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Numerical investigation of forces and acceleration for air-sea unmanned aerial vehicle in transition
No full textThe air-sea UAV is made to be able to fly, change from land to water, and navigate through submerged water. However, as it moves from the air to the water, it experiences a significant impact force. The UAV’s structure and components run the risk of being harmed by this strong impact force. The accelerations and forces involved in the transition process must therefore be understood through quantitative research. The method was created using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can manage the process of water entry. The simulation and calculations were carried out using the Fluent software suite from ANSYS Inc. The research examined the UAV’s wing and center bodies independently and separately. 3-D models were used for the analyses of the center body, while 2-D models were used for the wing-body analyses. The transition flow and submerged methods were taken into consideration in obtaining the impact load that a body experiences when transitioning into water. Because it was substantiated using experimental results from prior studies, the transient-time analysis-based transition techniquewas shown to be reliable. The steady-state analysis of the submerged flowmethod can be used to quickly comprehend the pressure and velocity distribution over a body immersed in or entering the water. However, because it fails to account for the water’s initial acceleration upon entry, the steady-state simulation underestimates the drag force. The submerged flow method’s findings indicate that a sharp nose centre body diminishes drag more successfully. The transition method evaluations for the UAV slender body reveal controllable drag and impact forces. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that wedge-shaped leading edges for the wing-body reduce impact but may not be optimal when considering airlift. As a result, this research provides useful data for air-sea UAV structural design and movement conditions
Petroleum exploration and production in Nigeria: a blessing or a curse?
No full textOil exploration in Nigeria started in 1903; however, drilling activities started in 1951. In 1956, Shell-British Petroleum (BP) made a significant discovery of oil in the Oloibiri community (present-day Bayelsa State). Crude oil production began in 1957, and in 1960, 849,075 tonnes of crude oil were exported. To date, approximately 1,500 exploration wells have been drilled, with most of these being onshore, whereas the rest are in shallow offshore and deepwater. The exploration success rate has increased primarily due to three- dimensional seismic and sequence stratigraphy advancements. Oil and gas exports contribute significantly to Nigeria's economy, mainly federal government revenue and foreign exchange earnings. In this Chapter, the authors have examined the history of oil exploration in Nigeria, operating agreements, contributions of oil and gas to Nigeria's economy, the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) (as the new framework for participation and regulation) and challenges faced during oil exploration and production in the country
Relationship between Teachers Concept Knowledge of COVID-19 and Students’ Concept Knowledge of COVID-19 in Oyo State
No full textFamilial cataracts: profile of patients and their families at a child eye care tertiary facility in a developing country
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical profile, pedigree charting, and management of children with familial cataracts at a child eye health tertiary facility in southwest Nigeria. Methods: The clinical records of children ≤16 years diagnosed with familial cataracts at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic, University College Hospital Ibadan (Ibadan, Nigeria) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Information on demographic data, family history, visual acuity, mean refractive error (spherical equivalent), and surgical management was retrieved. Results: The study included 38 participants with familial cataract. The mean age at presentation was 6.30 ± 3.68 years, with a range of 7 months to 13 years. Twenty-five patients (65.8%) were male. All patients had bilateral involvement. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to presentation at the hospital was 3.71 ± 3.20 years, with a range of 3 months to 13 years. In 16 of the 17 pedigree charts obtained, at least one individual was affected in each generation. The most common cataract morphology was cerulean cataract, observed in 21 eyes (27.6%). The most common ocular comorbidity was nystagmus which was observed in seven patients (18.4%). Sixty-seven eyes of 35 children underwent surgery within the period of the study. The proportion of eyes that had best-corrected visual acuity ≥6 / 18 before surgery was 9.1%; this proportion had increased to 52.7% at the last postoperative visit. Conclusions: Autosomal dominant inheritance appears to be the major pattern among our patients with familial cataract. The most common morphological type found in this cohort was cerulean cataract. Genetic testing and counseling services are vital for the management of families with childhood cataract
A Thesis in the Department of Religious Studies, Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textPolicy development, an iterative process designed to help organisations advance policies to make them run efficiently in the realisation of their corporate objectives, is pivotal for organisational success, including the Methodist Church Nigeria (MCN). Existing studies on MCN have focused largely on historical development, renewal movements and doctrinal exegesis, with scant attention paid to its policy development. This study was, therefore, designed to examine policy development in MCN, which was orchestrated by the constitutional reforms from 1962, when the Church was granted autonomy from the British Methodist, to 2020, when the MCN held Constitutional Conference and reviewed the MCN Constitution, 2006. This was with a view to identifying the trends in policy development, its attendant benefits and challenges to the church.
