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The use of innovative teaching strategies: a paradigm shift in english language teacher preparation
Full text linkThis paper highlights the importance of innovative strategies in English language classrooms. The paper also identifies areas of teaching deficiencies of teachers. Furthermore, the paper describes classroom and professional tools that will best equip English language teachers and explains, from the available literature, how PD can facilitate the effective use of ITS in English language and literature classrooms. Given the emerging trend in the classroom practices, the writers believe that teachers in today's modern classrooms need more training and professional support to improve their pedagogical knowledge and capacity. It was recommended, among others, that teachers should avail themselves of the opportunity for professional development by attending workshops and conferences, especially those that focus on the use of innovative strategies
AThesis in the Department of SociologySubmitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of theRequirements for the Degree ofDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYof theUNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textVesicovaginal Fistula (VVF), an uncontrollable leakage of urine through the vaginal, is a global public health problem associated with maternal death. In Nigeria, it is a common gynaecological issue associated with marital disruption and social exclusion. Studies on VVF have mainly focused on its biomedical aspects with scant attention given to the social factors associated with the condition, especially in and stateshere there are availabiy of well-established VVF Centres for patient referrals. This studytherefore, examined the determinants, community perception, prevalence, treatment pathways and factors influencing care and support for VVF in Ebonyi and Plateau states.
The Ecological Model of Health provided the framework. A mixed-methods approach comprising a comparative cross-sectional survey design was adopted. A sample of 695 respondents: Ebonyi (324) and Plateau (371) states were drawn using Cochran’s (1977) formula. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to administer semi-structured questionnaire to community members to elicit information on community perception and socio-economic consequences of VVF. Hospital Records (Ebonyi (136) and Plateau (381) states) were used to generate information on the prevalence and determinants of VVF. Key Informant interviews were conducted with four gynaecologists and four nurses. In-depth interviews (20 from each state) and case studies (4 from each state) were conducted with VVF patients to elicit information on treatment pathways, and care and support. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Logistic Regression at p≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed.
The respondents’ age was 34.22±10.27 years; 78.6% were married and 40.7% attained secondary education. The major determinants of VVF included obstetrics complications (86.1%), congenital (1.0%) and prolonged labour (0.6%). Eight per cent had negative perception about VVF patients, but those in Plateau were six times (OR=5.56) more likely to hold negative perceptions of VVF patients than those in Ebonyi State. Prevalence of VVF was 12.2 (Ebonyi) and 23.7 (Plateau) per 100,000 women; and these were significantly related to age at child delivery (x2=20.19), parity (x2=27.02) and education (x2=102.34). The common treatment pathways for VVF among patients started from simple home remedies and herbs with few visiting modern healthcare facilities before referrals to VVF Centres. Ignorance and the belief that the traditional therapy was more effective were factors that influenced VVF patients’ decision to utilise home remedies and herbs at the beginning of the condition. Perceived severity of the condition and referrals made by the healthcare providers influenced the choice of subsequent treatment options. Delay to visit modern healthcare facilities aggravated the VVF condition. In Ebonyi State, care and support for VVF patients was influenced by marital status and level of spousal affection, while the number of times VVF repairs were done as well as relatives’ decisions influenced care and support for VVF patients in Plateau State. The burden of odour from VVF patients and the cost of treatment resulted in stigmatisation, divorce, job loss and economic disempowerment among these patients. Social and demographic factors influenced the determinants and treatment pathways for Vesicovaginal Fistula in Ebonyi and Plateau states, Nigeria. There is a need for government and healthcare providers to further sensitise women about the best practices leading to the prevention of thecondition. therefore, examined the determinants, community perception, prevalence, treatment pathways and factors influencing care and support for VVF in Ebonyi and Plateau states
A Thesis in the Department of SociologySubmitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciencesinpartialfulfillmentofrequirements for the DegreeofDOCTOROFPHILOSOPHYoftheUNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Full text linkAsthma is one of the most prevalent non-communicable respiratory diseases in less developed countries. Nigeria ranks 49th in asthma prevalence among children worldwide. Previous studies have focused on asthma triggers and the seasonal pattern of asthma in children, yet they have not examined the influence of household attributes and activities on asthma prevention and management among children. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the perceived factors responsible for asthma in children, perceived household attributes and activities influencing its prevention and management, the influence of intergenerational factors and the pathways for seeking care for children living with asthma in Ibadan.The Health Belief Model served as the framework, while cross-sectional survey design was employed. The University College Hospital (Tertiary Hospital), Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (State Hospital), while Our Lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital (Private Hospital) were purposively selected. A sample of 273 respondents was drawn using Cochran (1977) formula. Purposive sampling was used to administer a structured questionnaire to parents of children aged 6 to 14 years, and physician-diagnosed asthma patients attending asthma clinics comprising UCH (124), Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (84) and Our Lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital (65). In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 children living with asthma in each of the hospitals, while Key Informant Interviews were also conducted with health practitioners in each of the hospitals. Six case studies were conducted with grandparents of children living with asthma to probe the influence of intergenerational factors. The Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (chi-square and logistic regression) statistics at p≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content analysed.The Respondents’ age was 37±5.7years, 87.2% were female, while 63.8% had tertiary education. A majority (67.0%) lived in rented houses, while 69.6% used upholstered furniture and 73.6% used asbestos as roofing material. Nearly half (45.9%) perceived asthma to be caused by environmental factors (dust, smoke and weather conditions), inherited factors (37.5%), spiritual attack (13.0%), and punishment for sin (3.5%). Cooking methods (90.1%), cooking fuel (79.1%) and poor ventilation (72.9%) were reported as household attributes triggering asthma in children. Activities such as frying (χ2=6.00), baking (χ2=6.30) and laundry (χ2=7.14) were significantly associated with regularity of asthma attacks. The respondents’ religion (χ2=10.26), income (χ2=29.58), family type (χ2=15.18), ownership of house (χ2=8.77), type of house (χ2=23.88), education (χ2=52.07), household size (χ2=18.14), age of children living with asthma (χ2=6.14), occupation (χ2=18.60) and household decision making (χ2=4.20) were significantly related to treatment pathways. Family history of asthma was vital in its management in children. Grandparents’ experiences of use of natural home remedies such as honey, pawpaw leaves, camphor, mango seeds and turmeric were reported in the management of children with asthma. Household attributes and activities of children living with asthma in Ibadan influenced the prevention of asthma and was moderated by socio economic status, while natural home remedies were used in the management of asthma. Households with children living with asthma should improve housing conditions and cooking technologies
Thermodynamic optimisation of solar thermal brayton cycle models and heat exchangers using particle swarm algorithm
No full textIn this work, three variants of the Brayton cycle incorporating concentrated solar technologies and dual regenerative systems are modeled. The first variant employs reheat, intercooling, and regeneration, the second applies intercooling and regeneration while the third case involves regeneration only. With the application of the entropy generation method and particle swarm algorithm (PSA), processes with the largest irreversibilities are noted, minimized and the geometric parameters of participating components are optimized. Results show that irreversibilities occurring in the systems were largely due to finite temperature differences within components. In all cases, the solar receiver and intercooler are the dominant and modest sources of entropy generation respectively. The regenerative system entropy generation is highest in the first case while decreasing in the second and third cases respectively. An improvement in the exergy availability was observed in the first case, as the first and second law efficiency peaks at 44.9% and 59.68% respectively. Though, with a lower second law efficiency than the former, its percentage network output is equal to the first case at 43%. The aspect ratio, hydraulic diameter, and length of the receiver were observed to vary to enhance greater heat capture and increase the turbine inlet temperature (TIT). The high temperature (HT) regenerator had its geometric properties of a higher magnitude than the low temperature (LT) system as the waste heat recovery is aided by an enhanced heat transfer surface area. In comparison with the single regeneration system, the network output of the dual model was about 33.5% with a significant reduction in the entropy generated, creating a trade-off between operating the system for more power or less generation of irreversibilities
Transformative teacher education in economics: reflection on service learning in Ibadan
No full textThis study focused on the relevance of service learning to transformative teacher education. The researchers used a qualitative approach and a case study design, involving 300 level Economics Education students at the Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan in Nigeria during the 2017/2018 academic session. Data was collected through interviews and students' journals, which were analyzed thematically. The findings indicated that service learning is an effective means of improving teacher education, as it enhances students' attitudes towards teaching, promotes transformative learning, and improves the employability skills of pre-service teachers. The study also revealed that service learning fosters a positive attitude from school management towards student-teachers and helps eliminate boredom in the teaching and learning process. As a recommendation, the study proposes that the teacher education curriculum should be revised to include service learning as a way to promote meaningful learning and professional development among future teachers in the 21st century among others
Assessment of bitter yam (dioscorea dumentorum [kunth] pax) production in Oyo state, Nigeria
