria Brewery but alienation was not established in both organisations. Therefore, workers’ adaptation to the emerging challenges from workplace technology should be facilitated through capacity-building programmes
Performance of briquettes produced from sawdust of gmelina arborea and montmorillonite clay as binder
Get PDFClay had been used as binders in briquetting research activities, however their performance characterization in terms of quality and combustion have not been clearly evaluated or reported. This study therefore provide a qualitative evaluation of briquettes produced using sawdust of Gmelina arborea and montmorillonite clay. Sun-dried sawdust (~9% moisture contents) obtained from sawmills in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State were mixed with processed clay samples collected from earthen pot mould sites characterized, then used in briquette production using five mixing ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, & 50:50 (weight/weight)% and standard test procedures for characterization. Data were analyzed using SPSS at p< 0.05 significance levels. The quality characteristics of clay briquettes compared favourably with other binder types with an increase in performance as binder concentration increases. The briquettes combustion performance in air and stove are significantly affected by the agglomerated non-combustible clay particle impregnating the biomass matrix. Best combustion performance occurred at 10% binder concentration with no significant value-addition to ignition time, flame combustion and heating values. Above 10% binder addition, briquettes failed self-ignition, flame combustion, and retarded char combustion tests. This implied clay is a poor performing binder and the associated briquette are combustibly poor
Enhancing secondary school students' achievement in chemistry using explicit embedded and activity-based reflective strategies
Get PDFThis paper determined the effects of explicit embedded and activity-based reflective strategies on secondary school students' achievement in chemistry in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State. The study comprised of Senior Secondary School II (SS2) chemistry students selected from six randomly selected secondary schools. Intact of SS2 chemistry classes were used in the study. The instruments used to collect data were Students' Organic Chemistry Achievement Test (r=0.80) and instructional guides. Data collected were subjected to the Analysis of covariance at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that there was significant main effect of treatment on students’ achievement in Chemistry (F(2,103>-225.97; p<0.05, partial η2=0.81). The participants in Activity- based Reflective Strategy (x= 16.86) performed better than their counterparts in Explicit Embedded Reflective Strategy (ẋ =15.33), and Conventional Strategy (ẋ =5.73). It was therefore recommended that explicit-embedded and activity-based reflective learning strategies should be adopted by the teachers in order to enhance their achievement in chemistry
Students' Perception of 'Pidgin English' as a Medium of Instruction in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study assessed students' perception of 'Pidgin English' (PE) as a medium of instruction in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria particularly in the context of multi-ethnic enclave prevalent in local government area. The study was prompted because this has not been explored by previous studies which had focused on the use of Nigerian Pidgin English by students while neglecting their perception and attitude to PE as medium of communication. The mixed methods design (qualitative and quantitative) was adopted because it allowed for data triangulation. Simple random sampling was used in selecting 10 schools in Akinyele LGA and 30 students from each Students' perception (r= 0.72) and Attitude (r=0.74) to PE scales as well as Interview Guide were used for data collection. Findings revealed that students had positive perception of pidgin English (x̄ = 2.89;2,5); also, there is positive attitude to pidgin English (x̄ = 2.98; 2.5). Based on these findings, it is therefore recommended that Nigerian Pidgin English should be allowed as medium of instruction
Principals' Perspectives on Teachers' Creativity in English Language Classroom: A Blind Spot in English Language Education in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the views of selected school principals through in-depth interview on the extent to which English Language teachers exhibited creativity in their classroom practices. The findings of this study highlighted a pressing need for addressing the deficiency in creative teaching among teachers, which directly impacts students' engagement and learning of English Language. While it cannot be controverted that English Language teacher preparation programme in Nigeria produce dedicated and well-qualified teachers, many of these teachers lack creativity in English Language teaching. This is a blind spot in the teaching ofEnglish language that needs attention. Many past studies concentrated more on English Language teachers' lesson preparation and delivery than deployment of creativity as a way of increasing levels of learning outcomes on the part of learners and preparing them with the flexible skills they need for the future. Recommendations were made to inform policy interventions and professional development initiatives, geared towards enhancing the quality of English Language education in Nigeria
Urban decay and traffic load on highway in Nigeria: a study of Ibadan-Oyo road
No full textThis study investigates traffic load as a cause of urban decay and failure on a highway in Nigeria, using Ibadan-Oyo road as a case study. This study identifies road failure as a major city nightmare that affects the well-being of urban dwellers in the study area. The Ibadan-Oyo road is a segment of the major road intersection that connects the southern part of Nigeria with the north. The methodology for this study involves a well-structured questionnaire administered to road users to elicit primary data on the factors and effects of urban decay due to traffic load. A total of 100 Questionnaires were randomly distributed among the road users (vehicular and pedestrians) of the Ibadan-Oyo road. In all, 92 questionnaires were returned. These were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (R.I.I) and basic statistical tools, to better understand the trend of responses. The results from the study show the factors that enable traffic load and failure include the road as a major route to various parts of the country, not obeying driving laws, poor driving habits, and poor/absence of road pavements. The stress of heavy vehicles on the Ibadan-Oyo road also proves to be a major factor which leads to incessant failure of the road, even after maintenance or reconstruction has been carried out. The failure of this urban infrastructure and the poor road networks leads to many accidents, acute vehicular fuel consumption, waste of time, breakdown of vehicles and road rage. To drastically reduce the impact of infrastructural decay and failure on highways, this study suggests the following: construction of separate routes for trucks and other heavy vehicles, provision of various parks along travel routes for heavy vehicles, and use of a weighing bridge to regulate the range of axle load, replacement of flexible paving with a more rigid design for increased strength and road life span, proper rehabilitation and reconstruction of the failed segment, provision of an alternate railway system to convey heavy goods and also reduce the stress on road transport, in-depth training of vehicle drivers and traffic personnel and lastly, enlargement of the road width
Evaluation of physicians’ knowledge of deprescribing, deprescribing tools and assessment of factors affecting deprescribing process.