Anthony Giddens’ Structuration Theory was adopted as the framework, while the descriptive design was used. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 31 members of the clergy and 33 members of the laity based on their experience on policy issues in MCN. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 episcopates, seven presbyters, eight priests, two deacons, one deaconess, four evangelists, four lay presidents, 10 stewards, seven fellowship presidents and seven former lay officers because they were involved as policymakers and implementers in the Conference area. Church records and the MCN Constitutions, 1962, 1976, 1990 and 2006, were consulted. The data were thematically analysed. The policy developments in MCN was a reflection of the changing dynamics in administering the church. The Deed of Foundation, 1962, granted the Church autonomy, while the MCN Constitution, 1976, addressed ecumenical matters with the introduction of Episcopacy and the adoption of titles, such as Patriarch, Archbishops and Bishops. The MCN Constitution, 1990, focused on reconciliation and reunification of the church after 14 years of internal crises. The MCN Constitution, 2006, which was in use until 2020 repositioned the church for effective ministry. The benefits derived from the policies include the introduction of new methods, such as the reordering of the ministry, charismatic worship and numerical growth from two districts at autonomy to 80 dioceses in 2020. The policies equally enhanced the national impact of the church in the education and health sectors, while it achieved global relevance in international outreach mission to Gabon, Togo, Dubai, United Kingdom and United States of America. Moreover, MCN’s leadership role in World Methodist Council was firmly established. However, there was the erosion of Methodist heritage and traditions, like simple hierarchies of priesthood and unelaborate liturgy as a result of the policy. There were also the Presidential and Patriarchal conflict from 1976 to 1990; partial implementation of the policies and financial burdens were evident in the irregular payment of Church workers’ salaries. Social change underpinned policies for autonomy, episcopacy and repositioning in Methodist Church Nigeria, from 1962 to 2020, with attendant benefits and challenges
A DISSERTATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES, SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA
No full textThe Christian idea of Servant Leadership (SL), which connotes honouring God and serving humanity (John 13:1-5), is germane to political leadership globally, Nigeria inclusive. Existing studies on leadership concentrated largely on its types, styles and qualities, with scant attention paid to the Christian concept of SL in relation to politics in Oyo State. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the concept of SL from a Christian perspective in the context of political leadership in Oyo State. This was with a view to determining its nature and applicability to governance in the state. Robert Greenleaf’s Theory of Leadership was adopted as the framework, while the phenomenological design was used. The three senatorial districts in Oyo State were enumerated. Convenience sampling was employed to select from each senatorial districts of the local governments: Oyo South (Ibadan North and Ido), Oyo Central (Oyo West and Surulere) and Oyo North (Iseyin and Kajola). In-depth interviews were conducted with 120 purposively selected respondents (60 Christian politicians, 30 members of the clergy and 30 Christians representing the general public across the senatorial districts) based on their involvement in politics in the state. Six sessions of focus group discussions were held with the participants. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. The Christian concept of SL emphasises love for one’s neighbour as oneself, which is central to all laws (Mark 12: 31-32); justice, an important value to liberal political ideal in the fairness of judgment (Amos 5:24); and tolerance, accommodating contrary opinions and giving equal opportunity (2Tessallonians 3: 6-12). The concept stresses transparency, which should manifest in project execution and policy implementation (Nehemiah 5:14-16); and patriotism, which is genuine commitment to the well-being of one’s country and her people (Romans 13: 1-5). Since the creation of Oyo State in 1976, Christians have held many positions of authority, such as governor, deputy governor, speaker of the state assembly and commissioners. Commenting on the governance in the state, Christian politician respondents claimed that, despite the significant involvement of Christians in the state politics, the political atmosphere was laden with negative values, such as selfishness, greed and hatred, which contradict love. There was injustice in the distribution of amenities, as opposed to justice, as well as insensitivity to political differences and opinions, in contradistinction to tolerance; this led to political violence and insecurity. Members of the clergy submitted that there was also alleged corruption in the form of misappropriation and embezzlement of funds, which tainted transparency and engendered inept administration. Nonchalant attitude to development and people’s welfare, in disregard for patriotism, were also identified by the other respondent - Christians representing the general public. All this, culminated in infrastructure decay, like bad roads, schools and hospital facilities across the state, high level of poverty, unemployment, as well as a threat to human value well-being.Contrary to the Christian values inherent in servant leadership, many of the Christians holding political positions in Oyo State did not deploy efficiently those values to foster a favourable political atmosphere in the stat