Full text linkProduction of bitter yam (Discoreae dumentorum [Kunth.] Pax) is low in Oyo State, Nigeria. Two varieties are mainly cultivated, but there is limited information on factors responsible for low production and varietal preferences among farmers. This study investigated the demography, farming practices and differential proximate compositions as probable causes of low production of bitter yam in Oyo State. One hundred and twenty (120) copies of structured questionnaire were administered to selected respondents. Multistage sampling was used in selecting respondents in Oyo state from local government areas constituting four agricultural zones and 12 villages to collect demographic, production-related information, and constraints to production. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result revealed that although bitter yam cultivation in Oyo state was male dominated (70%), majority of the farmers were old (57%), married (72%) and poorly educated (55%). Its production was for subsistence, and it was mainly grown in intercrop with other yam species. Ranked production constraints indicated poor marketability as the most extremely severe constraint, followed by labour unavailability and storage inadequacies. White bitter yam variety with superior basic proximate composition than Yellow Yam was preferred for cultivation. Subsistence production of bitter yam in Oyo state could be up-scaled through government intervention via farmer-centered education and public awareness and provision of infrastructure to facilitate cultivation, transportation, and storage
Optimization of the factors influencing biodegradation and thermal stability of banana pseudo stem fibers in nigeria
No full textLignocellulosic fibers, one of natural biopolymers, are derived from abundant banana pseudo stem (BPS) agricultural waste in different parts of Nigeria. In this study, the lignocellulosic fibers of three common banana cultivars, agbagba, paranta, and omini, were investigated to determine their chemical composition and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the experimental investigations were correlated with the corresponding Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design under three factors – fiber treatment, diameter, and cultivar type – to find the optimal factors that are pertinent to the desired biodegradation and thermal stability of the fibers. The optimization results indicated that the fiber treatment followed by diameter and the cultivar type was the most influential of the responses, respectively. However, increased cellulosic content led to higher tensile strength and modulus, while higher lignin corresponded to higher elasticity. Meanwhile, the predictions of the biodegradation and thermal stability derived from the Taguchi design via S/N ratio ANOVA and regression modeling correlated adequately with the corresponding experimental observations. Ultimately, the fibers with optimum factors were T3D1C1 and T3D1C3, where T3, D1, C1, and C3 denote that the associated fiber was treated with acetic acid, had a diameter of 60.77 μm, and belong to the cultivar type of agbagba and omini, respectively
Linked data technology and linked open data in academic libraries in Nigeria: level of integration, challenges and potential solution
No full textThe emergence of Linked Data and Linked Open Data technologies in the library and information service environment has altered the platform of bibliographic standards and models. Despite the perception that Linked Data technology will soon be the standard for creating metadata for information resources management in libraries, there tends to be very low level of adoption of this emerging technology in the developing economy. This study examined the level of integration, challenges and potential solutions in the adoption of Linked Data (LD) and (LOD) in academic libraries in Nigeria.
Survey research design was adopted for the study. This consists of Questionnaire instrument distributed to Library and Information professionals in Nigeria. Seventy-one responses were received across seventeen higher institutions in Nigeria. The study exposed that most of the academic libraries in Nigeria have not started the implementation of linked data standards at all.
The major challenges in the adoption of LD in Nigeria are lack of in-depth knowledge on the potential values and procedural activities of LD and LOD technology amongst librarians and information managers, and poor infrastructure, coupled with the concerns that the system could be hacked. The study identified the need for investment of both social and financial capital into LD technology. Librarians and other key stakeholders should be exposed to trainings and events on LD application. Such trainings can be pioneered by the host institution
Evaluation of palm kernel oil as cutting lubricant in turning AISI 1039 steel using taguchi-grey relational analysis optimization technique
No full textCutting fluids have a known negative impact on productivity, human health, and the environment in the manufacturing sector. A suitable method for reducing the effect of cutting fluids on human health and the environment is minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). In this experiment, AISI 1039 steel was machined using vegetable oil lubricant and MQL. A chemical method was used to extract vegetable oil from palm kernel seeds. Then, using established techniques, the physicochemical and lubricity properties of palm kernel oil (PKO) were ascertained. The Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal array served as the basis for the planning of the experimental design. Process parameters such as surface roughness, chip thickness ratio, cutting temperature, and material removal rate were measured during the turning operations. The multi-response outputs from TGRA were considered to simultaneously optimize the cutting parameters namely depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed. At a temperature of 55◦C, 180 min, and particle sizes of 0.2–0.5 mm, an oil yield of 55% by weight was obtained. The viscosity at 40◦C, specific gravity, pour, fire, cloud, and flash points of the raw PKO were 117.6 mm2/s, 0.8940 mg/ml, 21◦C, 231◦C, 22.3 ◦C and 227◦C, respectively. The surface roughness and cutting temperature of PKO improved by 44% and 12%, respectively, when compared with mineral oil. The findings of this research confirmed the effectiveness of the integrated Taguchi-grey relational analysis (TGRA) optimization method and established an experimental foundation for the use of PKO minimum quantity lubrication turning