No full textBackground Polypharmacy is a common global health concern in the older population. Deprescribing has been acknowledged as an important aspect of medication use review that helps to reduce polypharmacy, inappropriate medication uses and medication adverse events, thus ensuring medication optimization and improving health related quality of life. As physicians are primarily responsible for prescribing and monitoring of drug therapy, their perception of deprescribing and knowledge of available deprescribing tools is highly important. This study aimed to explore physicians’ knowledge of deprescribing, deprescribing tools and factors that may affect the deprescribing process.
Methods This was a cross-sectional survey carried out among 70 physicians in selected units of a teaching hospital in Nigeria between May and June 2022. Social-demographic information, knowledge of deprescribing and deprescribing tools were obtained using a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire, while barriers and enablers of medication deprescribing were assessed with modified Revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) Questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS and α was set at p < 0.05.
Results Most of the physicians (56; 80.0%) were aware of the term “deprescribing” and had good knowledge (53;75.7%) of the steps to deprescribing. However, (16; 22.9%) respondents knew of the deprescribing tools, of this, (5;31.3%) were aware of Beers criteria and STOPP/START criteria. Awareness of the term “deprescribing” was significantly associated with knowledge of deprescribing steps (p = 0.012), while knowledge of deprescribing tools was significantly
associated with; awareness of the term “deprescribing” (p = 0.029), and daily encounters with older multimorbid patients (p = 0.031). Very important factor affecting physicians deprescribing decisions include benefit of the medication. The most common barrier is lack of information for a full clinical picture of the patient.
Conclusion The physicians had good knowledge of the term “deprescribing” and the steps to deprescribing. Specific measures to target the barriers faced by the physicians in deprescribing medications and policies to implement physicians use of existing guidelines to facilitate their deprescribing decisions are essential
DATA FOR ASSESSMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS' AND STUDENTS' PRACTICES RELATED TO COVID-19 IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textCOVID-19 is a disease caused by a virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS – CoV-2) which affected all sectors of human endeavours (including the education sector) globally and resulted in the loss of lives. Owing to this, the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020, declared the disease a global pandemic. In the same vein, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) disseminated requisite information on appropriate practices relating to the disease to its populace. This study is therefore designed to assess senior secondary school Biology teachers’ and students’ practices related to COVID-19 in Oyo State, Nigeria.
The study adopted a descriptive research survey design with two research questions, and one research hypothesis. The sample size of the study included 620 Biology students (31 students per school) and 20 Biology teachers (1 teacher per school) from 20 senior secondary schools across 5 five Local Government Areas in Oyo State. Two research instruments were used to collect data from respondents, these were Teachers’ Practices related to COVID-19 Test (r = 0.9), and Students’ Practices related to COVID-19 Test (r = 0.85). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as per centage (%), mean, and standard deviation; and inferential statistics such as Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient.
This study revealed that there were high levels of Biology teachers’ and students’ proactive practices (74.11% and 62.68% respectively) related to COVID-19 that had a strong positive relationship which is significant (r = 0.69; p<0.05) between them.
Conclusively, the study revealed that teachers’ and students’ participants had good practices related to COVID-19. It is an assurance that the participants were proactively prepared in relation to the disease if there should be a resurgence.
To improve on the current state of Biology teachers’ and students’ preparedness it was therefore recommended that the government should innovate the current senior secondary school Biology curriculum by including contents that will appreciably help teacher and students have necessary knowledge on protective practices regarding the viruses; train teachers on COVID-19; and include Information and Communication Technology in all public schools’ academic activities