A Thesis in the Department of English Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textPhonotactics, which accounts for sound patterning, is affected by language regression in children with autism. Existing linguistic studies on autism in Nigeria focused mainly on general description of the disorder and developmental challenges. However, little attention was devoted to systematic description of their phonological patterns. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the speech production of autistic children in Lagos State, Nigeria, with a view to describing the phonological processes involved in the production of phonemes and syllables and the constraint ranking responsible for them. Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky’s Optimality Theory served as the framework, while the descriptive design was adopted. The convenience sampling technique was employed to select four special-needs facilities in three local government areas (Amuwo-odofin, Badagry, and Ikeja) of Lagos State. Availability of and accessibility to relevant data necessitated the selection of the facilities. Twenty-four children with autism under the age of 17 years (Amuwo-odofin: 17, Badagry: 2, and Ikeja: 5) accessing the facilities were purposively selected. Speeches of the participants were audio-recorded twice a week for two years. The data were subjected to phonological and acoustic analyses. Three phonological processes were dominant: deletion, substitution and epenthesis. Vowels were generally modified. Deletion was dominant in the rendition of consonants, with the lateral sound /l/ mostly affected. Substitution and epenthesis affected mainly vowels. Central vowels /ᴧ, ɜ, ə/ were strengthened and /ɔ/, /e/, /æ/ were used for each, respectively. Epenthesis was prominent in the realisation of vocalic phonemes, with /ɪ/ and /ə/ substituted as /i:/ and /æ/, respectively. It was also dominant in the articulation of triphthongs /eɪə/ and /ɔɪə/. Monophthongs were either retained or substituted with long or strong vowels. Diphthongs were monophthongised or substituted with stronger versions. Triphthongs were either substituted with diphthongs or epenthesised with an intrusive /j/, creating disyllabic sounds. With regard to syllables, simple onsets were produced comfortably more than complex onsets, while both simple and complex codas were deleted, reduced or produced with great difficulty. Constraint ranking favoured markedness over faithfulness. The constraints responsible for vowels were *SCHWA, NOCODA, NODIPH and *HIATUS. *COMPLEX ONSET and *COMPLEX CODA were the markedness constraints accountable for the simplified outcome of complex onsets, complex codas, open and closed syllables. *HIATUS was ranked above MAX-V for the emergence of minimum syllables. Consonant clusters, especially at coda positions, were reduced or rendered open, as *COMPLEX CODA was preferred above MAX. There were inconsistencies in the intensity values. The values were either abnormally high (73.94dB) or low (52. 89dB). Against a threshold of 63.42dB, their pitch values were either extremely high or low. The phonotactics of autistic children in Lagos State, Nigeria is characterised by simplification of difficult phonemes and syllables through deployment of deletion, substitution and epenthesis. Therefore, multidisciplinary therapists should be employed to improve the treatment and rehabilitation of autistic children
A thesis in theDepartment of SociologySubmitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textGlobally, Female Bread-winning (FBW), a phenomenon where the female contributes above fifty per cent of the household’s expenditures, is increasing. In Nigeria, this trend has occasioned a shift in traditional patriarchal norms. Previous studies on FBW largely focused on professional career women. However, there is paucity of evidence-based study on FBW among market women in Ibadan where there is a high incidence of FBW. This study was therefore designed to investigate the patterns and specific roles of female breadwinners,female breadwinners’ commitment to marital obligations, relationship with children and other kin; and coping strategies adopted among market women in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Role Strain Theory guided the study, while the cross-sectional survey design was employed and mixed methods used. Stratified purposive sampling method was used to select three markets (Agbeni, Bodija and Gbagi) where there is a high concentration of female traders. On the second strata, three merchandise sections (fabrics, groceries and raw foodstuff) were selected. A sample of 903 respondents was drawn using Yamane’s (1967) formula, while the snowball technique was used for selecting interviewees and participants in FGD. Proportionate to size sampling method was used to administer a structured questionnaire to traders in Agbeni (289), Bodija (322) and Gbagi (292) markets. In-depth interviews were conducted with female breadwinners in each market and with selected spouses of female breadwinners. Six focus group discussions, two in each market, were held among female breadwinners. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Logistic regression at P≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content analysed.
The majority (76.5%) of the respondents (aged 42.55±8.91 years) were married, and 49.1% had secondary education. FBW was high (52.0%). It was significantly associated with those with unemployed husbands (AOR=80.75) in general, and specifically with those who sold raw foodstuff: vegetables/pepper (OR =3.85), rice, beans and garri (OR=3.27). Female breadwinners played specific roles, particularly expenditures on transport fare (76.9%), children’s clothing (74.7%), feeding (56.4%), medical bills (46.5%) and children’s school fees (35.6%). Female breadwinners with unemployed husbands (OR=0.16) were less likely to be committed to marital obligations than those who lived apart from husbands (OR=0.26) and those with more than five children (OR=0.50). Cordial relationship with other kin is significantly associated with sellers in Agbeni market (OR=4.42), those who lived apart from husbands (OR=0.42) and those with unemployed husbands (OR=0.23). Thirty-seven percent had cordial relationship with other kin: and this had significant association with sellers in Agbeni market (OR=2.20), those who earned between N40001 and N60000 (OR=1.70) monthly and women living apart from husbands (OR=0.47). Indicated coping mechanisms include: trusting in God (79.7%), seeking counsel from relatives/friends (6.3%), keeping calm (5.0%) and using music therapy (2.9%). Husband’s infidelity, inability to provide for the family, gambling and drunkenness are some of the problems contributing to FBW.
Socio-demographic variables, roles and commitments to marital obligations affected Female Breadwinning and family relations of market women in Ibadan. Social support mechanisms should be targeted at helping female breadwinners to minimise spousal conflicts arising from performingBreadwinning roles
Harnessing the Gains of Socio-constructive Strategy for Learning in Nigerian Primary Schools in the Post Covid Era: Implication for National Development
Full text linkThe covid-19 pandemic shutdown systems and institutions globally, the period did not leave out any organisations; as schools at all levels were shut down for several months. Educationists have therefore, been looking for solutions to resume back to school life and possibly put structures in place for future unfavourable situations which could lead to school closure and find teaching strategy which will be able to withstand the effect of the pandemic on pupils at the basic level of education. Therefore, this study showcases the gains of social constructive learning strategy in Nigeria primary schools post COVID-19. Two research questions were raised and answered while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance while mixed method research design was adopted. Results of the study reveal learning loss, poor academic performance and neglect of rural schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of the intervention show that Social constructive learning strategies makes learning effective, children could interact during learning, teamwork, empathy and communication skills were also developed during the intervention. It was recommended that more teachers should be trained on the use of social constructive learning strategy, parents and policy experts should also create supportive environment for social constructive learning strategy
Rising cost of living in Nigeria: implications on the welfare of aged women
Full text linkThis paper delves into the impact of rising living costs on older women, using empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks to elucidate the complex ramifications of financial strain. Aged women are chosen for examination due to their vulnerability to economic hardships, stemming from fixed incomes and increased healthcare needs. The study aims to illuminate the specific challenges faced by elderly women amidst economic turbulence, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding their welfare for societal stability. It highlights the significance of addressing the welfare concerns of elderly women within the context of escalating living expenses, emphasizing tailored interventions to protect their well-being. The rising cost of living is characterized by a persistent increase in the prices of essential goods and services, dri ven by factors such as inflation and currency devaluation. This phenomenon affects elderly women in various ways, including financial distress and limited access to healthcare. Direct consequences include heightened economic adversity and decreased purchasing power, while indirect effects extend to the broader population through disrupted family dynamics and strained support systems. Recommendations for mitigating these impacts include targeted social welfare initiatives and enhanced healthcare access, with anticipated benefits including improved financial stability and social integration for elderly women, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and resilient society